debian mysql开机启动_Debian添加开机启动

小鱼儿 2022-10-26 14:28 547阅读 0赞

但是大多数都是把命令写到/etc/rc.d/rc.local或者 /etc/rc.local里，这样虽然能够实现随机运行，但是并不够灵活。不能像mysql，apache等服务一样能够使用service命令或者调 用init.d下的脚本启动、关闭或者重启进程。例如：

service mysql restart

service apache2 stop

\#或者

/etc/init.d/mysql restart

/etc/init.d/apache2 stop

编写一个启动控制脚本，以proxy为例，建立/etc/init.d/proxy文本文件，输入下面的内容：

\#!/bin/sh

case "$1" in

start)

start-stop-daemon --start --background --exec /root/proxy.py

;;

stop)

start-stop-daemon --stop --name proxy.py

esac

这是一个简单的shell脚本，case .. in是用来根据调用参数进行不同的操作，start-stop-daemon是一个可以管理daemon进程的程序，要查看它的详细说明，可以运行man start-stop-daemon。start的时候，使用--exec指定要执行的文件，stop的时候，使用--name根据进程名字来使用 killall结束匹配的进程。

接着，设置脚本文件属性，设置可执行标记。

\# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/proxy

这样子，就可以使用service命令来启动和关闭进程了，例如启动进程如下：

\# service proxy start

\# ps aux|grep proxy

root 353 1.4 1.9 8644 5212 ? S 09:50 0:00 /usr/bin/python /root/proxy.py

root 355 0.0 0.2 1900 596 pts/0 S+ 09:50 0:00 grep --color=auto proxy

\#关闭进程

\# service proxy stop

\# ps aux | grep proxy

root 365 0.0 0.2 1900 592 pts/0 S+ 09:51 0:00 grep --color=auto proxy

到这里，一个Linux服务的进程控制脚本已经写好了，但是要实现随机启动，还需要一个步骤。

Linux开机的时候，不是直接运行/etc/init.d下的所有脚本的，而是根据不同的runlevel来执行/etc/rc$runlevel.d 下的脚本。这里的runlevel是用以区别系统的运行方式(例如单用户的runlevel，多媒体桌面的runlevel，服务器的runlevel都 不同)。

在Debian里，可以使用update-rc.d来把/etc/init.d/proxy安装到各个runlevel中。更多关于update-rc.d的说明，请参见man update-rc.d。

\# update-rc.d proxy defaults 99

update-rc.d: warning: /etc/init.d/proxy missing LSB information

update-rc.d: see

Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/proxy ...

/etc/rc0.d/K99proxy -> ../init.d/proxy

/etc/rc1.d/K99proxy -> ../init.d/proxy

/etc/rc6.d/K99proxy -> ../init.d/proxy

/etc/rc2.d/S99proxy -> ../init.d/proxy

/etc/rc3.d/S99proxy -> ../init.d/proxy

/etc/rc4.d/S99proxy -> ../init.d/proxy

/etc/rc5.d/S99proxy -> ../init.d/proxy

update-rc.d后面有三个参数，分别是/etc/init.d下的脚本名字，默认安装方式，运行的优先级。优先级的数字越大，表示越迟运行，这里我们把自己写的服务放在最后运行。

如果要卸载随机启动的服务，执行

update-rc.d -f proxy remove

在update-rc.d安装的时候提示了警告信息，是因为我们写的/etc/init.d/proxy太简陋了，连LSB的信息也没有提供。

update-rc.d: warning: /etc/init.d/proxy missing LSB information

update-rc.d: see

只需要做一些小改动，就可以避免那个警告了。如下：

\#!/bin/sh

\#\#\# BEGIN INIT INFO

\# Provides: proxy

\# Required-Start: $remote\_fs

\# Required-Stop: $remote\_fs

\# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5

\# Default-Stop: 0 1 6

\# Short-Description: Start or stop the HTTP Proxy.

\#\#\# END INIT INFO

case "$1" in

start)

start-stop-daemon --start --background --exec /root/proxy.py

;;

stop)

start-stop-daemon --stop --name proxy.py

esac

到此，一个最简单的随机启动服务写好了，看起来文章挺长的，但其实也就几个命令而已。

在下次开机启动的时候，proxy.py就会以root用户身份被自动运行。

现在，你应该知道怎么编写属于自己的service命令了吧，编写一个脚本，然后把它放在/etc/init.d这个目录底下，你就可以用service +脚本名字 运行它。如果是要开机自动启动那就得用chkconfig命令了。

注意：

A、service这个命令往往是即时生效，不用开关机，但是重启后服务会回到默认状态。

B、chkconfig是用于把服务加到开机自动启动列表里，只要启动它，就能自动启动，重启后永久生效

chkconfig --add COMMAND

chkconfig COMMAND on/off \#重启后永久生效

webiopi

\#! /bin/sh

\#\#\# BEGIN INIT INFO

\# Provides: webiopi

\# Required-Start: $remote\_fs $syslog

\# Required-Stop: $remote\_fs $syslog

\# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5

\# Default-Stop: 0 1 6

\# Short-Description: WebIOPi initscript

\# Description: WebIOPi initscript

\#\#\# END INIT INFO

\# Author: trouch

WEBIOPI\_HOME=/var/www/webiopi

WEBIOPI\_PORT=80

PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin

DESC="WebIOPi"

NAME=webiopi

DAEMON=/usr/bin/python

DAEMON\_ARGS="$WEBIOPI\_HOME/webiopi.py $WEBIOPI\_PORT"

PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid

SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME

\# Exit if the package is not installed

\[ -x "$DAEMON" \] || exit 0

\# Read configuration variable file if it is present

\[ -r /etc/default/$NAME \] && . /etc/default/$NAME

\# Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables

. /lib/init/vars.sh

\# Define LSB log\_\* functions.

\# Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.2-14) to ensure that this file is present

\# and status\_of\_proc is working.

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

\# Function that starts the daemon/service

do\_start()

\# Return

\# 0 if daemon has been started

\# 1 if daemon was already running

\# 2 if daemon could not be started

start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \\

|| return 1

start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --background --make-pidfile -- \\

$DAEMON\_ARGS \\

|| return 2

\# Add code here, if necessary, that waits for the process to be ready

\# to handle requests from services started subsequently which depend

\# on this one. As a last resort, sleep for some time.

\# Function that stops the daemon/service

do\_stop()

\# Return

\# 0 if daemon has been stopped

\# 1 if daemon was already stopped

\# 2 if daemon could not be stopped

\# other if a failure occurred

start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME

RETVAL="$?"

\[ "$RETVAL" = 2 \] && return 2

\# Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks

\# and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript.

\# If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code

\# that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be

\# needed by services started subsequently. A last resort is to

\# sleep for some time.

start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --exec $DAEMON

\[ "$?" = 2 \] && return 2

\# Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit.

rm -f $PIDFILE

return "$RETVAL"

\# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service

do\_reload() \{

\# If the daemon can reload its configuration without

\# restarting (for example, when it is sent a SIGHUP),

\# then implement that here.

start-stop-daemon --stop --signal 1 --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME

return 0

case "$1" in

start)

\[ "$VERBOSE" != no \] && log\_daemon\_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"

do\_start

case "$?" in

0|1) \[ "$VERBOSE" != no \] && log\_end\_msg 0 ;;

2) \[ "$VERBOSE" != no \] && log\_end\_msg 1 ;;

esac

;;

stop)

\[ "$VERBOSE" != no \] && log\_daemon\_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"

do\_stop

case "$?" in

0|1) \[ "$VERBOSE" != no \] && log\_end\_msg 0 ;;

2) \[ "$VERBOSE" != no \] && log\_end\_msg 1 ;;

esac

;;

status)

status\_of\_proc "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?

;;

\#reload|force-reload)

\# If do\_reload() is not implemented then leave this commented out

\# and leave 'force-reload' as an alias for 'restart'.

\#log\_daemon\_msg "Reloading $DESC" "$NAME"

\#do\_reload

\#log\_end\_msg $?

\#;;

restart|force-reload)

\# If the "reload" option is implemented then remove the

\# 'force-reload' alias

log\_daemon\_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"

do\_stop

case "$?" in

0|1)

do\_start

case "$?" in

0) log\_end\_msg 0 ;;

1) log\_end\_msg 1 ;; \# Old process is still running

\*) log\_end\_msg 1 ;; \# Failed to start

esac

;;

\*)

\# Failed to stop

log\_end\_msg 1

;;

esac

;;

\*)

\#echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME \{start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload\}" >&2

echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME \{start|stop|status|restart|force-reload\}" >&2

exit 3

;;

esac

debian mysql开机启动_Debian添加开机启动

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