（科技白）使用ardunio uno制造寝室指纹锁，总费用不过100

约定不等于承诺〃 2022-10-23 09:52 3阅读 0赞

### 使用ardunio uno制造寝室指纹锁（科技白） ###

*  准备工作
 *  设计思路图
 *  硬件连接
 *  代码部分
 *  教训
 *  成品

因为老丢钥匙，所以想要做一个指纹锁。从0基础入ardunio uno花了1个星期就完成了大致的内容，疯狂踩坑，花了好久优化开门成功率还有一些其他的东西，希望能给想要做指纹锁的兄弟们参考。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzU0MDAzMjUy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

# 准备工作 #

*  一块 ardunio uno 因为ardunio只能提供3.3V和5V所以下面买的所有设备都要在这个电压左右

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzU0MDAzMjUy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
详细参数请访问[Arduino UNO数据手册（新手入门）][Arduino UNO]

*  AS608指纹模块  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzU0MDAzMjUy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]
 *  杜邦线若干（一定要双公头的 就是两头都是针的 不要问我怎么知道）  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzU0MDAzMjUy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]
 *  面包板  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][20210308185722191.png]
 *  SG90舵机（根据寝室门需要的拉力选择不同的舵机 注意电压小于5V）  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzU0MDAzMjUy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]
 *  一个有源蜂鸣器或者一个LCD1602显示屏（不会焊接的请买焊好引脚的）  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][20210308185740642.png]
 *  9V插头 （我只用了5V 2A的插头但是ardunio用9v比较合适）
 *  3M胶
 *  一根强度比较高的线
 *  安装ardunio软件了解使用[Ardunio安装和基本使用][Ardunio]

# 设计思路图 #

![这是我一开始画的设计图][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzU0MDAzMjUy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

# 硬件连接 #

*  ardunio

ardunio就只需要记住几点 3.3v供电接面包板一侧 5V供电接另外一侧 因为一些硬件要3.3V一些要5v供电 
    	`接错了容易烧坏硬件或者不能正常工作` 还有数字端口输出数字型号（0或者1） 模拟就是模拟信号（输出连续的电信号）

*  指纹模块

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th align="center">指纹模块</th> 
   <th align="center">ardunio</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="center">Vi</td> 
   <td align="center">3.3V(看你买的规格)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="center">Tx</td> 
   <td align="center">2管脚</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="center">Rx</td> 
   <td align="center">3管脚</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="center">GND</td> 
   <td align="center">GND</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

*  蜂鸣器（有源）  
    因为之前用lcd太耗电了 而且感觉作用不是很大就不用了远不如蜂鸣器来的实在

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>有源蜂鸣器</th> 
   <th>ardunio</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>VCC</td> 
   <td>3.3V（看你买的规格）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>I/O</td> 
   <td>10管脚</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>GND</td> 
   <td>GND</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

*  舵机

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>SG90舵机</th> 
   <th>ardunio</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>VCC(红色线)</td> 
   <td>5V（看你买的规格）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>I/O（橙色线）</td> 
   <td>8管脚</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>GND（黑色线）</td> 
   <td>GND</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# 代码部分 #

*  支持库的安装

指纹库 fingerprint
    红外线库 IRremote
    LCD库 LiquidCrystal_I2C（如果有的话）

*  指纹锁录入指纹 复制 烧录 运行 在串口监视器里面输入编号 录入

#include <Adafruit_Fingerprint.h>
    
    
    #if (defined(__AVR__) || defined(ESP8266)) && !defined(__AVR_ATmega2560__)
    // For UNO and others without hardware serial, we must use software serial...
    // pin #2 is IN from sensor (GREEN wire)
    // pin #3 is OUT from arduino (WHITE wire)
    // Set up the serial port to use softwareserial..
    SoftwareSerial mySerial(2, 3);
    
    #else
    // On Leonardo/M0/etc, others with hardware serial, use hardware serial!
    // #0 is green wire, #1 is white
    #define mySerial Serial1
    
    #endif
    
    
    Adafruit_Fingerprint finger = Adafruit_Fingerprint(&mySerial);
    
    uint8_t id;
    
    void setup()
    { 
      Serial.begin(9600);
      while (!Serial);  // For Yun/Leo/Micro/Zero/...
      delay(100);
      Serial.println("\n\nAdafruit Fingerprint sensor enrollment");
    
      // set the data rate for the sensor serial port
      finger.begin(57600);
    
      if (finger.verifyPassword()) { 
        Serial.println("Found fingerprint sensor!");
      } else { 
        Serial.println("Did not find fingerprint sensor :(");
        while (1) {  delay(1); }
      }
    
      Serial.println(F("Reading sensor parameters"));
      finger.getParameters();
      Serial.print(F("Status: 0x")); Serial.println(finger.status_reg, HEX);
      Serial.print(F("Sys ID: 0x")); Serial.println(finger.system_id, HEX);
      Serial.print(F("Capacity: ")); Serial.println(finger.capacity);
      Serial.print(F("Security level: ")); Serial.println(finger.security_level);
      Serial.print(F("Device address: ")); Serial.println(finger.device_addr, HEX);
      Serial.print(F("Packet len: ")); Serial.println(finger.packet_len);
      Serial.print(F("Baud rate: ")); Serial.println(finger.baud_rate);
    }
    
    uint8_t readnumber(void) { 
      uint8_t num = 0;
    
      while (num == 0) { 
        while (! Serial.available());
        num = Serial.parseInt();
      }
      return num;
    }
    
    void loop()                     // run over and over again
    { 
      Serial.println("Ready to enroll a fingerprint!");
      Serial.println("Please type in the ID # (from 1 to 127) you want to save this finger as...");
      id = readnumber();
      if (id == 0) { // ID #0 not allowed, try again!
         return;
      }
      Serial.print("Enrolling ID #");
      Serial.println(id);
    
      while (!  getFingerprintEnroll() );
    }
    
    uint8_t getFingerprintEnroll() { 
    
      int p = -1;
      Serial.print("Waiting for valid finger to enroll as #"); Serial.println(id);
      while (p != FINGERPRINT_OK) { 
        p = finger.getImage();
        switch (p) { 
        case FINGERPRINT_OK:
          Serial.println("Image taken");
          break;
        case FINGERPRINT_NOFINGER:
          Serial.println(".");
          break;
        case FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR:
          Serial.println("Communication error");
          break;
        case FINGERPRINT_IMAGEFAIL:
          Serial.println("Imaging error");
          break;
        default:
          Serial.println("Unknown error");
          break;
        }
      }
    
      // OK success!
    
      p = finger.image2Tz(1);
      switch (p) { 
        case FINGERPRINT_OK:
          Serial.println("Image converted");
          break;
        case FINGERPRINT_IMAGEMESS:
          Serial.println("Image too messy");
          return p;
        case FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR:
          Serial.println("Communication error");
          return p;
        case FINGERPRINT_FEATUREFAIL:
          Serial.println("Could not find fingerprint features");
          return p;
        case FINGERPRINT_INVALIDIMAGE:
          Serial.println("Could not find fingerprint features");
          return p;
        default:
          Serial.println("Unknown error");
          return p;
      }
    
      Serial.println("Remove finger");
      delay(2000);
      p = 0;
      while (p != FINGERPRINT_NOFINGER) { 
        p = finger.getImage();
      }
      Serial.print("ID "); Serial.println(id);
      p = -1;
      Serial.println("Place same finger again");
      while (p != FINGERPRINT_OK) { 
        p = finger.getImage();
        switch (p) { 
        case FINGERPRINT_OK:
          Serial.println("Image taken");
          break;
        case FINGERPRINT_NOFINGER:
          Serial.print(".");
          break;
        case FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR:
          Serial.println("Communication error");
          break;
        case FINGERPRINT_IMAGEFAIL:
          Serial.println("Imaging error");
          break;
        default:
          Serial.println("Unknown error");
          break;
        }
      }
    
      // OK success!
    
      p = finger.image2Tz(2);
      switch (p) { 
        case FINGERPRINT_OK:
          Serial.println("Image converted");
          break;
        case FINGERPRINT_IMAGEMESS:
          Serial.println("Image too messy");
          return p;
        case FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR:
          Serial.println("Communication error");
          return p;
        case FINGERPRINT_FEATUREFAIL:
          Serial.println("Could not find fingerprint features");
          return p;
        case FINGERPRINT_INVALIDIMAGE:
          Serial.println("Could not find fingerprint features");
          return p;
        default:
          Serial.println("Unknown error");
          return p;
      }
    
      // OK converted!
      Serial.print("Creating model for #");  Serial.println(id);
    
      p = finger.createModel();
      if (p == FINGERPRINT_OK) { 
        Serial.println("Prints matched!");
      } else if (p == FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR) { 
        Serial.println("Communication error");
        return p;
      } else if (p == FINGERPRINT_ENROLLMISMATCH) { 
        Serial.println("Fingerprints did not match");
        return p;
      } else { 
        Serial.println("Unknown error");
        return p;
      }
    
      Serial.print("ID "); Serial.println(id);
      p = finger.storeModel(id);
      if (p == FINGERPRINT_OK) { 
        Serial.println("Stored!");
      } else if (p == FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR) { 
        Serial.println("Communication error");
        return p;
      } else if (p == FINGERPRINT_BADLOCATION) { 
        Serial.println("Could not store in that location");
        return p;
      } else if (p == FINGERPRINT_FLASHERR) { 
        Serial.println("Error writing to flash");
        return p;
      } else { 
        Serial.println("Unknown error");
        return p;
      }
    
      return true;
    }

*  指纹锁代码

在代码的最后是控制舵机和蜂鸣器发声的代码，有需要的改那部分，使用lcd屏的把蜂鸣器发声那段改成lcd显示字符就可以了。
    这段代码还有我之前设置的一些lcd代码遗留懒得删了，不影响使用的。
    
    
    #include <Adafruit_Fingerprint.h>
    #include <Wire.h> 
    #include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
    int servopin = 8; 
    int buzzer=5;
    
    void servopulse(int angle)//定义一个脉冲函数
    { 
      int pulsewidth = (angle * 11) + 500; //将角度转化为500-2480的脉宽值
      digitalWrite(servopin, HIGH);   //将舵机接口电平至高
      delayMicroseconds(pulsewidth);  //延时脉宽值的微秒数
      digitalWrite(servopin, LOW);    //将舵机接口电平至低
      delayMicroseconds(20000 - pulsewidth);
    }
    
    
    #if (defined(__AVR__) || defined(ESP8266)) && !defined(__AVR_ATmega2560__)
    // For UNO and others without hardware serial, we must use software serial...
    // pin #2 is IN from sensor (GREEN wire)
    // pin #3 is OUT from arduino (WHITE wire)
    // Set up the serial port to use softwareserial..
    SoftwareSerial mySerial(2, 3);
    
    #else
    // On Leonardo/M0/etc, others with hardware serial, use hardware serial!
    // #0 is green wire, #1 is white
    #define mySerial Serial1
    
    #endif
    
    
    Adafruit_Fingerprint finger = Adafruit_Fingerprint(&mySerial);
    
    void setup()
    { 
      pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
      digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
      Serial.begin(9600);
      while (!Serial);  // For Yun/Leo/Micro/Zero/...
      delay(100);
      Serial.println("\n\nAdafruit finger detect test");
    
      // set the data rate for the sensor serial port
      finger.begin(57600);
         delay(5);
          lcd.init();                  // 初始化LCD
      lcd.backlight();             //设置LCD背景等亮
    
    
      
      if (finger.verifyPassword()) { 
            lcd.setCursor(0,0);
        lcd.print("Found fingerprint");
        lcd.setCursor(0,1);
        lcd.print(" sensor!");
        Serial.println("Found fingerprint sensor!");
      } else { 
         lcd.setCursor(0,0);
        lcd.print("Unable to found");
        lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
        lcd.print("Sensor");
        Serial.println("Did not find fingerprint sensor :(");
        delay(3000);
        lcd.clear();
        lcd.setCursor(0,0);
        lcd.print("Check Connections");
        while (1) {  delay(1); }
      }
      Serial.println(F("Reading sensor parameters"));
      finger.getParameters();
      Serial.print(F("Status: 0x")); Serial.println(finger.status_reg, HEX);
      Serial.print(F("Sys ID: 0x")); Serial.println(finger.system_id, HEX);
      Serial.print(F("Capacity: ")); Serial.println(finger.capacity);
      Serial.print(F("Security level: ")); Serial.println(finger.security_level);
      Serial.print(F("Device address: ")); Serial.println(finger.device_addr, HEX);
      Serial.print(F("Packet len: ")); Serial.println(finger.packet_len);
      Serial.print(F("Baud rate: ")); Serial.println(finger.baud_rate);
    
      finger.getTemplateCount();
    
      if (finger.templateCount == 0) { 
        Serial.print("Sensor doesn't contain any fingerprint data. Please run the 'enroll' example.");
      }
      else { 
        Serial.println("Waiting for valid finger...");
          Serial.print("Sensor contains "); Serial.print(finger.templateCount); Serial.println(" templates");
      }
    }
    void loop()                     // run over and over again
    { 
      getFingerprintIDez();
      delay(50);       
      //don't ned to run this at full speed.
    }
    
    uint8_t getFingerprintID() { 
      uint8_t p = finger.getImage();
      switch (p) { 
        case FINGERPRINT_OK:
          Serial.println("已拍摄图像");
          break;
        case FINGERPRINT_NOFINGER:
          Serial.println("未检测到手指");
          return p;
        case FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR:
          Serial.println("通讯错误");
          return p;
        case FINGERPRINT_IMAGEFAIL:
          Serial.println("成像错误");
          return p;
        default:
          Serial.println("未知错误");
          return p;
      }
    
      // OK success!
    
      p = finger.image2Tz();
      switch (p) { 
        case FINGERPRINT_OK:
          Serial.println("图像转换");
          break;
        case FINGERPRINT_IMAGEMESS:
          Serial.println("图像太乱");
          return p;
        case FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR:
          Serial.println("Communication error");
          return p;
        case FINGERPRINT_FEATUREFAIL:
          Serial.println("找不到指纹特征");
          return p;
        case FINGERPRINT_INVALIDIMAGE:
          Serial.println("找不到指纹特征");
          return p;
        default:
          Serial.println("未知错误");
          return p;
      }
    
      // OK converted!
      p = finger.fingerSearch();
      if (p == FINGERPRINT_OK) { 
        Serial.println("找到打印匹配项！!");
      } else if (p == FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR) { 
        Serial.println("Communication error");
        return p;
      } else if (p == FINGERPRINT_NOTFOUND) { 
        Serial.println("找不到匹配指纹");
        return p;
      } else { 
        Serial.println("未知错误");
        return p;
      }
    
      // found a match!
      Serial.print("Found ID #"); Serial.print(finger.fingerID);
      Serial.print(" with confidence of "); Serial.println(finger.confidence);
    
      return finger.fingerID;
    }
    
    // returns -1 if failed, otherwise returns ID #
    int getFingerprintIDez() { 
      uint8_t p = finger.getImage();
      if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK)  return -1;
    
      p = finger.image2Tz();
      if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK)  return -1;
    
      p = finger.fingerFastSearch();
      if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK)  return -1;
    
      // found a match!
      Serial.print("Found ID #"); Serial.print(finger.fingerID);
      Serial.print(" with confidence of "); Serial.println(finger.confidence); 
        int angle=50;
          for( angle = 0; angle < 180; angle=angle+4)  //angle+4是舵机的转速设置
      {                                  
        servopulse(angle);               
        delay(10);    
      }
      digitalWrite(10, LOW);   //蜂鸣器发声
      delay(100);                    
      digitalWrite(10, HIGH); 
      delay(100); 
      digitalWrite(10, LOW);   
      delay(100);                      
      digitalWrite(10, HIGH); 
      delay(100); 
      digitalWrite(10, LOW);   
      delay(100);                      
      digitalWrite(10, HIGH);  
      delay(100); 
      digitalWrite(10, LOW);   
      delay(100);                      
      digitalWrite(10, HIGH); 
      delay(3300); //这是拉门的持续时间 3.3秒
    
        for( angle = 180; angle > 0; angle--)  
      {                                  
        servopulse(angle);               
        delay(15);                  
      }  
      return finger.fingerID;
    }

# 教训 #

这套系统因为加上了指纹模块耗电挺大的，充电宝和电池供电不太现实（直接买了40个5号电池发现1天1换，吃不消），还是上插座吧。  
如果真头铁想要用上面2个，可以看看ardunio的休眠模式和看门狗之类的。  
因为我寝室会断电（但是空调插座永不断电），所以晚上要是还想用的话，用继电器+充电宝（能够让机器工作到来电），实现早上插座供电，晚上充电宝供电就可以了，最好早上还能给充电宝充电。

**有帮助的话请点个赞吧**

> 博客： 先空着

> bilibili: 也空着

# 成品 #

![最终版][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzU0MDAzMjUy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzU0MDAzMjUy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221023/448956af4c08404eb19a78ea3db4ad60.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzU0MDAzMjUy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20221023/d03608d0c1e9477fa9582fa18394ffc0.png
[Arduino UNO]: https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37738838/article/details/85045066
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzU0MDAzMjUy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20221023/f44182a828524c0cb609a43336101f9a.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzU0MDAzMjUy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20221023/0e67e2f985ee4d4a850cd5e66423fc8d.png
[20210308185722191.png]: /images/20221023/ae1f6b993ab14fed862830c4cf12fcef.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzU0MDAzMjUy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: /images/20221023/5575678d392c403aa8fd694010cbf88e.png
[20210308185740642.png]: /images/20221023/22287d9e47eb4fdabd5d4aa90e46b3ab.png
[Ardunio]: https://blog.csdn.net/vic_to_ry/article/details/111179259?ops_request_misc=&request_id=&biz_id=102&utm_term=ardunio%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~sobaiduweb~default-2-111179259.first_rank_v2_pc_rank_v29
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