Maven下载、安装、配置、使用及配置Tomcat

ゝ一世哀愁。 2022-10-18 11:20 328阅读 0赞

javaweb中需要使用大量的jar包，需要手动导入，很麻烦，由此Maven诞生了（类似npm、pipenv）

###    **Maven** ###

项目管理工具，方便导入jar包的。

**核心思想**

约定大约配置（制定的约束，必须去这么做），Maven会规定如何编写我们的java代码，必须按照这个规范来。

**下载Maven**  
[http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi][http_maven.apache.org_download.cgi]  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

**Maven环境变量配置**

在我们的系统环境变量中，配置如下：  
**· M2\_HOME ** maven目录下的bin目录  
**· MAVEN\_HOME ** maven目录  
**·** 在系统的path中配置  **%MAVEN\_HOME%\\bin**

**查看Maven的版本**

> mvn -version

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

### **修改Maven配置文件** ###

**（1）配置阿里云镜像**

maven是国外的，所以我们需要配置阿里云镜像，加速访问。

conf文件夹下 -> setting.xml文件 -> 在<mirrors> 标签里添加如下代码：

<mirror>
       <id>nexus-aliyun</id>
       <mirrorOf>*,!jeecg,!jeecg-snapshots</mirrorOf>
       <name>Nexus aliyun</name>
       <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url> 
    </mirror>

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

**（2）创建本地仓库**

建立一个本地仓库 -> 在<settings>里添加如下代码，中间内容是本地仓库地址，我是在maven的安装目录下创建的一个文件夹，来当作本地仓库。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

### **在IDEA中使用maven** ###

**（1）创建maven项目，如果下边你不想使用maven的模板，那么不需要勾选，直接点击 *next *即可！**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

出现如下信息说明maven项目安装成功  
  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

**（2）目录创建分析**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

把java文件标记一个为**源码目录**，把resources变为**资源目录 -> 右键 Mark Directory as**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

# 配置Tomcat #

（1）在IDEA中找到Tomcat，如下图，点击Local

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

（2）会弹出如下窗口

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

（3）警告处理

点击Fix 选中你的项目即可

![20210605184453969.png][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

（4）启动Tomcat  
  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

![20210605185333970.png][]

# pom.xml #

**（1）文件分析**

这个文件是存放于项目有关的一些配置项

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]

**（2）我们手动来配置一个jar包**

首先，要想让maven帮助我们导入一个jar包，需要到maven仓库中去查找你想要的jar包：

[Maven仓库地址][Maven]  ，进去之后搜索你想要的jar包，下边我们以spring Web MVC 为例，点进去会看到如下页面，我们把代码复制下来，  
  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17][]

**（3）Maven由于他的约定大于配置，之后可能会遇到我们写的配置文件无法被导出的问题，或者不生效的问题，所以下边先给出解决方案，以后出了问题，不会慌张**

在 <build>标签中添加如下代码：

<build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

# 补充小知识及问题 #

**1、查看Maven创建的项目中所有jar包依赖树**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18][]

**2、Maven中默认web项目中的web.xml版本问题**

**建议直接复制Tomcat中  webapps\\ROOT\\WEB-INF 下边的web.xml里边的配置即可，始终与Tomcat配置保持一致**  
  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzc4MDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19][]

[http_maven.apache.org_download.cgi]: http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi
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[20210605184453969.png]: /images/20221014/aa2dfcb92ff849868f30c3ea786acf32.png
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[20210605185333970.png]: /images/20221014/6402b8b013d44b94a08b802fcd40fc93.png
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[Maven]: https://mvnrepository.com/tags/maven?__cf_chl_captcha_tk__=be5b73ebe36f7ad18d947bd12d12d1ea1bcd42b9-1622891689-0-AQCcPdQRQoyXNNcKRdtX6LIzhGpKbA1iEWegA7im-7UNcm1OwWjm2LmS6nqaJL9Nww621bRSeC07dHsxXUhT1QWSawEAlfJh-AIM19a6Za-6mwHrCmk-HiQ3ezzDYm-gCYP7goBMDWb8q3aeA15PCu3HMdW7el4OUDrTaRiUdwUjev7GmYLgvbI-yJvIbKXPo7C3CX_xnefdB422qwhjgfkbYAvV2Ed-kWrCc4NxbDjIA4jT6CSe253hrAHLb6OgODiS0DsuktshK5bHFin3yi-4r2D9UD6OZnvVb9avuE20lNLe0hHsZ0Ns61q-bNS0SfUSEJjFCabfoC_CnsHslo9e3Yv1jCUpA0H-Vro6zk6Hq7koBhE3_jFkszvWgaDABl4GazfAzvdb4r0EckMt-5vVsMKkUJH-I-Q3E1CwQXcm8KQExUop4KHh7BJdpH2kYhZi0brgNfBDXdC6gWgvOjhhkB2LbAHtKSSu062iatx2Ga-MeEgLEYLGDM0fTccER6_9RX5G5jq3RbRa08MQVF6wN1mrIDgW-oN3E-8f-YzMfG1EFlnRMO1X8pek4cdCTMG8hs9nWBCwZNavE8xlq8r60Mz_0gT-6EAZdRtej0h0Pzrg3FOGl8RKT8cdueT7bowP2xKBKFB1jANe7hQOdQgHezVMxYlNxP3gUaFVPv3ts3ni3pLEI_bV5GDyQWHc-w
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