js下载url文件

冷不防 2022-10-16 00:46 182阅读 0赞

### 需求 ###

后台返回文件的URL，前端自动下载

### 实现 ###

function download(url, filename){ 
         const elelink = document.createElement("a");
         elelink.style.display = 'none';
         elelink.download = filename;
         elelink.href = url;
         document.body.appendChild(elelink);
         elelink.click();
         document.body.removeChild(elelink);
     }

### 遇到的问题 ###

**当下载文件是txt格式时，浏览器会自动打开。**

**解决方法一**：在服务器后台nginx配置http请求头

server {
        listen 8080;
        location ~ /group([0-9])/M00 {
        if ($request_filename ~* ^.*?.(txt|doc|pdf|rar|gz|zip|docx|exe|xlsx|ppt|pptx)$){
                add_header Content-Disposition attachment;
           }
            root /opt/fastdfs;
            ngx_fastdfs_module;
        }
    }

**解决方法二**：下载文件并保存到本地

// 保存到本地并自动点击
    function saveAs(data, name) { 
        const urlObject = window.URL || window.webkitURL || window;
        const export_blob = new Blob([data]);
        const save_link = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml', 'a');
        save_link.href = urlObject.createObjectURL(export_blob);
        save_link.download = name;
        save_link.click();
    }
    // 下载含有url的文件
    function downloadUrlFile(url, fileName) { 
        const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
        xhr.open('GET', url, true);
        xhr.responseType = 'blob';
        //xhr.setRequestHeader('Authorization', 'Basic a2VybWl0Omtlcm1pdA==');
        // 为了避免大文件影响用户体验，建议加loading
        xhr.onload = () => { 
            if (xhr.status === 200) { 
                // 获取文件blob数据并保存
                saveAs(xhr.response, fileName);
            }
        };
        xhr.send();
    }
    downloadUrlFile(url, fileName);

### 文件type类型 ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>后缀</th> 
   <th>MIME Type</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>.doc</td> 
   <td>application/msword</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>.docx</td> 
   <td>application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>.xls</td> 
   <td>application/vnd.ms-excel</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>.xlsx</td> 
   <td>application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>.ppt</td> 
   <td>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>.pptx</td> 
   <td>application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

本文参考文章：

https://www.cnblogs.com/huchong-bk/p/11846927.html