HTML DOM 入门知识点总结

迷南。 2022-10-12 04:27 160阅读 0赞

### HTML DOM 入门知识点总结 ###

*  HTML DOM
 *   *  节点概念
     *  获取节点
     *  节点的属性
     *  样式
     *  事件
 *  HTML DOM 节点关系
 *   *  基本概念
     *  创建节点
     *  删除节点
     *  替换节点
     *  插入节点
     *  使用场景

> 教程来源：[how2j 的 html dom 教程][how2j _ html dom]

> 详细知识点目录：[【重识 HTML + CSS】知识点目录][HTML _ CSS]

> Gitee 代码：[https://gitee.com/szluyu99/how2j\_front\_note/tree/master/html\_dom][https_gitee.com_szluyu99_how2j_front_note_tree_master_html_dom]

# HTML DOM #

## 节点概念 ##

DOM 是 Document Object Model（文档对象模型）的缩写，它是以面向对象的角度来看待 HTML，比如一个超链接（a 标签），作为一个 DOM 对象，就可以使其隐藏，修改其 `href` 指向的地址。

DOM 把所有的 html 都转换为节点：

*  **整个文档** 是一个节点
 *  **元素** 是节点
 *  **元素属性** 是节点
 *  **元素内容** 是节点
 *  **注释** 也是节点

下例中：

*  通过 `document.getElementById` 获取了 `id='d1'` 的 div 标签对应的**元素节点**
 *  然后通过`attributes` 获取了该节点对应的**属性节点**
 *  接着通过 `childNodes` 获取了**内容节点**  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzczNDA5NQ_size_1_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

<html>
    
    <body>
        <div id="d1">hello HTML DOM</div>
    </body>
    
    <script> function p(s) { document.write(s); document.write("<br>"); } var div1 = document.getElementById("d1"); p("文档节点" + document); p("元素" + div1); p("属性节点" + div1.attributes[0]); p("内容节点" + div1.childNodes[0]); </script>
    
    </html>

## 获取节点 ##

代码：[html\_dom - 获取节点][html_dom -]

*  [getElementById][] 通过 **id** 获取元素节点
 *  [getElementsByTagName][] 通过**标签名称**获取元素节点
 *  [getElementsByClassName][] 通过**类名**获取元素节点
 *  [getElementsByName][] 通过**表单元素的 name** 获取元素节点
 *  [attributes][] 获取属性节点
 *  [childNodes][] 获取内容节点

## 节点的属性 ##

代码：[html\_dom - 节点的属性][html_dom - 1]

*  [nodeName][] 节点名称
 *  [nodeValue][] 节点值
 *  [nodeType][] 节点类型
 *  [innerHTML][] 元素的文本内容
 *  [id value className][] 元素上的属性

练习：

*  [切换不同的图片][Link 1]
 *  [判断输入框的值是否是整数][Link 2]
 *  [验证账号是否存在][Link 3]

## 样式 ##

一个元素节点的 style 属性即对应的 css，代码：[html\_dom - 样式][html_dom - 2]

*  [d.style.display][] 隐藏和显示
 *  [d.style.backgroundColor][] 改变背景色
    
    > css 属性名是 “background-color”，这里是 “backgroundColor”。 [jQuery][] 可以用 css 属性名操作样式

练习：[表格斑马线][Link 4]

## 事件 ##

代码：[html\_dom - 事件][html_dom - 3]

*  [onfocus、onblur][onfocus_onblur] 焦点事件
 *  [onmousedown、onmouseup、onmousemove、onmouseout][onmousedown_onmouseup_onmousemove_onmouseout] 鼠标事件
 *  [onkeydown、onkeypress、onkeyup][onkeydown_onkeypress_onkeyup] 键盘事件
 *  [onclick、ondblclick][onclick_ondblclick] 点击事件
 *  [onchange][] 变化事件
 *  [onsubmit][] 提交事件
 *  [onload][] 加载事件
 *  [this][] 当前组件
 *  [οnsubmit=“return false”][nsubmit_return false] 阻止事件的发生

练习：

*  [下拉菜单][Link 5]
 *  [选中所有 checkbox][checkbox]
 *  [验证账号是否存在][Link 6]

# HTML DOM 节点关系 #

## 基本概念 ##

代码：[html\_dom - 节点关系 - 基本概念][html_dom - _ -]

<div id="parentDiv">
    	<div id="d1">第一个div</div>
    	<div id="d2">第二个div</div>
     	<div id="d3">第三个div</div>
    </div>

以上代码对应的元素节点关系如下图：

> parentDiv 的 children 是 d1 d2 d3

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzczNDA5NQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

*  [parentNode][] 父节点
 *  [previousSibling、nextSibling][previousSibling_nextSibling] 同胞节点
 *  [firstChild、lastChild、childNodes][firstChild_lastChild_childNodes] 子节点  
    childNodes 和 children 都可以获取一个元素节点的子节点  
    childNodes 会包含**文本节点**  
    children 会排除**文本节点**

## 创建节点 ##

代码：[html\_dom - 节点关系 - 创建节点][html_dom - _ - 1]

*  [createElement][] 创建元素节点
 *  [createTextNode][] 创建文本节点
 *  [createAttribute][] 创建属性节点

练习：[动态创建一个表][Link 7]

## 删除节点 ##

代码：[html\_dom - 节点关系 - 删除节点][html_dom - _ - 2]

*  [removeChild][] 删除元素节点
 *  [removeAttribute][] 删除属性节点
 *  [removeChild、innerHTML][removeChild_innerHTML] 删除文本

## 替换节点 ##

[replaceChild][] 替换节点

## 插入节点 ##

代码：[html\_dom - 节点关系 - 创建节点][html_dom - _ - 3]

*  [appendChild][] 在最后追加节点
 *  [insertBefore][] 在前方插入节点

练习：[动态加载js][js]

## 使用场景 ##

代码：[html\_dom - 节点关系 - 使用场景][html_dom - _ - 4]

*  [删除行为前的提示][Link 8]
 *  [验证账号密码是否为空][Link 9]
 *  [提交数据验证长度][Link 10]
 *  [提交数据验证年龄是否数字][Link 11]
 *  [提交数据验证年龄是否为整数][Link 12]
 *  [验证e-mail格式是否正确][e-mail]
 *  [隐藏和显示][Link 13]
 *  [表格排序][Link 14]

[how2j _ html dom]: https://how2j.cn/k/dom/dom-node/457.html?p=128417
[HTML _ CSS]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43734095/article/details/117025820
[https_gitee.com_szluyu99_how2j_front_note_tree_master_html_dom]: https://gitee.com/szluyu99/how2j_front_note/tree/master/html_dom
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[jQuery]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43734095/article/details/113880137
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