vscode调试C程序和Python脚本（简明教程）

╰+哭是因爲堅強的太久メ 2022-10-10 12:45 362阅读 0赞

## 1、前言： ##

以前一直使用notepad++写一些简单的脚本，后来发现vscode这个编辑器挺好用，并且带有丰富的插件。这篇博客主要记录一下如何使用vscode对C程序和Python脚本进行调试，测试代码CSDN下载链接：[测试代码][Link 1]。在博客最后介绍一下vscode比较好用的几个插件。

## 2、vscode调试C程序和Python脚本 ##

**2.1、vscode调试C程序**

1） 由于我们用的平台是windows，首先我们需要安装MinGW（著名C/C++编译器GCC的Windows版本），安装教程可参考[MinGW-w64安装教程][MinGW-w64]

2） 配置好MinGW之后，创建`c_test.c`，将下列代码复制到`c_test.c`中

#include <stdio.h>
     
    int main()
    {
        int a = 10;
        int b = 1002;
        printf("%d", a);
        printf("%d", b);
        for(int i = 0; i< 100; i++)
        {
            a = a + i;
            b = b + i;
            printf("%d", a);
            printf("%d", b);
        }
        /* 我的第一个 C 程序 */
        printf("Hello, World! \n");
     
        return 0;
    }

然后如下图所示，按照顺序依次选择

① 点击 **运行**=>**启动调试**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1JOR191emlf_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
② 选择 **C++（GDB/LLDB）**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1JOR191emlf_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
③ 选择 **gcc.exe 生成和调试活动文件**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1JOR191emlf_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
然后在`c_test.c`程序的根目录下会生成`.vscode`文件夹，生成的`.vscode`文件夹下包含`launch.json`和`tasks.json`文件。  
我们主要对`launch.json`进行如下修改（配置miDebuggerPath的路径）：

**launch.json文件**

{
        // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 
        // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
        // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
        "version": "0.2.0",
        "configurations": [
            {
                "name": "gcc.exe - 生成和调试活动文件",
                "type": "cppdbg",
                "request": "launch",
                "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
                "args": [],
                "stopAtEntry": false,
                "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
                "environment": [],
                "externalConsole": false,
                "MIMode": "gdb",
                "miDebuggerPath": "D:\\Program Files (x86)\\mingw64\\bin\\gdb.exe",  //修改为本地路径
                "setupCommands": [
                    {
                        "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                        "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                        "ignoreFailures": false
                    }
                ],
                "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: gcc.exe 生成活动文件"
            }
        ]
    }

**tasks.json文件**

{
        "tasks": [
            {
                "type": "cppbuild",
                "label": "C/C++: gcc.exe 生成活动文件",
                "command": "D:\\Program Files (x86)\\mingw64\\bin\\gcc.exe",
                "args": [
                    "-g",
                    "${file}",
                    "-o",
                    "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"
                ],
                "options": {
                    "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
                },
                "problemMatcher": [
                    "$gcc"
                ],
                "group": {
                    "kind": "build",
                    "isDefault": true
                },
                "detail": "调试器生成的任务。"
            }
        ],
        "version": "2.0.0"
    }

3）完成上述操作后，我们重新点击 **运行**=>**启动调试** 就可以添加断点调试了。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1JOR191emlf_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
**2.2、vscode调试Python脚本**

1） vscode调试Python脚本很简单，我们首先创建`python_test.py`脚本，将下列程序复制到`python_test.py`脚本中

import os
    import sys
    
    def num_1_100():
        for i in range(100):
            print(i)
    
    num_1_100()

2） 首先**打开文件**=>**首选项**=>**输入settting.json**=>**打开settting.json文件**如下（主要是头两行，为python的路径配置，其他行做为参考可不看）：

{
        "python.pythonPath": "D:\\Users\\wzf\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37\\python.exe",
        "python.linting.enabled": false,//忘了是什么东西了，反正有用
    
        "editor.fontLigatures": null,
        "pyqt-integration.pyrcc.compile.filepath": "${qrc_name}.py",
        "pyqt-integration.pyuic.cmd": "D:\\Users\\wzf\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37\\Scripts\\pyuic5.exe",
        "pyqt-integration.qtdesigner.path": "D:\\Users\\wzf\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37\\Lib\\site-packages\\qt5_applications\\Qt\\bin\\designer.exe",
        "workbench.editorAssociations": {
            "*.ipynb": "jupyter-notebook"
        },
        "editor.fontSize": 15,
        "launch": {
            "version": "0.2.0",
    
            "configurations": [
            
            ],
            "compounds": []
        },
        "security.workspace.trust.untrustedFiles": "open",
        "files.autoSave": "afterDelay",
        "security.workspace.trust.enabled": false,
        "code-runner.clearPreviousOutput": true,
        "code-runner.executorMap": {
    
            "javascript": "node",
            "java": "cd $dir && javac $fileName && java $fileNameWithoutExt",
            "c": "cd $dir && gcc *c -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
            "cpp": "cd $dir && g++ $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
            "objective-c": "cd $dir && gcc -framework Cocoa $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
            "php": "php",
            "python": "python -u",
            "perl": "perl",
            "perl6": "perl6",
            "ruby": "ruby",
            "go": "go run",
            "lua": "lua",
            "groovy": "groovy",
            "powershell": "powershell -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -File",
            "bat": "cmd /c",
            "shellscript": "bash",
            "fsharp": "fsi",
            "csharp": "scriptcs",
            "vbscript": "cscript //Nologo",
            "typescript": "ts-node",
            "coffeescript": "coffee",
            "scala": "scala",
            "swift": "swift",
            "julia": "julia",
            "crystal": "crystal",
            "ocaml": "ocaml",
            "r": "Rscript",
            "applescript": "osascript",
            "clojure": "lein exec",
            "haxe": "haxe --cwd $dirWithoutTrailingSlash --run $fileNameWithoutExt",
            "rust": "cd $dir && rustc $fileName && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
            "racket": "racket",
            "scheme": "csi -script",
            "ahk": "autohotkey",
            "autoit": "autoit3",
            "dart": "dart",
            "pascal": "cd $dir && fpc $fileName && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
            "d": "cd $dir && dmd $fileName && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
            "haskell": "runhaskell",
            "nim": "nim compile --verbosity:0 --hints:off --run",
            "lisp": "sbcl --script",
            "kit": "kitc --run",
            "v": "v run",
            "sass": "sass --style expanded",
            "scss": "scss --style expanded",
            "less": "cd $dir && lessc $fileName $fileNameWithoutExt.css",
            "FortranFreeForm": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
            "fortran-modern": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
            "fortran_fixed-form": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
            "fortran": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt"
        },
        "workbench.editor.enablePreview": false,
        "terminal.integrated.defaultProfile.linux": "",
        "terminal.integrated.automationShell.windows": null,
        "debug.terminal.clearBeforeReusing": true,
        "terminal.integrated.allowMnemonics": true,
        "code-runner.runInTerminal": true,
        "debug.onTaskErrors": "debugAnyway",
        "terminal.integrated.confirmOnExit": true,
        "python.defaultInterpreterPath": "D:\\Users\\wzf\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37\\python.exe",
        "pyqt-integration.pyuic.compile.filepath": "${ui_name}.py",
        "editor.suggestSelection": "first",
        "vsintellicode.modify.editor.suggestSelection": "automaticallyOverrodeDefaultValue",
        "workbench.iconTheme": "material-icon-theme",
        "notebook.cellToolbarLocation": {
            "default": "right",
            "jupyter-notebook": "left"
        }
    }

将上述python路径配置完成之后，点击 **运行**=>**启动调试** => **Python文件**  
就可以正常的调试Python脚本了（需要在本地安装Python）  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1JOR191emlf_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

## 3、vscode常用插件 ##

下面主要介绍一下vscode调试C程序和Python常用的插件。

插件1：**C/C++**![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1JOR191emlf_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
插件2：**Code Runner** （可直接运行C C++ Python Java，但无法调试）  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1JOR191emlf_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
插件3：**LiveCode for python** （直接显示Python脚本变量结果）![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1JOR191emlf_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1JOR191emlf_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]

[Link 1]: https://download.csdn.net/download/RNG_uzi_/19879399
[MinGW-w64]: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/76613134
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