vim操作总结

快来打我* 2022-10-02 05:42 8阅读 0赞

### **常规操作** ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>x</td> 
   <td>删除光标下的字符</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>X</td> 
   <td>删除光标左边的字符</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>s</td> 
   <td>修改一个字符(与r的区别，修改后直接进入Insert模式)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>i</td> 
   <td>光标前插入字符</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>a</td> 
   <td>光标后插入字符</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>A</td> 
   <td>行尾插入字符</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>o</td> 
   <td>光标下方新建一行并进入Insert模式</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>O (字母)</td> 
   <td>光标上方新建一行并进入Insert模式</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>r</td> 
   <td>替换字符(单个)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>R</td> 
   <td>替换字符(多个)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cw</td> 
   <td>替换文本直到单词末尾(ce也可)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>c$</td> 
   <td>替换文本直到行尾</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>dw</td> 
   <td>删除单词 (de, d2w)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>d$</td> 
   <td>删除到行尾</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>D</td> 
   <td>删除到行尾</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>S</td> 
   <td>删除到行为，并进入Insert模式</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>dd</td> 
   <td>删除整行</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>y</td> 
   <td>复制</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>yy</td> 
   <td>复制整行 （yw, ye)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>p</td> 
   <td>粘贴到光标之后</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>P</td> 
   <td>粘贴到光标之前</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>u</td> 
   <td>撤销</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>.</td> 
   <td>重复上一次操作</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>:!</td> 
   <td>执行外部名 (:!dir/:ls)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%</td> 
   <td>查找配对的括号 ), }, ]</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>v motion :w</td> 
   <td>选择性保存</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ctrl + D</td> 
   <td>查看可能的补全</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### **光标移动** ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>h</td> 
   <td>左</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>l</td> 
   <td>右</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>k</td> 
   <td>上</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>j</td> 
   <td>下</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>0 (数字)</td> 
   <td>行首</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>$</td> 
   <td>行尾</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>w</td> 
   <td>下一个单词起始处</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>nw (2w)</td> 
   <td>n可为数字，表示移动两个单词</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>e</td> 
   <td>单词末尾（与w的区别）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>gg</td> 
   <td>文件起始处</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>G</td> 
   <td>文件末尾处</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### **退出** ####

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>:wq</td> 
   <td>保存并退出</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ZZ</td> 
   <td>保存并退出</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>:q!</td> 
   <td>丢弃修改并退出 (q退出，有修改的话q不能退出)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>:e!</td> 
   <td>丢弃修改并打开原文件</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### **查找并替换** ####

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>:s/old/new/g</td> 
   <td>查找old并替换为new，g代表整行匹配</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>:#, #s/old/new</td> 
   <td>#, #代表首尾行号</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>:%s/old/new/g</td> 
   <td>全文匹配替换</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>:%s/old/new/gc</td> 
   <td>全文匹配替换，并每次替换会弹出确认提示</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### **翻页** ####

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ctrl + e</td> 
   <td>向下滚动一行</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ctrl + y</td> 
   <td>向上滚动一行</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ctrl + f</td> 
   <td>向下翻一页</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ctrl + b</td> 
   <td>向上翻一页</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ctrl + u</td> 
   <td>向上翻半页</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ctrl + d</td> 
   <td>向下翻半页</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### **文件操作** ####

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>:e + filename</td> 
   <td>打开新文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>:r + filename</td> 
   <td>读取文件并插入到当前文件</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### **选项设置** ####

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>:set ic</td> 
   <td>忽略大小写</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>:set is</td> 
   <td>部分匹配（like)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>:set hls</td> 
   <td>高亮匹配</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>:set nu</td> 
   <td>显示行号</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### **分屏启动vim** ####

#### **关闭分屏** ####

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ctrl + w&nbsp; c</td> 
   <td>关闭当前窗口（如果是最后一个，无法关闭）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ctrl + w q</td> 
   <td>关闭当前窗口（如果是最后一个，则退出vim)</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### **分屏** ####

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ctrl + w s</td> 
   <td>上下分屏</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ctrl + w v</td> 
   <td>左右分屏</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>:sp filename</td> 
   <td>左右分屏，且打开一个新的文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>:vsp filename</td> 
   <td>上下分屏，且打开一个新的文件</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### **切换分屏（光标切换）** ####

#### **分屏尺寸调整** ####

*  TIPS: (上下分屏生效)

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ctrl + w =</td> 
   <td>所有屏一样高度</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ctrl + w +</td> 
   <td>增加高度</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ctrl + w -</td> 
   <td>减少高度</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/m51cto/2363493