Pywinauto Guideline

「爱情、让人受尽委屈。」 2022-09-30 04:58 172阅读 0赞

# 安装 #

1.安装Python

2.下载SendKeys并安装 ([http://pypi.python.org/pypi/SendKeys][http_pypi.python.org_pypi_SendKeys])

setup.py --install

3.下载pywinauto并安装 ([http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pywinauto/0.4.0][http_pypi.python.org_pypi_pywinauto_0.4.0])

setup.py --install

4. 研究pywinauto包中的文档及例子

# 启动应用程序 #

gWORD2003 = ur"C://Program Files//Microsoft Office//OFFICE11//WINWORD.EXE"

app = application.Application()

app.start\_(gWORD2003)

连接到已运行的应用程序

app = application.Application().connect\_(title\_re = AppName)

# 如何标识一个窗口 #

1.      使用窗口标题

gWizardStr = “Wizard”

MainDlg = app\[gWizardStr\]

窗口标题也可以直接当成一个变量形式使用 (不建议):

MainDlg = app.Wizard

2.      使用正则表达式匹配

dlg=app.window\_(title\_re=".\* Page Setup",class\_name="\#32770")

3.      直接取最上层窗口

MainDlg=app.top\_window\_()

# 如何标识一个控件 #

匹配的顺序为:

a.       Title

b.      Friendly class

c.       Title + Friendly class

使用Title比较简单，如控制Next按钮,下面两种方式有相同的功能:

Dialog.Next.Click()

Dialog\[“Next”\].Click()

Friendly class对于一般的控件比较简单,如:

Dialog.Button1.Click()

Dialog.ComboBox1.Select(1)

注意Button,Button0及Button1都是代表第一个Button. 关于顺序，也要注意如果存在嵌入窗口，则其内部的子控件顺序是依据其在主窗口的顺序而定的。所以使用如下打印出所有控件的标识很有帮助:

*WindowSpecification.print\_control\_identifiers()*

对于自定义的控件，Friendly class 可以通过Visual Studio带的Spy++来查看:

![0_1302795434707b.gif][]

相应的代码为:

canvas = pwin.Afx100000008

# 如何操控Mouse #

示例:

def AdjustSizeOnPreview(WizardDlg,ShiftX,ShiftY):

Offset = 10

OrgRect = WizardDlg.WiaPreviewControl1.Rectangle()

WizardDlg.WiaPreviewControl1.PressMouse(coords = (Offset,Offset))

WizardDlg.WiaPreviewControl1.MoveMouse(coords = (Offset+ShiftX,Offset+ShiftY))

WizardDlg.WiaPreviewControl1.ReleaseMouse()

# 如何发送按键信息 #

Pywinauto使用SendKeys来进行按键处理,可以参考:

[http://www.rutherfurd.net/python/sendkeys/][http_www.rutherfurd.net_python_sendkeys]

1.      发送快捷键

MainWin.TypeKeys("%F") \#按Alt+F

<table style="margin: auto auto auto 69pt; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-border-alt: solid #999999 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"> 
 <thead> 
 <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"> 
 <td style="border-bottom: #dddddd 1pt solid; border-left: #d4d0c8 1pt inset; background-color: transparent; width: 27.15pt; border-top: #d4d0c8 1pt inset; border-right: #cccccc 1pt solid; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #DDDDDD .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 6pt;"> Key </td> 
 <td style="border-bottom: #dddddd 1pt solid; border-left: #d4d0c8; background-color: transparent; width: 47.3pt; border-top: #d4d0c8 1pt inset; border-right: #cccccc 1pt solid; mso-border-top-alt: inset windowtext .25pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #DDDDDD .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 6pt;"> Meaning </td> 
 </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> 
 <td style="border-bottom: #dddddd 1pt solid; border-left: #d4d0c8 1pt inset; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 6pt; width: 27.15pt; padding-right: 6pt; border-top: #d4d0c8; border-right: #cccccc 1pt solid; padding-top: 2.4pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted silver .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #DDDDDD .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt;"> + </td> 
 <td style="border-bottom: #dddddd 1pt solid; border-left: #d4d0c8; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 6pt; width: 47.3pt; padding-right: 6pt; border-top: #d4d0c8; border-right: #cccccc 1pt solid; padding-top: 2.4pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted silver .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #DDDDDD .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt;"> SHIFT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> 
 <td style="border-bottom: #dddddd 1pt solid; border-left: #d4d0c8 1pt inset; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 6pt; width: 27.15pt; padding-right: 6pt; border-top: #d4d0c8; border-right: #cccccc 1pt solid; padding-top: 2.4pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted silver .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #DDDDDD .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt;"> ^ </td> 
 <td style="border-bottom: #dddddd 1pt solid; border-left: #d4d0c8; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 6pt; width: 47.3pt; padding-right: 6pt; border-top: #d4d0c8; border-right: #cccccc 1pt solid; padding-top: 2.4pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted silver .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #DDDDDD .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt;"> CTRL </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> 
 <td style="border-bottom: #dddddd 1pt solid; border-left: #d4d0c8 1pt inset; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 6pt; width: 27.15pt; padding-right: 6pt; border-top: #d4d0c8; border-right: #cccccc 1pt solid; padding-top: 2.4pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted silver .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #DDDDDD .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt;"> % </td> 
 <td style="border-bottom: #dddddd 1pt solid; border-left: #d4d0c8; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 6pt; width: 47.3pt; padding-right: 6pt; border-top: #d4d0c8; border-right: #cccccc 1pt solid; padding-top: 2.4pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted silver .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: inset windowtext .25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #DDDDDD .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt;"> ALT </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

多个按键时可以使用间隔时间:

MainWin.TypeKeys("%IPS",pause=0.5) \#在Word2003打开从扫描仪导入图片的窗口

注意,TypeKeys并不是安全地将按键发送到目标窗口，所以尽量减少使用或者

测试时减小其它操作干扰。

2. 使用SendMessage实现

# 如何操作菜单 #

如果窗口有指定菜单项，则可以很容易地使用它:

pwin.MenuSelect("File->Open")

有时菜单项是用来勾选，并不能直接响应事件，则可以使用如下方式:

sMenu=App\[Title\].MenuItem("File->Save")

sMenu.Click()

\*上面的例子针对有些MenuItem并不会响应MenuSelect()方法。

\*有些Application并不会将菜单项指定给主UI,如Word,这样就不能直接使用菜单方法，而是使用快捷键的方式。下图是Word主UI的展开：

![0_13027954664kJp.gif][]

# 附1.PyWinAuto中的主要类之静态图 #

![0_1302795474lg7G.gif][]

# 附2.枚举窗口所有控件及菜单项 #

def ShowMenuItems(MenuItem,Tabs=""):

if None==MenuItem:

return

Tabs = Tabs+"/t"

for menu in MenuItem.Items():

if(2048!=menu.Type()):

print Tabs,menu.Text()," \[ID:",menu.ID(),"\]"

subMenu=menu.SubMenu()

if None != subMenu:

ShowMenuItems(subMenu,Tabs)

def ShowMenuAndControls(app):

for win in app.Windows\_():

print "Dialog:",win.WindowText()

print "Position:",win.Rectangle()

ShowMenuItems(win.Menu());

if 0<len(win.Children()):

for control in win.Children():

print "Control ID:",control.ControlID()

print "/t Control Type:",control.FriendlyClassName()

print "/t TEXT:",control.WindowText()

print "/t RECT:",control.Rectangle()

if control.IsEnabled():

print "/t Status:Enabled"

else:

print "/t Status:Disabled"

if control.IsVisible():

print "/t Status:Visible"

else:

print "/t Status:Unvisible"

[http_pypi.python.org_pypi_SendKeys]: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/SendKeys
[http_pypi.python.org_pypi_pywinauto_0.4.0]: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pywinauto/0.4.0
[0_1302795434707b.gif]: /images/20220708/a4de985de5fe489c91383c52bb97f47b.png
[http_www.rutherfurd.net_python_sendkeys]: http://www.rutherfurd.net/python/sendkeys/
[0_13027954664kJp.gif]: /images/20220708/f8889be14b0745bfaadbf641d31b347b.png
[0_1302795474lg7G.gif]: /images/20220708/afaddbdf546848e5bffb6f6b373998a5.png