11g oracle安装及建库 （附带图） 迈不过友情╰ 2022-09-27 04:53 98阅读 0赞 安装环境配置 1>配置IP: vi/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 将onboot改为yes setup(一般用于设置启动服务或网络) Network configuration-- Devicesconfiguration--选择所列网卡--Use DHCP空格取消(表示不用DHCP) 填写Static IP(静态IP),Netmask(掩码),Default gateway IP(网关) Save退出(Tab为选择键) 2> service network restart(重启网络服务) 3>ping 配置的IP(检查是否能连通) 4>到客户电脑上连接刚才配好的IP (暂时不需要) 5>vi /etc/sysconfig/network(修改主机名) 将HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain(默认主机名)改为客户所需名 按Esc键输入:wq(保存退出) 6>vi /etc/hosts(设置IP跟主机名对应关系) 增加一行:配置IP 主机名(按下i\[除了Esc键均可\]开始编辑) 保存退出 7>service iptables status(查看防火墙是否关掉,我们需要关掉) 若是防火墙开启 service iptables stop chkconfig iptables off(设置开机时不启动防火墙) service NetworkManager stop chkconfig NetworkManager off 8>getenforce(关掉seLinux权限) 若是没关掉 vi /etc/selinux/config 将SELINUX=后面的改成disabled 保存退出 9>chkconfig sendmail off(开机时关闭sendmail服务,加快开机速度) rhel 5需要 重启完成修改!!! 10>挂载镜像 mount -o loop /dev/cdrom /mnt 挂载镜像 vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repo 新建配置文件，添加如下内容 \[rhel\] name=rhel baseurl=file:///mnt enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 11>安装oracle所需的环境包 yum clean all 清楚缓存软件包 yum list 列出所有已安装和可以安装的软件包 yum install compat-libcap1tiger\* binutils compat-libstdc\* elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gccgcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio libaio-devel libaio-devellibgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBCunixODBC unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel iscsi lsscsi\* -y 安装这些软件包 12>设置oracle用户的shelllimit rhel5 vi /etc/security/limits.conf 向文件中添加如下内容 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 1024 【增加下面的内容到文件 /etc/pam.d/login 中，使shell limit生效： session required/lib/security/pam\_limits.so】 安装10g时需要11g不需要 rhel6 或更高版本则要注意 nproc参数的生效并不是在/etc/security/limits.conf里生效，是需要在 vi /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf 文件中设置 13>建立安装Oracle需要的用户，组，及目录 /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 500 oinstall /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 dba /usr/sbin/useradd -u 500 -g oinstall -G dba oracle passwd oracle 设置密码 输入自定义密码 mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle mkdir –p /u01/app/datafile mkdir –p /u01/app/archive chown oracle:oinstall /u01/ -R chmod 775 /u01/app/oracle/ -R mkdir /rmanbackup chown oracle:oinstall /rmanbackup 创建Oracle的安装目录，并把权限付给oracle用户 13>配置oracle用户的环境变量 su - oracle vi /home/oracle/.bash\_profile 添加如下内容 export ORACLE\_BASE=/u01/app/oracle exportORACLE\_HOME=$ORACLE\_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1 export ORACLE\_SID=orcl export PATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/bin:$PATH 【修改完用：source .bash\_profile生效。】 14>修改系统内核参数su - root vi /etc/sysctl.conf 向其中添加如下内容 kernel.shmmax = 68719476736 kernel.shmall = 4294967296 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip\_local\_port\_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem\_default = 262144 net.core.rmem\_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem\_default = 262144 net.core.wmem\_max = 1048576 运行sysctl -p 从指定文件加载内核参数立刻生效 11g 运行/sbin/sysctl –p 是以上参数生效 10g rhel 7 文件位置/usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf 利用传输工具（SFX）从本机向虚拟机传送所需oracle的压缩包，并在虚拟机上解压 zip压缩文件 unzip 15>图形化界面安装开始 xhost + 图形化链接启动 su - oracle 切换到oracle用户 cd /tmp/database ./runInstaller 运行runInstaller进入图形化安装界面 \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# 此处省略一堆安装截图 ![Image 1][] ![Image 1][] ![Image 1][] ![Image 1][] ![Image 1][] ![Image 1][] ![Image 1][] ![Image 1][] ![Image 1][] ![Image 1][] 点击FIX 根据提示运行脚本修复即可 ![Image 1][] 执行脚本: su - root cd /u01/app/oraInventory/ sh orainstRoot.sh cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1/ sh root.sh 直接回车 \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# 16>创建数据库(此处省略一堆安装截图) su - oracle dbca进入图形化界面 ![Image 1][] ![Image 1][] ![Image 1][] ![Image 1][] ![Image 1][] ![Image 1][] mkdir datafile chown oracle:oinstall datafile ![Image 1][] ![Image 1][] mkdir archive chown oracle:oinstall archive ![Image 1][] ![Image 1][] 将移动标拖到百分之60 然后SGA:PGA = 4：1 ![Image 1][] 17>创建监听(此处省略一堆安装截图) netca进入图像化界面 \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* oracle用户下启动监听 lsnrctl start \* \* 用sqlplus连接数据库: sqlplus / as sysdba \* \* sql下开启数据库startup \* \* \* \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* **让上下键好使的软件**： 1. 执行configure 将安装程序放到linux桌面 cd /root/Desktop/rlwrap-0.42 ./configure 如果报错，执行如下的安装（在root下执行）： yum install readline-devel 安装完成之后，再次configure ./configure make make install 2. 对其进行配置 su - oracle vi .bash\_profile写入如下内容： alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus' alias rman='rlwrap rman' 保存退出，执行source .bash\_profile 18>安装完成后的参数检查与修改。 sqlplus / as sysdba alter system setdeferred\_segment\_creation=FALSE; alter system set audit\_trail=none scope=spfile; alter system set SGA\_MAX\_SIZE =450M scope=spfile; alter system set SGA\_TARGET =450M scope=spfile; alter system set pga\_aggregate\_target =250M scope=spfile; Alter PROFILE DEFAULT LIMITPASSWORD\_LIFE\_TIME UNLIMITED; shutdown immediate; startup SGA\_MAX\_SIZE\\SGA\_TARGET\\pga\_aggregate\_target 保守的设置原则是： SGA\_TARGET=物理内存memory\_target\*0.5 pga\_aggregate\_target=SGA\_TARGET/4 SGA\_TARGET+pga\_aggregate\_target<=memory\_target\*0.6 SGA\_TARGET 等于 SGA\_MAX\_SIZE 根据实际物理内存进行调整。 结束 19>大页内存 如果内存大于等于64G 考虑开启大页内存 大页内存计算方法是： SGA\_MAX\_SIZE 单位是G (SGA\_MAX\_SIZE\*1024/2)+2= 大页内存值 uname -r 查看内核版本 2.4对应的参数是：vm.hugetlb\_pool=大页内存值 2.6对应的参数是：vm.nr\_hugepages=大页内存值 将以上参数值 如vm.hugetlb\_pool=9218 追加到/etc/sysctl.conf最后一行。 在/etc/security/limits.conf文件中增加如下行 oracle soft memlock 18878464 oracle hard memlock 18878464 以上18878464的值替换成 大页内存值\*2\*1024 20>配置开机自启动 如果要求开机自启动数据库 su - oracle mkdir /home/oracle/scripts/ -p vi /home/oracle/scripts/startupdb.sh startupdb.sh脚本内容如下： \#scripts startupdb.sh\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \#!/bin/bash source ~/.bash\_profile lsnrctl start echo "startup" |tee /home/oracle/scripts/startupdb.sql echo "quit" |tee -a /home/oracle/scripts/startupdb.sql sqlplus / as sysdba @/home/oracle/scripts/startupdb.sql \#scripts startupdb.sh\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# 编辑开机启动任务： su - root vi /etc/rc.local 尾行加入： su - oracle -c '/bin/bash/home/oracle/scripts/startupdb.sh' 21>配置rman自动备份 关于crontab命令请自行百度。 记得修改ORACE\_SID和备份文件名称 \[oracle@his01 ~\]$crontab –l ----计划任务 0 23 \* \* 6/home/oracle/scripts/rmanbackup0.sh ----每周六做0级全备 0 23 \* \* 0,1,2,3,4,5/home/oracle/scripts/rmanbackup1.sh ----其他时间做1级备份 \[oracle@his01 ~\]$cat/home/oracle/scripts/rmanbackup0.sh \#!/bin/sh DATE=\`date +%Y-%m-%d\` exportORACLE\_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1 export ORACLE\_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE\_SID=orcl /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1/bin/rmancmdfile /home/oracle/scripts/backup0.sh log=/home/oracle/scripts/log\_rman\_$DATE \[oracle@his01 ~\]$cat/home/oracle/scripts/rmanbackup1.sh \#!/bin/sh DATE=\`date +%Y-%m-%d\` export ORACLE\_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1 export ORACLE\_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE\_SID=dzyyhis1 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1/bin/rmancmdfile /home/oracle/scripts/backup1.sh log=/home/oracle/scripts/log\_rman\_$DATE \[oracle@his01 ~\]$cat/home/oracle/scripts/backup1.sh connect target run \{ allocate channel d1 type disk; backup incremental level 1 format'/rmanbackup/orcl\_inc\_%U' database; sql 'alter system archive log current'; backup format '/rmanbackup/orcl\_arch\_inc\_%U'archivelog all delete input; crosscheck backup; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt obsolete; release channel d1; \} \[oracle@his01 ~\]$cat/home/oracle/scripts/backup0.sh connect target run \{ allocate channel d1 type disk; backup incremental level 0 format'/rmanbackup/orcl\_full\_%U' database include current controlfile; sql 'alter system archive log current'; backup format'/rmanbackup/orcl\_arch\_full\_%U' archivelog all delete input; crosscheck backup; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt obsolete; release channel d1; \} 注意脚本权限的修改 chmod +x/home/oracle/scripts/rmanbackup1.sh chmod +x/home/oracle/scripts/rmanbackup0.sh [Image 1]:
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