构建嵌入式Linux根文件系统jffs2

亦凉 2022-09-20 15:12 201阅读 0赞

移植好了UBOOT和内核之后，便是构建linux根文件系统了。以 [http://blog.chinaunix.net/u1/34474/showart\_485837.html][http_blog.chinaunix.net_u1_34474_showart_485837.html]文章为基础进行修改。

1）创建根文件系统的基本目录结构。  
 我把这个过程做成了shell脚本(文件名为  mkroot ) ，很方便！

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 <td> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">#!&nbsp;/bin/sh &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo&nbsp;"creatint rootfs dir......" &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mkdir rootfs &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cd rootfs &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo&nbsp;"making dir : bin dev etc lib proc sbin sys usr" &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mkdir bin dev etc lib proc sbin sys usr&nbsp;#必备的8个目录 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mkdir usr/bin usr/lib usr/sbin lib/modules</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)"></code> # Don't use mknod ,unless you run this Script as root ! #&nbsp;mknod -m 600 dev/console c 5 1 #&nbsp;mknod -m 666 dev/null c 1 3 &nbsp; <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo&nbsp;"making dir : mnt tmp var" &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mkdir mnt tmp var &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chmod 1777 tmp &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mkdir mnt/etc mnt/jffs2 mnt/yaffs mnt/data mnt/temp &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mkdir var/lib var/lock var/log var/run var/tmp&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chmod 1777 var/tmp</code> &nbsp; <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo&nbsp;"making dir : home root boot" &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mkdir home root boot</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo "done"</code> &nbsp; </td> 
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在你想要建立根文件系统的地方，运行：

`[HongGe@Hzh1024n]$ ./mkroot creatint rootfs dir...... making dir : bin dev etc lib proc sbin sys usr making dir : mnt tmp var making dir : home root boot done [HongGe@Hzh1024n]$ cd rootfs/dev/ [HongGe@Hzh1024n dev]$ su 口令： [root@Hzh1024n dev]# mknod -m 600 console c 5 1;mknod -m 666 null c 1 3;exit exit [HongGe@Hzh1024n dev]$`

`2）配置、编译和安装Busybox-1.9.0,先下载http://www.busybox.net/downloads/`

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 <td> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">[HongGe@Hzh1024n&nbsp;source]$&nbsp;tar&nbsp;-xjvf busybox-1.9.0.tar.bz2&nbsp; </code> </td> 
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修改Makefile文件：

在原有的基础上修改如下：

Busybox Settings --->  
      Installation Options --->  
           \[\*\] Don't use /usr

(/home/work/hzh1024n/rootfs) BusyBox installation prefix

Busybox Library Tuning  --->

\[\*\] Support for /etc/networks

\[\*\]   Additional editing keys

\[\*\]   vi-style line editing commands

(15)  History size

\[\*\]   History saving

\[\*\]   Tab completion

\[\*\]     Username completion

\[\*\]   Fancy shell prompts

Linux Module Utilities  \--->

\[N\] Support version 2.2.x to 2.4.x Linux kernels

Shells  \--->

\---   Ash Shell Options 下的选项全选

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 <td> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">[HongGe@Hzh1024n&nbsp;busybox-1.9.0]$&nbsp;make ...... &nbsp;&nbsp;LINK busybox_unstripped Trying libraries:&nbsp;crypt m &nbsp;Library crypt is needed &nbsp;Library m is needed Final link with:&nbsp;crypt m [HongGe@Hzh1024n&nbsp;busybox-1.9.0]$&nbsp;make install</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">3)安装glibc库</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">&nbsp; 在开发板上只需要加载器和动态库，假设要构建的根文件系统目录为/home/work/hzh1024n/rootfs,操作如下：</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">[HongGe@Hzh1024n&nbsp;busybox-1.9.0]$&nbsp;cd /usr/local/arm/3.3.2/arm-linux/lib</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">[HongGe@Hzh1024n lib]$&nbsp;cp *.so* /home/work/hzh1024n/rootfs/lib -d</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">上面复制的库文件不是每个都会被用到，可以根据应用程序对库的依赖关系保留需要用到的。通过ldd命令可以查看一个程序会用到哪些库，主机自带的ldd命令不能查看交叉编译出来的程序，有以下两种替代方法。</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">*如果有uClibc-0.9.28的代码，可以进入utils子目录生成ldd.host工具。</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">$cd uClibc-0.9.28/utils</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">$make ldd.host</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">然后将生成的ldd.host放到主机/usr/local/bin目录下即可</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">$ldd.host busybox</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">*也可以使用下面命令</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">$arm-linux-readelf -a "your binary" | grep "shared"</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">比如对于动态链接的Busybox，它的库依赖关系如下。</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">&nbsp;0x00000001&nbsp;(NEEDED)&nbsp;Shared library:&nbsp;[libcrypt.so.1] &nbsp;0x00000001&nbsp;(NEEDED)&nbsp;Shared library:&nbsp;[libm.so.6] &nbsp;0x00000001&nbsp;(NEEDED)&nbsp;Shared library:&nbsp;[libc.so.6]</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)"> 4）修改和创建必要的文件。</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)"></code> &nbsp; 
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 <td> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">[HongGe@Hzh1024n&nbsp;busybox-1.9.0]$&nbsp;cp&nbsp;-a examples/bootfloppy/etc/*&nbsp;<a style="color:rgb(255,131,115)" rel="nofollow">/home/work/hzh1024n/rootfs/etc/</a></code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">[HongGe@Hzh1024n&nbsp;busybox-1.9.0]$&nbsp;cd /home/work/hzh1024n/rootfs/etc/</code> </td> 
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 </table> 1、增加为SHELL导入全局变量的文件/etc/profile [HongGe@Hzh1024n&nbsp;etc]$ kwrite profile &nbsp; 
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 <td> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">#&nbsp;/etc/profile:&nbsp;system-wide&nbsp;.profile&nbsp;file&nbsp;for&nbsp;the Bourne shells echo</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">echo&nbsp;"Processing /etc/profile... " #&nbsp;no-op</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)"> #&nbsp;Set&nbsp;search&nbsp;library path echo&nbsp;"Set search library path in /etc/profile" export&nbsp;LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib&nbsp; #&nbsp;Set&nbsp;user path echo&nbsp;"Set user path in /etc/profile" PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin export&nbsp;PATH&nbsp; #&nbsp;Set&nbsp;PS1&nbsp; #注意：ash 除了SHELL变量外，支持\u、\h、\W、\$、\!、\n、\w 、\nnn（ASCII字符对应的八进制数） #以及\e[xx;xxm&nbsp;(彩色特效)等等！ #而且前面还要多加一个&nbsp;'\'！</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)"></code> echo "Set PS1 in /etc/profile" export PS1="\\e[05;32m[$USER@\\w\\a]\\$\\e[00;34m" &nbsp; echo "Done" echo </td> 
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 </table> &nbsp; 2、增加初始化文件 [HongGe@Hzh1024n&nbsp;etc]$ kwrite inittab 
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 <td>::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS ::restart:/sbin/init ::askfirst:-/bin/sh ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a</td> 
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 </table> &nbsp; [HongGe@Hzh1024n&nbsp;etc]$ kwrite fstab 
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 <td> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">proc&nbsp;&nbsp;/proc&nbsp;proc&nbsp;defaults&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp;0</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">tmpfs&nbsp;/tmp&nbsp;tmpfs&nbsp;defaults&nbsp;0&nbsp;0 sysfs&nbsp;/sys&nbsp;sysfs&nbsp;defaults&nbsp;0&nbsp;0 tmpfs&nbsp;/dev&nbsp;tmpfs&nbsp;&nbsp;defaults&nbsp;0&nbsp;0</code> </td> 
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 </table> &nbsp; 3、增加初始化脚本 [HongGe@Hzh1024n&nbsp;etc]$ kwrite init.d/rcS 
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 <td> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">#! /bin/sh ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.67 echo "----------mount all" /bin/mount -a /bin/mkdir /dev/pts echo "----------Starting mdev......" /bin/mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts /bin/echo /sbin/mdev &gt; /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug mdev -s</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">echo "*********************************************************" echo "&nbsp; HongGe Hzh1024n rootfs&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; " echo "&nbsp;&nbsp; Wellcome&nbsp; ! !&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; " echo "********************************************************"</code> </td> 
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 </table> &nbsp; 4、删除备份文件 [HongGe@Hzh1024n&nbsp;etc]$ rm *~ init.d/*~ &nbsp; 5、为mdev创建配置文件 [HongGe@Hzh1024n&nbsp;etc]$ vi mdev.conf 创建一个mdev.conf文件，内容可有可无。 &nbsp; 到此为止一个基本的根文件系统已经制作成功，下一步是挂载jffs2根文件系统。 <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">如果要以挂载JFFS2格式的根文件系统，其基本方法就是将这个建立好的根文件系统制作成jffs2镜像，烧到FLASH中，改改Linux的启动参数即可。</code> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)"></code> 
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 &nbsp; 
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 具体做法如下： 
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 一、宿主机HOST编译制做MTD工具 
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 &nbsp; 
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 从&nbsp; 
 <a href="http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/" style="color:rgb(255,131,115)" rel="nofollow">http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/</a>下载mtd-utils 的tarball，可以下载最新的。然后解压，并在其目录下 make 就好！ 
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 &nbsp; 
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 二、制作根文件系统的JFFS2镜像。 
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 &nbsp; 
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 使用MTD工具中的mkfs.jffs2命令，具体做法如下： 
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 <td> <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">mkfs.jffs2&nbsp;-r&nbsp;/home/work/hzh1024n/rootfs&nbsp;-o rootfs.jffs2&nbsp;-e 0x4000&nbsp;--pad=0x500000&nbsp;-s 0x200&nbsp;-n</code> </td> 
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 &nbsp; 
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 各参数的意义： 
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 (1)-r ： 指定要做成image的源資料夾.&nbsp; 
 (2)-o : 指定輸出image檔案的文件名.&nbsp; 
 (3)-e : 每一塊要抹除的block size，預設是64KB.&nbsp;要注意，不同的flash, 其block size會不一樣.&nbsp;我的是三星的K9F1208U0B. 
 (4)--pad （-p）: 用16進制來表示所要輸出檔案的大小，也就是root.jffs2的size。很重要的是, 為了不浪費flash空間, 這個值最好符合flash driver所規劃的區塊大小.以我的板子來說，就是5MB.&nbsp; 
 (5)如果挂载后会出现类似：CLEANMARKER node found at 0x0042c000 has totlen 0xc != normal 0x0&nbsp;&nbsp;的警告，则加上 -n 就会消失。&nbsp; 
 (6)&nbsp;还有的选项，自己看帮助！-h 
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 &nbsp; 
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 三、烧写JFFS2镜像到NAND FLASH。 
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 将 rootfs.jffs2烧写到FLASH中，注意内核挂载文件系统的参数，按照参数把文件系统烧写到相关的位置当中。然后启动开发板。 
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 <td><code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)"></code> Uncompressing Linux........................................................................................................&nbsp;done,&nbsp;booting the kernel. Linux version 2.6.22.6&nbsp;(HongGe<a href="mailto:HongGe@Hzh1024n" style="color:rgb(255,131,115)" rel="nofollow">@Hzh1024n</a>)&nbsp;(gcc version 3.3.2)&nbsp;#1&nbsp;Wed Feb&nbsp;07 11:18:36 CST 2008 CPU:&nbsp;ARM920T&nbsp;[41129200]&nbsp;revision 0&nbsp;(ARMv4T),&nbsp;cr=c0007177 Machine:&nbsp;Hzh1024n Memory policy:&nbsp;ECC disabled,&nbsp;Data cache writeback CPU S3C2440A&nbsp;(id 0x32440001) S3C244X:&nbsp;core 405.000 MHz,&nbsp;memory 101.250 MHz,&nbsp;peripheral 50.625 MHz S3C24XX Clocks,&nbsp;(c)&nbsp;2004 Simtec Electronics CLOCK:&nbsp;Slow mode&nbsp;(1.500 MHz),&nbsp;fast,&nbsp;MPLL on,&nbsp;UPLL on CPU0:&nbsp;D VIVT write-back cache CPU0:&nbsp;I cache:&nbsp;16384 bytes,&nbsp;associativity 64,&nbsp;32&nbsp;byte&nbsp;lines,&nbsp;8&nbsp;sets CPU0:&nbsp;D cache:&nbsp;16384 bytes,&nbsp;associativity 64,&nbsp;32&nbsp;byte&nbsp;lines,&nbsp;8&nbsp;sets Built 1 zonelists&nbsp;in&nbsp;Zone order,&nbsp;mobility grouping on.&nbsp;Total pages:&nbsp;16256 Kernel command line:&nbsp;noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 rw console=ttySAC0,115200 init=/linuxrc mem=64M irq:&nbsp;clearing pending ext status 00000200 irq:&nbsp;clearing subpending status 00000003 irq:&nbsp;clearing subpending status 00000002 PID hash table entries:&nbsp;256&nbsp;(order:&nbsp;8,&nbsp;1024 bytes) timer tcon=00500000,&nbsp;tcnt a4ca,&nbsp;tcfg 00000200,00000000,&nbsp;usec 00001e57 Console:&nbsp;colour dummy device 80x30 console&nbsp;[ttySAC0]&nbsp;enabled Dentry cache hash table entries:&nbsp;8192&nbsp;(order:&nbsp;3,&nbsp;32768 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries:&nbsp;4096&nbsp;(order:&nbsp;2,&nbsp;16384 bytes) Memory:&nbsp;64MB&nbsp;=&nbsp;64MB total Memory:&nbsp;61464KB available&nbsp;(2960K code,&nbsp;306K data,&nbsp;120K init) Mount-cache hash table entries:&nbsp;512 CPU:&nbsp;Testing write buffer coherency:&nbsp;ok net_namespace:&nbsp;64 bytes NET:&nbsp;Registered protocol family 16 S3C2410 Power Management,&nbsp;(c)&nbsp;2004 Simtec Electronics S3C2440:&nbsp;Initialising architecture S3C2440:&nbsp;IRQ Support S3C2440:&nbsp;Clock Support,&nbsp;DVS off S3C24XX DMA Driver,&nbsp;(c)&nbsp;2003-2004,2006 Simtec Electronics DMA channel 0 at c4800000,&nbsp;irq 33 DMA channel 1 at c4800040,&nbsp;irq 34 DMA channel 2 at c4800080,&nbsp;irq 35 DMA channel 3 at c48000c0,&nbsp;irq 36 usbcore:&nbsp;registered new interface driver usbfs usbcore:&nbsp;registered new interface driver hub usbcore:&nbsp;registered new device driver usb NET:&nbsp;Registered protocol family 2 IP&nbsp;route cache hash table entries:&nbsp;1024&nbsp;(order:&nbsp;0,&nbsp;4096 bytes) TCP established hash table entries:&nbsp;2048&nbsp;(order:&nbsp;2,&nbsp;16384 bytes) TCP bind hash table entries:&nbsp;2048&nbsp;(order:&nbsp;1,&nbsp;8192 bytes) TCP:&nbsp;Hash tables configured&nbsp;(established 2048 bind 2048) TCP reno registered NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97&nbsp;(double precision) JFFS2 version 2.2.&nbsp;(NAND)&nbsp;©;&nbsp;2001-2006 Red Hat,&nbsp;Inc. fuse init&nbsp;(API version 7.9) yaffs Feb 15 2008 10:10:34 Installing. io scheduler noop registered io scheduler anticipatory registered&nbsp;(default) io scheduler deadline registered io scheduler cfq registered Serial:&nbsp;8250/16550 driver $Revision:&nbsp;1.90 $ 4 ports,&nbsp;IRQ sharing enabled s3c2440-uart.:&nbsp;s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000&nbsp;(irq&nbsp;=&nbsp;70)&nbsp;is a S3C2440 s3c2440-uart.1:&nbsp;s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000&nbsp;(irq&nbsp;=&nbsp;73)&nbsp;is a S3C2440 s3c2440-uart.2:&nbsp;s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000&nbsp;(irq&nbsp;=&nbsp;76)&nbsp;is a S3C2440 RAMDISK driver initialized:&nbsp;16 RAM disks&nbsp;of&nbsp;4096K&nbsp;size&nbsp;1024 blocksize loop:&nbsp;module loaded dm9000 Ethernet Driver eth0:&nbsp;dm9000 at f6100300,f6100304 IRQ 51 MAC:&nbsp;08:08:08:08:12:27 Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision:&nbsp;7.00alpha2 ide:&nbsp;Assuming 50MHz system bus speed&nbsp;for&nbsp;PIO modes;&nbsp;override with idebus=xx S3C24XX NAND Driver,&nbsp;(c)&nbsp;2004 Simtec Electronics s3c2440-nand s3c2440-nand:&nbsp;Tacls=1,&nbsp;9ns Twrph0=4 39ns,&nbsp;Twrph1=1 9ns NAND device:&nbsp;Manufacturer ID:&nbsp;0xec,&nbsp;Chip ID:&nbsp;0x76&nbsp;(Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit) Scanning device&nbsp;for&nbsp;bad blocks Bad eraseblock 3579 at 0x037ec000 Creating 7 MTD partitions on&nbsp;"NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit": 0x00000000-0x00020000&nbsp;:&nbsp;"U-Boot-1.2.0" 0x00020000-0x00030000&nbsp;:&nbsp;"U-Boot-1.2.0 Parameter" 0x00030000-0x00500000&nbsp;:&nbsp;"Linux2.6.22.6 Kernel" 0x00500000-0x00a00000&nbsp;:&nbsp;"Root(cramfs)" 0x00a00000-0x00f00000&nbsp;:&nbsp;"Root(JFFS2)" 0x00f00000-0x01400000&nbsp;:&nbsp;"Root(YAFFS)" 0x01400000-0x04000000&nbsp;:&nbsp;"DATA" usbmon:&nbsp;debugfs is&nbsp;not&nbsp;available s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci:&nbsp;S3C24XX OHCI s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci:&nbsp;new USB bus registered,&nbsp;assigned bus number 1 s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci:&nbsp;irq 42,&nbsp;io mem 0x49000000 usb usb1:&nbsp;configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice hub 1-:1.:&nbsp;USB hub found hub 1-:1.:&nbsp;2 ports detected mice:&nbsp;PS/2 mouse device common&nbsp;for&nbsp;all mice S3C24XX RTC,&nbsp;(c)&nbsp;2004,2006 Simtec Electronics s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc:&nbsp;rtc disabled,&nbsp;re-enabling s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc:&nbsp;rtc core:&nbsp;registered s3c as rtc0 s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c:&nbsp;slave address 0x10 s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c:&nbsp;bus frequency set to 98 KHz s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c:&nbsp;i2c-:&nbsp;S3C I2C adapter S3C2410 Watchdog Timer,&nbsp;(c)&nbsp;2004 Simtec Electronics s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt:&nbsp;watchdog inactive,&nbsp;reset disabled,&nbsp;irq enabled TCP cubic registered NET:&nbsp;Registered protocol family 1 RPC:&nbsp;Registered udp transport module. RPC:&nbsp;Registered tcp transport module. s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc:&nbsp;setting system clock to 2008-02-17 12:46:08 UTC&nbsp;(1203252368) VFS:&nbsp;Mounted root&nbsp;(jffs2 filesystem). Freeing init memory:&nbsp;120K init started:&nbsp;BusyBox v1.9.1&nbsp;(2008-02-16 15:04:08 CST) starting pid 779,&nbsp;tty&nbsp;'':&nbsp;'/etc/init.d/rcS' ----------mount all ----------Starting mdev...... ********************************************************* &nbsp;&nbsp;HongGe Hzh1024n rootfs&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Wellcome&nbsp; ! !&nbsp; <code style="color:rgb(64,170,83)">******************************************************** starting pid 783,&nbsp;tty&nbsp;'':&nbsp;'/bin/login' (none)&nbsp;login:&nbsp;root Password: login[783]:&nbsp;root login on&nbsp;'console' Processing /etc/profile... Set search library path&nbsp;in&nbsp;/etc/profile Set user path&nbsp;in&nbsp;/etc/profile Set PS1&nbsp;in&nbsp;/etc/profile Done [root@~]#</code> </td> 
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 </div> 成功！！！ 文章来自：<a href="http://my.oschina.net/u/137617/blog/27765" rel="nofollow">http://my.oschina.net/u/137617/blog/27765</a> </td> 
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[http_blog.chinaunix.net_u1_34474_showart_485837.html]: http://blog.chinaunix.net/u1/34474/showart_485837.html