10-Linux-fdisk

╰+哭是因爲堅強的太久メ 2022-09-20 12:49 127阅读 0赞

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# 概述 #

fdisk是IBM开发的分区工具,支持绝大所属OS.  
Linux的发行版本基本都装有fdisk, 在rescue模式下仍可使用.  
fdisk基于MBR, 因此使用GPT分区机制的无法使用fdisk

# 相关 #

fdisk命令使用权限: root  
fdisk -l 列出所有安装的磁盘及其分区信息  
fdisk /dev/sda 可以对目标磁盘进行分区操作  
partprobe 更新分区信息, 否则需要重启才可识别新分区  
文件/proc/partitions 参看该文件可了解分区信息

# 操作 #

fdisk -l 查看磁盘及分区信息

Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x000acc0a
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1               1         262     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    /dev/sda2   *         262        1045     6290432   83  Linux

fdisk /dev/sdb 进入fdisk的交互界面

[root@wuqinfei wuqinfei]# fdisk /dev/sdb
    Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x7e5f041d.
    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
    
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    
    WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
             switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
             sectors (command 'u').
    
    Command (m for help):

帮助信息

Command (m for help): m
    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p print the partition table

Command (m for help): p
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x7e5f041d
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    
    Command (m for help):

创建 主分区 /dev/sdb1 大小256M

Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-130, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130): +256M
    
    Command (m for help): p
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x7e5f041d
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1               1          34      273073+  83  Linux

创建 扩展分区 /dev/sdb2 大小为剩下的所有空间

Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    e
    Partition number (1-4): 2
    First cylinder (35-130, default 35):
    Using default value 35
    Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (35-130, default 130):
    Using default value 130
    
    Command (m for help): p
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x7e5f041d
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1               1          34      273073+  83  Linux
    /dev/sdb2              35         130      771120    5  Extended

创建 逻辑分区 /dev/sdb5 大小256M (注: 逻辑分区从分区号5开始)

Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       l   logical (5 or over)
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    l
    First cylinder (35-130, default 35):
    Using default value 35
    Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (35-130, default 130): +256M
    
    Command (m for help): p
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x7e5f041d
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1               1          34      273073+  83  Linux
    /dev/sdb2              35         130      771120    5  Extended
    /dev/sdb5              35          68      273073+  83  Linux

更改分区类型  
82 Linux swap / So  
83 Linux  
85 Linux extended

Command (m for help): t
    Partition number (1-5): 5
    Hex code (type L to list codes): l
    
     0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris
     1  FAT12           39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
     2  XENIX root      3c  PartitionMagic  83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
     3  XENIX usr       40  Venix 80286     84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
     4  FAT16 <32M      41  PPC PReP Boot   85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx
     5  Extended        42  SFS             86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data
     6  FAT16           4d  QNX4.x          87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
     7  HPFS/NTFS       4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility
     8  AIX             4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt
     9  AIX bootable    50  OnTrack DM      93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access
     a  OS/2 Boot Manag 51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O
     b  W95 FAT32       52  CP/M            9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor
     c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs
     e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT
     f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55  EZ-Drive        a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
    10  OPUS            56  Golden Bow      a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
    11  Hidden FAT12    5c  Priam Edisk     a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor
    12  Compaq diagnost 61  SpeedStor       a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor
    14  Hidden FAT16 <3 63  GNU HURD or Sys ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary
    16  Hidden FAT16    64  Novell Netware  af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS
    17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 65  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE
    18  AST SmartSleep  70  DiskSecure Mult b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
    1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep
    1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT
    1e  Hidden W95 FAT1
    Hex code (type L to list codes): 83

将分区表写入

Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    [root@wuqinfei wuqinfei]# ls /dev/sdb*
    /dev/sdb  /dev/sdb1  /dev/sdb2  /dev/sdb5 
     
     
    
    
    
    
        partprobe   让内核更新分区信息
    
     [root@wuqinfei wuqinfei]# partprobe
    Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sda (Device or resource busy).  As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.
    Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr1 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr1 has been opened read-only.
    [root@wuqinfei wuqinfei]#
     
    
    
    
        fdisk -l
    
     [root@wuqinfei wuqinfei]# fdisk -l
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x05424238
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1               1          34      273073+  83  Linux
    /dev/sdb2              35         130      771120    5  Extended
    /dev/sdb5              35          68      273073+  83  Linux
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x000acc0a
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1               1         262     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    /dev/sda2   *         262        1045     6290432   83  Linux
     
    
    
    
        cat /proc/partitions
    
     
     [root@wuqinfei wuqinfei]# cat /proc/partitions
    major minor  #blocks  name
    
       8       16    1048576 sdb
       8       17     273073 sdb1
       8       18          1 sdb2
       8       21     273073 sdb5
       8        0    8388608 sda
       8        1    2097152 sda1
       8        2    6290432 sda2

[SouthEast]: /images/20220828/f4b3d747f7a240a4949615bd9d55145d.png