IOS 之网络通信Web Servic

迈不过友情╰ 2022-09-19 04:24 165阅读 0赞

Web Service使用的是HTTP协议,并使用URI来定位资源.数据交换格式使用的是JSON和XML等,所支持的方法包括POST,GET,PUT,DELETE等.

下面介绍一下这些IOS SDK通信类的使用方法:

同步GET通信方法:

-(void)startRequest
    {
        NSString *strURL = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://xxxx.com/xxx/xx.jsp?email=%@&type=%@&action=%@", @"samrtian@xx.com", @"JSON", @"query"];
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[self URLEncodedString:strURL]]; //网络传输的时候不能有中文等特殊字符,如果有得转换一下
        NSURLRequest *request = [[NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url];
        NSData *data = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:Nil error:nil];
        //线程处于一直等待中完成后开始执行下边
        NSDictionary *resDict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:NSJSONReadingAllowFragments error:nil];
    }

//这是另一种初始化方法

\- (id)initWithURL:(NSURL \*)theURL cachePolicy:(NSURLRequestCachePolicy)cachePolicy timeoutInterval:(NSTimeInterval)timeoutInterval

cachePolicy属性可以有以下几个定义

enum \{     NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy = 0,     //默认的缓存策略,由协议定义

NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalCacheData = 1,    //忽略缓存直接从原始地址请求

NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData =4,    //忽略本地和远程的缓存数据,直接从原始地址请求

NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringCacheData = NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalCacheData,

NSURLRequestReturnCacheDataElseLoad = 2,    //只有在没有缓存数据时从原始地址请求

NSURLRequestReturnCacheDataDontLoad = 3,    //只使用缓存数据,如果不存在缓存,就会抛出异常,请求失败,用于离线模式

NSURLRequestReloadRevalidatingCacheData = 5 \};  //验证本地缓存数据与远程数据是否相同,如果相同则使用本地缓存数据,否则请求远程数据.

typedef NSUInteger NSURLRequestCachePolicy;

//中文字符转换方法

-(NSString *)URLEncodedString:(NSString *)string
    {    //Core Foundation框架提供的C函数,可以把内容转换成为URL编码
        NSString *result = (NSString *)CFBridgingRelease(CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes(kCFAllocatorDefault,
            (CFStringRef)string, //要转换的字符串
            NULL, //本身为非法URL字符但不进行编码的字符集合
            CFSTR("+$,#[] "), //本身为合法的URL字符但需要进行编码的字符集合
            kCFStringEncodingUTF8));
        
        return result;
    }

异步GET通信方法:

异步的GET方法通过NSURLConnectionDelegate协议来调用的.协议方法如下

-(void)startAsyRequest
    {
        NSString *strURL = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://xxxx.com/xxx/xx.jsp?email=%@&type=%@&action=%@", @"samrtian@xx.com", @"JSON", @"query"];
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[self URLEncodedString:strURL]]; //网络传输的时候不能有中文等特殊字符,如果有得转换一下
        NSURLRequest *request = [[NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url];
        NSURLConnection *connection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self];
        if ( connection ) {
            _data = [NSMutableData new];
        }
    }
    
    //失败时回调方法
    -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error
    {
        NSLog(@"%@", [error description]);
    }
    //接收数据时调用
    -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
    {
        [_data appendData:data];
    }
    //接收完成时调用
    -(void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection
    {
        NSDictionary *dict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithStream:_data options:NSJSONReadingAllowFragments error:nil];
    }

同步POST通信方法:

//第一步，创建URL
    
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.hudong.com/iphonexml.do"];
        //第二步，创建请求
        NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc]initWithURL:url cachePolicy:NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy timeoutInterval:10];
        [request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];//设置请求方式为POST，默认为GET
        NSString *str = @"type=focus-c";//设置参数
        NSData *data = [str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
        [request setHTTPBody:data];1
        //第三步，连接服务器
        NSData *received = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:nil error:nil];
        NSString *str1 = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:received encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
        NSLog(@"%@",str1);

异步POST通信方法:

-(void)startAsyPostRequest
    {
        NSString *strURL = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://xxxx.com/xxx/xx.jsp"];
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[self URLEncodedString:strURL]]; //网络传输的时候不能有中文等特殊字符,如果有得转换一下
        NSString *post = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"email=%@&type=%@&action=%@", @"xxx@mail.com", @"JSON", @"query"];
        NSData *postData = [post dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
        NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
        [request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];
        [request setHTTPBody:postData];
        
        NSURLConnection *connection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self];
        if ( connection ) {
            _data = [NSMutableData new];
        }
    }
    
    //失败时回调方法
    -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error
    {
        NSLog(@"%@", [error description]);
    }
    //接收数据时调用
    -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
    {
        [_data appendData:data];
    }
    //接收完成时调用
    -(void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection
    {
        NSDictionary *dict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithStream:_data options:NSJSONReadingAllowFragments error:nil];
    }

下边介绍一下第三方的HTTP框架

ASIHTTPRequest框架是基于OC的优秀的第三方HTTP框架,支持MAC OS 和 IOS下的开发.

下载地址: https://github.com/pokeb/asi-http-request/tree

技术支持: http://allseeing-i.com/ASIHTTPRequest

框架的优点如下:

1.支持将下载的数据放在内存或本地文件中

2.容易访问请求和应答HTTP头

3.支持cookie

4.支持gzip请求或应答

5.缓存

6.支持同步或异步请求

7.支持HTTPS

但是不支持ARC. 如果要在ARC下开发配置起来还是比较麻烦的.

第一步为工程添加支持的类库和框架

CFNetwork.framework

SystemConfiguration.framework

MobileCoreServices.framework

CoreGraphics.framework

libz.dylib

libxml2.dylib

编译的时候如果提示找不头文件那么指定头文件查找路径为$\{SDK\_DIR\}/usr/include/libxml2 就行了

第二步为修改编译参数让编译的时候对这些不支持ARC的文件跳过

如图:![SouthEast][]

到此,配置OK

下边是代码部分

同步GET请求

#import "ASIHTTPRequest.h"
    
    -(void)startSyGetRequest
    {
        NSString *strURL = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://xxxx.com/xxx/xx.jsp?email=%@&type=%@&action=%@", @"samrtian@xx.com", @"JSON", @"query"];
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[self URLEncodedString:strURL]]; //网络传输的时候不能有中文等特殊字符,如果有得转换一下
        ASIHTTPRequest *request = [ASIHTTPRequest requestWithURL:url];
        [request startSynchronous];
        
        NSError *erro = [request error];
        //线程处于一直等待中完成后开始执行下边
        if ( !error ) {
            NSData *data = [request responseData];
            NSDictionary *resDict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:NSJSONReadingAllowFragments error:nil];
        }
    }

同步POST请求

#import "ASIFormDataRequest.h"
    
    -(void)startSyPostRequest
    {
        NSString *strURL = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://xxxx.com/xxx/xx.jsp"];
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[self URLEncodedString:strURL]]; //网络传输的时候不能有中文等特殊字符,如果有得转换一下
        ASIFormDataRequest *request = [ASIFormDataRequest requestWithURL:url];
        [request setPostValue:@"xx@mail.com" forKey:@"email"];
        [request setPostValue:@"JSON" forKey:@"type"];
        [request setPostValue:@"query" forKey:@"action"];
        
        [request startSynchronous];
        NSError *error = [request error];
        //线程处于一直等待中完成后开始执行下边
        if ( !error ) {
            NSData *data = [request responseData];
            NSDictionary *resDict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:NSJSONReadingAllowFragments error:nil];
        }
    }

异步GET和POST请求

-(void)startSyGetRequest
    {
        NSString *strURL = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://xxxx.com/xxx/xx.jsp?email=%@&type=%@&action=%@", @"samrtian@xx.com", @"JSON", @"query"];
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[self URLEncodedString:strURL]]; //网络传输的时候不能有中文等特殊字符,如果有得转换一下
        ASIHTTPRequest *request = [ASIHTTPRequest requestWithURL:url];
        [request setDelegate:self];
        [request startAsynchronous];
    }
    
    -(void)requestFinished:(ASIHTTPRequest *)request
    {
        NSData *data = [request responseData];
    }
    
    -(void)requestFailed:(ASIHTTPRequest *)request
    {
        NSError *error = [request error];
        NSLog(@"%@", [error description]);
    }

这两个的委托方法都是一样的.POST的就不说了.还可以自定义回调方法

\[request setDidFinishSelector:@selector(xxx)\];

ASIHTTPRequest还支持队列并发功能.代码如下

#import "ASIHTTPRequest.h"
    #import "ASINetworkQueue.h"
    
    -(void)startSyGetRequest
    {
        ASINetworkQUeue *networkQueue;
        networkQueue = [[ASINetworkQueue alloc] init];
        
        //停止以前的队列
        [networkQueue cancelAllOperations];
        
        //创建ASI队列
        [networkQueue setDelegate:self];
        [networkQueue setRequestDidFinishSelector:@selector(requestFinished:)];
        ...
        for (int i = 1; i < 3; i++) {
            NSString *strURL = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://xxxx.com/xxx/xx.jsp?email=%@&type=%@&action=%@", @"samrtian@xx.com", @"JSON", @"query"];
            NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[self URLEncodedString:strURL]]; //网络传输的时候不能有中文等特殊字符,如果有得转换一下
            ASIHTTPRequest *request = [ASIHTTPRequest requestWithURL:url];
            request.tag = i;
            [networkQueue addOperation:request];
        }
        [networkQueue go];
    }
    
    -(void)requestFinished:(ASIHTTPRequest *)request
    {
        NSData *data = [request responseData];
        if ( request.tag == 1 ) {
        }else if ( request.tag == 2 )
        {
        }
    }

上传数据用POST

#import "ASIFormDataRequest.h"
    
    -(void)Updata
    {
        NSString *strURL = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://xxxx.com/xxx/xx.jsp"];
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[self URLEncodedString:strURL]]; //网络传输的时候不能有中文等特殊字符,如果有得转换一下
        ASIFormDataRequest *request = [ASIFormDataRequest requestWithURL:url];
        [request setPostValue:@"xx@mail.com" forKey:@"email"];
        [request setPostValue:@"updata" forKey:@"action"];
        NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"test1" ofType:@"jpg"];
        [request setFile:path forKey:@"file"];
        
        [request setDelegate:self];
        [request setDidFinishSelector:@"requestSucess:"];
        [request startAsynchronous];
    }
    
    -(void)requestSucess:(ASIHTTPRequest *)request
    {
        NSLog(@"上传文件成功");
    }

总之这章内容好多,得多加练习

[SouthEast]: /images/20220828/ae4edb5f491946d38547f7466a18a7df.png