通过Java访问国内Azure服务

Myth丶恋晨 2022-09-19 04:13 169阅读 0赞

随着Azure服务在国内的开展，不少Java用户也开始在国内Azure部署应用。不过，目前有一个问题，是关于证书。国内Azure服务HTTPS端点的证书，是由CNNIC颁发的，而CNNIC作为一个根证书颁发机构，不被Oracle JDK信任。如果通过Oracle JDK开发一个应用，要去访问国内Azure的各种HTTPS地址，比如管理API、Service Bus、存储URL、SQL数据库等等，都会遇到类似下面的问题

Dec 13, 2013 8:35:57 PM com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.TDSChannel enableSSL
    INFO: java.security path: C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\lib\security
    Security providers: [SUN version 1.6, SunRsaSign version 1.5, SunJSSE version 1.6, SunJCE version 1.6, SunJGSS version 1.0, SunSASL version 1.5, XMLDSig version 1.0, SunPCSC version 1.6]
    SSLContext provider info: Sun JSSE provider(PKCS12, SunX509 key/trust factories, SSLv3, TLSv1)
    SSLContext provider services:
    [SunJSSE: KeyFactory.RSA -> sun.security.rsa.RSAKeyFactory

.......

TrustManagerFactory provider info: Sun JSSE provider(PKCS12, SunX509 key/trust factories, SSLv3, TLSv1)
    TrustManagerFactory default algorithm: PKIX
    java.ext.dirs: C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\lib\ext;C:\WINDOWS\Sun\Java\lib\ext
    com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: The driver could not establish a secure connection to SQL Server by using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption. Error: "sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target". ClientConnectionId:4b1a3848-7aa5-4474-b7fc-25f79f52b4de

报错的原因，是JDK不信任服务端的HTTPS证书。

![SouthEast][]

要解决这个问题，有几个办法：

1. 如果是Linux客户端，可以试试用OpenJDK http://openjdk.java.net/

2. 如果不要求数据加密，可以连接HTTP或普通端点，比如存储

3. 如果连接对象是SQL数据库，可以禁用加密（在连接字符串中将encrypt去掉）

4. 可以写一个小程序，下载服务端证书，然后导入本地JDK的信任证书列表 (对SQL数据库无效，因为不是HTTPS端点）

package example;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    import java.security.KeyStore;
    import java.security.MessageDigest;
    import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
    import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
    
    import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
    import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
    import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
    import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
    import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
    import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
    import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
    
    public class InstallCert {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    		String host;
    		int port;
    		char[] passphrase;
    		if ((args.length == 1) || (args.length == 2)) {
    			String[] c = args[0].split(":");
    			host = c[0];
    			port = (c.length == 1) ? 443 : Integer.parseInt(c[1]);
    			String p = (args.length == 1) ? "changeit" : args[1];
    			passphrase = p.toCharArray();
    		} else {
    			System.out
    					.println("Usage: java InstallCert <host>[:port] [passphrase]");
    			return;
    		}
    
    		File file = new File("jssecacerts");
    		if (file.isFile() == false) {
    			char SEP = File.separatorChar;
    			File dir = new File(System.getProperty("java.home") + SEP + "lib"
    					+ SEP + "security");
    			file = new File(dir, "jssecacerts");
    			if (file.isFile() == false) {
    				file = new File(dir, "cacerts");
    			}
    		}
    		System.out.println("Loading KeyStore " + file + "...");
    		InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
    		KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
    		ks.load(in, passphrase);
    		in.close();
    
    		SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
    		TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory
    				.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
    		tmf.init(ks);
    		X509TrustManager defaultTrustManager = (X509TrustManager) tmf
    				.getTrustManagers()[0];
    		SavingTrustManager tm = new SavingTrustManager(defaultTrustManager);
    		context.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null);
    		SSLSocketFactory factory = context.getSocketFactory();
    
    		System.out
    				.println("Opening connection to " + host + ":" + port + "...");
    		SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket(host, port);
    		socket.setSoTimeout(10000);
    		try {
    			System.out.println("Starting SSL handshake...");
    			socket.startHandshake();
    			socket.close();
    			System.out.println();
    			System.out.println("No errors, certificate is already trusted");
    		} catch (SSLException e) {
    			System.out.println();
    			e.printStackTrace(System.out);
    		}
    
    		X509Certificate[] chain = tm.chain;
    		if (chain == null) {
    			System.out.println("Could not obtain server certificate chain");
    			return;
    		}
    
    		BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
    				System.in));
    
    		System.out.println();
    		System.out.println("Server sent " + chain.length + " certificate(s):");
    		System.out.println();
    		MessageDigest sha1 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
    		MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
    		for (int i = 0; i < chain.length; i++) {
    			X509Certificate cert = chain[i];
    			System.out.println(" " + (i + 1) + " Subject "
    					+ cert.getSubjectDN());
    			System.out.println("   Issuer  " + cert.getIssuerDN());
    			sha1.update(cert.getEncoded());
    			System.out.println("   sha1    " + toHexString(sha1.digest()));
    			md5.update(cert.getEncoded());
    			System.out.println("   md5     " + toHexString(md5.digest()));
    			System.out.println();
    		}
    
    		System.out
    				.println("Enter certificate to add to trusted keystore or 'q' to quit: [1]");
    		String line = reader.readLine().trim();
    		int k;
    		try {
    			k = (line.length() == 0) ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(line) - 1;
    		} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
    			System.out.println("KeyStore not changed");
    			return;
    		}
    
    		X509Certificate cert = chain[k];
    		String alias = host + "-" + (k + 1);
    		ks.setCertificateEntry(alias, cert);
    
    		OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("jssecacerts");
    		ks.store(out, passphrase);
    		out.close();
    
    		System.out.println();
    		System.out.println(cert);
    		System.out.println();
    		System.out
    				.println("Added certificate to keystore 'jssecacerts' using alias '"
    						+ alias + "'");
    	}
    
    	private static final char[] HEXDIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();
    
    	private static String toHexString(byte[] bytes) {
    		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 3);
    		for (int b : bytes) {
    			b &= 0xff;
    			sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b >> 4]);
    			sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b & 15]);
    			sb.append(' ');
    		}
    		return sb.toString();
    	}
    
    	private static class SavingTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
    
    		private final X509TrustManager tm;
    		private X509Certificate[] chain;
    
    		SavingTrustManager(X509TrustManager tm) {
    			this.tm = tm;
    		}
    
    		public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
    			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    		}
    
    		public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
    				throws CertificateException {
    			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    		}
    
    		public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
    				throws CertificateException {
    			this.chain = chain;
    			tm.checkServerTrusted(chain, authType);
    		}
    	}
    
    }

[SouthEast]: /images/20220828/6f741357e8104eb586638e3d33e09c63.png