MySQL 5.5源码安装

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2022-09-17 12:23 124阅读 0赞

MySQL 5.5的安装方法和5.1略有 不同，主要区别在配置环境，MySQL 5.1的安装方法，[参考搭建LAMP环境(源码方式)][LAMP]。本文讲解怎样在RedHat 6.1系统上安装MySQL 5.5.

首先，我们要准备MySQL，至于在什么地方下载，想必不用多说，这个可难不倒聪明的小伙伴们。本文使用的MySQL版本是5.5.29，假设读者已经把该版本或者5.5的其他版本准备好了，下面正式讲解怎样安装MySQL 5.5。本文的操作均在虚拟机下完成。

第一步，真实机拷贝MySQL 5.5源码包到虚拟机下

>     [root@serv01 ~]# yum install /usr/bin/scp -y
>     [root@larrywen ule-mysql]# scpmysql-5.5.29.tar.gz 192.168.1.11:/opt
>     root@192.168.1.11's password:
>     mysql-5.5.29.tar.gz                                                                                100%   24MB  23.7MB/s  00:00

第二步，对源码进行编译需要make等命令，所以我们安装开发工具包

>     [root@serv01 ~]# yum grouplist | grep Devel
>       Additional Development
>       Desktop Platform Development
>       Development tools
>       Server Platform Development
>     [root@serv01 ~]# yum groupinstall"Development tools" -y

第三步，解压源码包到/usr/src目录，/usr/src是建议命令

>     [root@serv01 opt]# tar -xvf mysql-5.5.29.tar.gz -C /usr/src/

第四步，进入MySQL的解压目录

>     [root@serv01 opt]# cd /usr/src/mysql-5.5.29/
>     #安装帮助文档（可以参考这个文件进行安装）
>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# vim INSTALL-SOURCE
>     shell> tar zxvf mysql-VERSION.tar.gz
>     shell> cd mysql-VERSION
>     shell> cmake .
>     shell> make
>     shell> make install
>     # End of source-build specific instructions
>     # Postinstallation setup
>     shell> cd /usr/local/mysql
>     shell> chown -R mysql .
>     shell> chgrp -R mysql .
>     shell> scripts/mysql_install_db--user=mysql
>     shell> chown -R root .
>     shell> chown -R mysql data
>     # Next command is optional
>     shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf/etc/my.cnf
>     shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
>     # Next command is optional
>     shell> cp support-files/mysql.server/etc/init.d/mysql.server

第五步，因为配置环境需要使用到cmake，且MySQL依赖ncurses-devel包，所以我们安装cmake和ncurses-devel

>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# yum install cmake-y
>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# yum install ncurses-devel -y

第六步，**关键步骤**，这一步也是和MySQL 5.1的不同之处，使用cmake命令配置环境，如下

>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# cmake .  \
>     -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
>     -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  \
>     -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
>     -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
>     -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  \
>     -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci  \
>     -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
>     -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306  \
>     -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock  \
>     -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data
>     
>     解释：
>     -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql：MySQL安装目录，推荐安装到此目录
>     -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1：安装InnoDB存储引擎
>     -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1：安装MyISAM存储引擎
>     -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1：安装内存存储引擎
>     -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8：默认编码设置成utf8
>     -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci：默然校验规则是utf8_general_ci
>     -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all：支持其他所有的编码
>     -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306：MySQL端口指定为3306
>     -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock：指定SOCK文件路径
>     -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data：MySQL数据目录

第七步，编译安装

>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# make && make install
>     
>     #确定安装目录存在
>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# ls/usr/local/mysql/
>     bin COPYING  data  docs include  INSTALL-BINARY  lib man  mysql-test  README scripts  share  sql-bench support-files

第八步，添加mysql组和用户

>     [root@serv01 opt]# groupadd -g 500 mysql
>     [root@serv01 opt]# useradd -u 500 -g 500 -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql

第九步，拷贝配置文件和启动脚本，并修改启动脚本的执行权限

>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# cpsupport-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
>     cp: overwrite `/etc/my.cnf'? y
>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# cpsupport-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# chmod a+x/etc/init.d/mysqld
>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# ls /usr/local/mysql/data/
>     mysql test

第十步，改变mysql目录的拥有者和所属组，并修改my.cnf文件，添加data目录

>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# chown mysql.mysql/usr/local/mysql/ -R
>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# vim /etc/my.cnf
>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# cat /etc/my.cnf |grep datadir
>     datadir         =/usr/local/mysql/data

第十一步，修改mysql\_install\_db的权限，使其可执行，并进行初始化操作

>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# chmod a+xscripts/mysql_install_db
>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]#./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/--basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
>     WARNING: The host 'serv01.host.com' could notbe looked up with resolveip.
>     This probably means that your libc librariesare not 100 % compatible
>     with this binary MySQL version. The MySQLdaemon, mysqld, should work
>     normally with the exception that host nameresolving will not work.
>     This means that you should use IP addressesinstead of hostnames
>     when specifying MySQL privileges !
>     Installing MySQL system tables...
>     OK
>     Filling help tables...
>     OK
>      
>     To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
>     support-files/mysql.server to the right placefor your system
>      
>     PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THEMySQL root USER !
>     To do so, start the server, then issue thefollowing commands:
>      
>     /usr/local/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u rootpassword 'new-password'
>     /usr/local/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root -hserv01.host.com password 'new-password'
>      
>     Alternatively you can run:
>     /usr/local/mysql//bin/mysql_secure_installation
>      
>     which will also give you the option ofremoving the test
>     databases and anonymous user created bydefault.  This is
>     strongly recommended for production servers.
>      
>     See the manual for more instructions.
>      
>     You can start the MySQL daemon with:
>     cd /usr/local/mysql/ ;/usr/local/mysql//bin/mysqld_safe &
>      
>     You can test the MySQL daemon withmysql-test-run.pl
>     cd /usr/local/mysql//mysql-test ; perlmysql-test-run.pl
>      
>     Please report any problems with the/usr/local/mysql//scripts/mysqlbug script!

第十二步，启动MySQL，如果出现SUCCESS，恭喜您，MySQL启动成功；如果出错，不要着急，根据日志排查错误

>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]#/etc/init.d/mysqld start
>     Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# ll/usr/local/mysql/data/ -d
>     drwxr-xr-x. 5 mysql mysql 4096 Sep  4 23:39 /usr/local/mysql/data/

第十三步，添加环境变量，并使其生效

>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# vim~/.bash_profile
>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# . !$
>     . ~/.bash_profile
>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# cat ~/.bash_profile| grep PATH
>     PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin/:$PATH:$HOME/bin
>     export PATH

第十四步，登录mysql，查看版本，如果出现版本号，则证明安装成功

>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# mysql
>     Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
>     Your MySQL connection id is 1
>     Server version: 5.5.29-log Sourcedistribution
>      
>     Copyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.
>      
>     Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or its
>     affiliates. Other names may be trademarks oftheir respective
>     owners.
>      
>     Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' toclear the current input statement.
>      
>     mysql> select version();
>     +------------+
>     | version() |
>     +------------+
>     | 5.5.29-log |
>     +------------+
>     1 row in set (0.00 sec)
>      
>     mysql> exit
>     Bye

如果需要安装多个MySQL，需要修改端口，修改sock文件

>     [root@serv01 mysql-5.5.29]# cat /etc/my.cnf |grep -e sock -e port
>     port              =3306
>     socket           =/tmp/mysql.sock

>     我的邮箱：wgbno27@163.com   新浪微博：@Wentasy27         
>       微信公众平台：JustOracle（微信号：justoracle）
>       数据库技术交流群：336882565（加群时验证 From CSDN XXX）
>       All is well
>       2013年10月20日
>       By Larry Wen

<table style="border-bottom:#48c5db 5px double; border-left:#48c5db 5px double; padding-bottom:5px; background-color:black; padding-left:5px; border-spacing:0; width:100%; padding-right:30px; height:90px; border-top:#48c5db 5px double; border-right:#48c5db 5px double; padding-top:5px"> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><img alt="katoon" src="https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201301/06/1357456262_5409.jpg" style="height:80px"></td> 
   <td style="text-align:right"><a title="新浪微博求粉 ^_^" href="http://weibo.com/wentasy" rel="nofollow"><img title="新浪微博求粉 ^_^" alt="Sina" src="https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201210/26/1351182273_5476.png.thumb.jpg" style="height:40px"></a>&nbsp;<a title="我的CSDN博客——HelloWorld" href="http://blog.csdn.net/Wentasy" rel="nofollow"><img title="我的CSDN博客——HelloWorld" alt="CSDN" src="https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201210/26/1351182268_8254.png.thumb.jpg" style="height:40px"></a></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="text-align:right; font-family:microsoft yahei; color:white; font-size:12px"> <a title="我的CSDN博客——HelloWorld" href="http://blog.csdn.net/Wentasy" rel="nofollow">@Wentasy</a> 博文仅供参考，欢迎大家来访。如有错误之处，希望批评指正。原创博文如需转载请注明出处，谢谢 :) [CSDN博客]</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

[LAMP]: http://blog.csdn.net/justdb/article/details/12232889