并发编程系列之FutureTask源码学习笔记

﹏ヽ暗。殇╰゛Y 2022-09-09 02:23 185阅读 0赞

### 1、什么是FutureTask类？ ###

在[上一章节][Link 1]的学习中，我们知道了Future类的基本用法，知道了Future其实就是为了监控线程任务执行的，接着本博客继续学习FutureTask。然后什么是FutureTask类？

Future是1.5版本引入的异步编程的顶层抽象接口，**FutureTask则是Future的基础实现类**。同时FutureTask还实现了Runnable接口，所以FutureTask也可以作为一个**独立的Runnable任务**。

### 2、使用FutureTask封装Callable任务 ###

线程中是不能直接传入Callable任务的，所以需要借助FutureTask，FutureTask可以用来封装Callable任务，下面给出一个例子：

package com.example.concurrent.future;
    
    import java.util.Random;
    import java.util.concurrent.*;
    
    /** * <pre> * FutureTask例子 * </pre> * <p> * <pre> * @author nicky.ma * 修改记录 * 修改后版本: 修改人： 修改日期: 2021/08/28 18:04 修改内容: * </pre> */
    public class FutureTaskExample { 
        public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException { 
            FutureTask futureTask = new FutureTask(new CallableTask());
            Thread t = new Thread(futureTask);
            t.start();
            System.out.println(futureTask.get());
        }
        static class CallableTask implements Callable<Integer> { 
            @Override
            public Integer call() throws Exception{ 
                Thread.sleep(1000L);
                return new Random().nextInt();
            }
        }
    }

### 3、FutureTask UML类图 ###

翻下FutureTask的源码，可以看出实现了RunnableFuture接口

public class FutureTask<V> implements RunnableFuture<V> { 
    // ...
    }

RunnableFuture接口是怎么样的？可以看出其实是继承了Runnable，Future

public interface RunnableFuture<V> extends Runnable, Future<V> { 
        /** * Sets this Future to the result of its computation * unless it has been cancelled. */
        void run();
    
    }

在idea里画出FutureTask的uml类图：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAc21pbGVOaWNreQ_size_11_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]  
所以，可以说FutureTask本质就是一个Runnable任务

### 4、FutureTask源码学习 ###

*  FutureTask类属性

public class FutureTask<V> implements RunnableFuture<V> { 
        // 状态：存在以下7中状态
        private volatile int state;
        // 新建
        private static final int NEW          = 0;
        // 任务完成中
        private static final int COMPLETING   = 1;
        // 任务正常完成
        private static final int NORMAL       = 2;
        // 任务异常
        private static final int EXCEPTIONAL  = 3;
        // 任务取消
        private static final int CANCELLED    = 4;
        // 任务中断中
        private static final int INTERRUPTING = 5;
        // 任务已中断
        private static final int INTERRUPTED  = 6;
    
        // 支持结果返回的Callable任务
        private Callable<V> callable;
        
        // 任务执行结果：包含正常和异常的结果，通过get方法获取
        private Object outcome; 
        
        // 任务执行线程
        private volatile Thread runner;
        
        // 栈结构的等待队列，该节点是栈中的最顶层节点
        private volatile WaitNode waiters;
    }

*  构造方法

// 传入callable任务
    public FutureTask(Callable<V> callable) { 
        if (callable == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.callable = callable;
        this.state = NEW;       // ensure visibility of callable
    }
    
    // 传入runnable任务、结果变量result
    public FutureTask(Runnable runnable, V result) { 
        this.callable = Executors.callable(runnable, result);
        this.state = NEW;       // ensure visibility of callable
    }

*  是一个Runnable任务，run方法实现

public void run() { 
         // 两种情况直接返回
         // 1：状态不是NEW，说明已经执行过，获取已经取消任务，直接返回
         // 2：状态是NEW，将当前执行线程保存在runner字段(runnerOffset)中，如果赋值失败，直接返回
        if (state != NEW ||
            !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
                                         null, Thread.currentThread()))
            return;
        try { 
            Callable<V> c = callable;
            if (c != null && state == NEW) { 
                V result;
                boolean ran;
                try { 
                    // 执行了给如的Callable任务
                    result = c.call();
                    ran = true;
                } catch (Throwable ex) { 
                    result = null;
                    ran = false;
                    // 异常的情况，设置异常
                    setException(ex);
                }
                if (ran)
                    // 任务正常执行，设置结果
                    set(result);
            }
        } finally { 
            // runner must be non-null until state is settled to
            // prevent concurrent calls to run()
            runner = null;
            // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
            // leaked interrupts
            int s = state;
            // 任务被中断，执行中断处理
            if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
                handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
        }
    }

setException方法：

protected void setException(Throwable t) { 
      // CAS,将状态由NEW改为COMPLETING（中间状态）
       if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW, COMPLETING)) { 
            // 返回结果
            outcome = t;
            // 将状态改为EXCEPTIONAL
            UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, EXCEPTIONAL); // final state
            finishCompletion();
        }
    }

*  get获取执行结果

public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { 
            int s = state;
            // 任务还没完成，调用awaitDonw
            if (s <= COMPLETING)
                s = awaitDone(false, 0L);
            // 返回结果
            return report(s);
        }

get超时的方法

public V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
            throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException { 
            // unit是时间单位，必须传
            if (unit == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            int s = state;
            // 超过阻塞时间timeout，抛出TimeoutException
            if (s <= COMPLETING &&
                (s = awaitDone(true, unit.toNanos(timeout))) <= COMPLETING)
                throw new TimeoutException();
            return report(s);
        }

重点看下awaitDone方法：

private int awaitDone(boolean timed, long nanos)
        throws InterruptedException { 
        // 计算截止时间
        final long deadline = timed ? System.nanoTime() + nanos : 0L;
        WaitNode q = null;
        // 
        boolean queued = false;
        // 无限循环，判断条件是否符合
        for (;;) { 
            // 1、线程是否被中断，是的情况，移除节点，同时抛出InterruptedException
            if (Thread.interrupted()) { 
                removeWaiter(q);
                throw new InterruptedException();
            }
    		// 2、获取当前状态，如果状态大于COMPLETING
    		// 说明任务完成了，有可能正常执行完成，也有可能是取消了任务
            int s = state;
            if (s > COMPLETING) { 
                if (q != null)
                    // thread置为null 等待JVM gc
                    q.thread = null;
                    //返回结果
                return s;
            }
            //3、如果状态处于中间状态COMPLETING
            //表示任务已经结束但是任务执行线程还没来得及给outcome赋值
            else if (s == COMPLETING) // cannot time out yet
                // 这种情况线程yield让出执行权，给其它线程先执行
                Thread.yield();
             // 4、如果等待节点为空，则构造一个等待节点
            else if (q == null)
                q = new WaitNode();
           // 5、如果还没有入队列，则把当前节点加入waiters首节点并替换原来waiters
            else if (!queued)
                queued = UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset,
                                                     q.next = waiters, q);
            else if (timed) { 
                nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime();
                //如果需要等待特定时间，则先计算要等待的时间
                // 如果已经超时，则删除对应节点并返回对应的状态
                if (nanos <= 0L) { 
                    removeWaiter(q);
                    return state;
                }
                // 阻塞等待特定时间
                LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos);
            }
            else
               // 让线程等待，阻塞当前线程
                LockSupport.park(this);
        }
    }

*  cancel取消任务

public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) { 
        // 如果任务已经结束，则直接返回false
       if (!(state == NEW &&
             UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW,
                 mayInterruptIfRunning ? INTERRUPTING : CANCELLED)))
           return false;
       try {     // in case call to interrupt throws exception
            // 需要中断任务的情况
           if (mayInterruptIfRunning) { 
               try { 
                   Thread t = runner;
                   // 调用线程的interrupt来停止线程
                   if (t != null)
                       t.interrupt();
               } finally {  // final state
                   // 修改状态为INTERRUPTED
                   UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, INTERRUPTED);
               }
           }
       } finally { 
           finishCompletion();
       }
       return true;
    }

finishCompletion方法：

private void finishCompletion() { 
        // assert state > COMPLETING;
        for (WaitNode q; (q = waiters) != null;) { 
            if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset, q, null)) { 
                // 无限循环，遍历waiters列表，唤醒节点中的线程，然后将Callable置为null
                for (;;) { 
                    Thread t = q.thread;
                    if (t != null) { 
                        q.thread = null;
                        // 唤醒线程
                        LockSupport.unpark(t);
                    }
                    WaitNode next = q.next;
                    if (next == null)
                        break;
                   // 置为null，让JVM gc
                    q.next = null; // unlink to help gc
                    q = next;
                }
                break;
            }
        }
    
        done();
        
        callable = null;        // to reduce footprint
    }

*  [https://juejin.cn/post/6844904181824749582\#heading-11][https_juejin.cn_post_6844904181824749582_heading-11]
 *  [https://www.cnblogs.com/wade-luffy/p/7073827.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_wade-luffy_p_7073827.html]

[Link 1]: https://smilenicky.blog.csdn.net/article/details/119956734
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAc21pbGVOaWNreQ_size_11_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]: /images/20220829/26f148bdbc5d402795993c2651af69d2.png
[https_juejin.cn_post_6844904181824749582_heading-11]: https://juejin.cn/post/6844904181824749582#heading-11
[https_www.cnblogs.com_wade-luffy_p_7073827.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/wade-luffy/p/7073827.html