ArchLinux安装(零)

约定不等于承诺〃 2022-09-04 08:46 162阅读 0赞

# ArchLinux安装(零) #

### 目录 ###

*  ArchLinux安装(零)
 *   *  0.网络环境及引导设置
     *  1.检查网络
     *  2.设置系统时间
     *  3.建立硬盘分区
     *  4.格式化分区
     *  5.挂载分区
     *  6.选择镜像
     *  7.安装基本系统
     *  8.配置系统
     *   *  Fstab
         *  Chroot
         *  时区
         *  本土化
         *  网络
         *  设置Root密码
         *  安装微码
         *  创建新用户
     *  9.安装引导程序
     *  10.退出重启

--------------------

> 参考：
> 
> 1.  [VMware下安装Arch Linux图文详解 - 知乎 (zhihu.com)][VMware_Arch Linux_ - _ _zhihu.com]
> 2.  [虚拟机上安装archLinux以及图形界面 - 简书 (jianshu.com)][archLinux_ - _ _jianshu.com]
> 3.  [在 VMware Workstation 上 安装 Arch Linux （ UEFI + GPT ） - Eric (ericclose.github.io)][VMware Workstation _ _ Arch Linux _ UEFI _ GPT _ - Eric _ericclose.github.io]
> 4.  [Arch Linux 安装使用教程 - ArchTutorial - Arch Linux Studio][Arch Linux _ - ArchTutorial - Arch Linux Studio]

## 0.网络环境及引导设置 ##

此次配置虚拟机环境，物理机安装使用rufus烧入即可不过多阐述

![c8d45a9f03e56164e39447c64719e42c.png][]

![df16b0056ead534b96f28e387a706de8.png][]

![ab4a28b8f5ce1ba5991ad9c9ae6b67bf.png][]

## 1.检查网络 ##

ping baidu.com

![60de12f16fcb29bd3695cf8f2753bb28.png][]

## 2.设置系统时间 ##

![c1599e516c44e33ab32e6c3d271966c4.png][]

## 3.建立硬盘分区 ##

lsblk

![b190a9bffec3cccec88d0803a2286436.png][]

cfdisk /dev/sda

![971029dbeee68e03602721b8b07746ec.png][]

分好后重新lsblk

![76f1562a5fe4c37a598d29244d3a688e.png][]

## 4.格式化分区 ##

![a218a9c0f3b413cb10b5b26ce77e00e3.png][]

## 5.挂载分区 ##

注意先挂载根目录，后挂载efi，否则会出问题

![4d38b670aba3adddb9ed7cc3c94bc4f3.png][]

## 6.选择镜像 ##

vim /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

![451e313caaa97bf780bdc62c3003f06a.png][]

pacman -Syy 刷一下软件库

![aadfc9fd0a24f2ef92da1a06947156cc.png][]

## 7.安装基本系统 ##

wiki命令

pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware

确保有内核，不然安装重启会进入grub界面

![5a2cb1176420a95b2825bb77109be2f0.png][]

![57ccf328e09e848ce7739b99cf6d3d1a.png][]

在安装一下base-devel 和vim

![d980e9ac03231cd9f8652cd9a3885541.png][]

还要安装网络等必要软件

pacstrap /mnt dhcpcd iwd vim sudo bash-completion

## 8.配置系统 ##

### Fstab ###

genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
    cat /mnt/etc/fstab

![0693ed822cac3bd58c011f05ef61c81d.png][]

### Chroot ###

切换到新安装的系统

arch-chroot /mnt

![1d65330183a535ad73b348d2c1a96356.png][]

### 时区 ###

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

`hwclock --systohc`

![0bf78d75db080b41438df45d6ac1c59d.png][]

### 本土化 ###

vim /etc/locale.gen

把en\_US.UTF-8 UTF-8和zh\_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8前面的\#去掉

![7c56e2657ab783dde0be99572a9686c8.png][]

执行locale-gen生成指定的本地化文件

locale-gen

![04863be51c9a8f2f10782556c9df73a6.png][]

创建locale.conf并编辑LANG变量

echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" >> /etc/locale.conf

![b125fc60d64e2867157617529479ff36.png][]

### 网络 ###

创建主机名，设置主机名称rharch

echo rharch >> /etc/hostname

编辑hosts文件

vim /etc/hosts

添加以下内容

127.0.0.1 localhost
    ::1 localhost
    127.0.1.1 rharch.localdomain rharch

![1e676d879abe928726aeb1bd59fd2b54.png][]

### 设置Root密码 ###

passwd

### 安装微码 ###

# alternative
    pacman -S intel-ucode #Intel
    pacman -S amd-ucode #AMD

### 创建新用户 ###

![7766c11daca13c9c2b62dc59bb0ad60a.png][]

使用visodu修改/etc/sudoers

取消wheel组所在行的注释

![47176ad8399f596b123e777af3723bac.png][]

## 9.安装引导程序 ##

因为只是虚拟机非物理机所以只需要安装grub和efibootmgr

pacman -S grub efibootmgr

双系统安装os-prober还有ntfs-3g，否则识别不了windowsboot

![c0f695ba09519d3dba83dd87e81f24e5.png][]

UEFI引导这么写

![1cb7bcb45090edf4ec60837fa0c8f6cf.png][]

然后成成必要的配置文件

注意观察是否识别windows boot manager

![1137181ff15f78c597d33f2544c95e5c.png][]

## 10.退出重启 ##

exit
    # 卸载
    umount -R /mnt
    reboot

![45b99290884ad74200d736c05c9bb1f5.png][]

[VMware_Arch Linux_ - _ _zhihu.com]: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/99327970
[archLinux_ - _ _jianshu.com]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/619274de1935
[VMware Workstation _ _ Arch Linux _ UEFI _ GPT _ - Eric _ericclose.github.io]: https://ericclose.github.io/Installing-Arch-as-a-guest-with-UEFI-and-GPT.html
[Arch Linux _ - ArchTutorial - Arch Linux Studio]: https://archlinuxstudio.github.io/ArchLinuxTutorial/#/
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