Python爬虫之运用scrapy框架将爬取的内容存入文件和数据库

叁歲伎倆 2022-09-04 02:47 151阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  前言
 *  源码
 *   *  爬虫文件（test1）
     *  pipelines.py
     *  setting.py
 *  运行结果

--------------------

# 前言 #

主要运用了scrapy持久化存储操作，下面主要展示spider和管道文件及一些设置。

# 源码 #

![在这里插入图片描述][976fa6dec1b14c309ed37e1d15373fe8.png]

**爬取的是itcast师资信息[http://www.itcast.cn/channel/teacher.shtml\#ajavaee][http_www.itcast.cn_channel_teacher.shtml_ajavaee]**

## 爬虫文件（test1） ##

**这部分主要是对内容解析**

import scrapy
    
    
    class Test1Spider(scrapy.Spider):
        name = 'test1'
        # allowed_domains = ['https://www.baidu.com/']
        start_urls = ['http://www.itcast.cn/channel/teacher.shtml#ajavaee']
    
        def parse(self, response):
            li_list = response.xpath('/html/body/div[10]/div/div[2]/ul/li')
            for li in li_list:
                item={
        }
                item["name"] = li.xpath(".//h2/text()").extract_first()
                if li.xpath(".//p/span[2]/text()").extract_first()!= None:
                    item["title"] = li.xpath(".//p/span[1]/text()").extract_first() + li.xpath(".//p/span[2]/text()").extract_first()
                else:
                    item["title"]= li.xpath(".//p/span[1]/text()").extract_first()
                yield item

## pipelines.py ##

**这部分是对解析后的内容进行持久化存储**

# Define your item pipelines here
    #
    # Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
    # See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
    
    
    # useful for handling different item types with a single interface
    from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
    
    import pymysql
    #存储到文件中
    class TestprojectPipeline:
        fp =None
        def open_spider(self,spider):
            print("开始爬虫......")
            self.fp = open('./shizi.text','w',encoding='utf-8')
        def process_item(self, item, spider):
            author = item['name']
            content = item['title']
            self.fp.write(author+':'+content+'\n')
            return item
        def close_spider(self,spider):
            print("爬虫结束！")
            self.fp.close()
      #存储到数据库中
    class mysqlPileLine(object):
        conn = None
        cursor = None
        def open_spider(self,spider):
            self.conn = pymysql.Connect(host='127.0.0.1',port=3306,user='root',password='zpx',db='pydata',charset='utf8')
        def process_item(self,item,spider):
            self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
            try:
                self.cursor.execute('insert into shizi value ("%s","%s")'%(item["name"],item["title"]))
                self.conn.commit()
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)
                self.conn.rollback()
    
            return item
    
        def close_spider(self,spider):
            self.cursor.close()
            self.conn.close()

## setting.py ##

# Scrapy settings for testproject project
    #
    # For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
    # commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
    #
    #     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
    #     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
    #     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
    
    BOT_NAME = 'testproject'
    
    SPIDER_MODULES = ['testproject.spiders']
    NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'testproject.spiders'
    
    
    # Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
    USER_AGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/605.1.17 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/12.0.1  Safari/605.1.17"
    
    # Obey robots.txt rules
    ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
    
    LOG_LEVEL= 'WARNING' 
    #显示的日志等级
    
    # Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
    #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
    
    # Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
    # See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
    # See also autothrottle settings and docs
    #DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
    # The download delay setting will honor only one of:
    #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
    #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
    
    # Disable cookies (enabled by default)
    #COOKIES_ENABLED = False
    
    # Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
    #TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
    
    # Override the default request headers:
    #DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
        
    #   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
    #   'Accept-Language': 'en',
    #}
    
    # Enable or disable spider middlewares
    # See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
    #SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
        
    #    'testproject.middlewares.TestprojectSpiderMiddleware': 543,
    #}
    
    # Enable or disable downloader middlewares
    # See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
    DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
        
       'testproject.middlewares.TestprojectDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
    }
    
    
    # Enable or disable extensions
    # See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
    #EXTENSIONS = {
        
    #    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
    #}
    
    # Configure item pipelines
    # See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
    ITEM_PIPELINES = {
        
       'testproject.pipelines.TestprojectPipeline': 300,
       'testproject.pipelines.mysqlPileLine': 301,
       #两种持久化存储的优先级，数越小，优先级越高
    }
    
    # Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
    # See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
    #AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
    # The initial download delay
    #AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
    # The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
    #AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
    # The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
    # each remote server
    #AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
    # Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
    #AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
    
    # Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
    # See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
    #HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
    #HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
    #HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
    #HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
    #HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

# 运行结果 #

![在这里插入图片描述][31068fae029c4ed8833b5eb1bbd9b304.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][9b26c413cddc491f92ecf47c17465cc6.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RvbTE5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RvbTE5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

[976fa6dec1b14c309ed37e1d15373fe8.png]: /images/20220829/d71f220c87f44d23bbe259cfc4b9c3ad.png
[http_www.itcast.cn_channel_teacher.shtml_ajavaee]: http://www.itcast.cn/channel/teacher.shtml#ajavaee
[31068fae029c4ed8833b5eb1bbd9b304.png]: /images/20220829/b552fe17a84143d09bfe97c3c43d2c37.png
[9b26c413cddc491f92ecf47c17465cc6.png]: /images/20220829/dd0382948b194e0ba6743c9511a1ead9.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RvbTE5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220829/54fc265d342c4e019d478385db1369be.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RvbTE5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220829/fa24f7b4c2cd413eb756ad467ab5f485.png