python2.7 virtualenv创建虚拟环境以及安装pytest

男娘i 2022-08-31 06:50 369阅读 0赞

# 1.安装virtualenv及创建虚拟环境 #

由于工作需要使用`python2.7`版本，因此在在安装virtualenv时需要注意版本问题

### 1.1 安装virtualenv ###

首先，使用conda search查找对应python2.7兼容版本

$ conda search virtualenv
    
    Loading channels: done
    # Name                       Version           Build  Channel             
    virtualenv                    15.2.0          py27_0  pkgs/main           
    virtualenv                    15.2.0          py35_0  pkgs/main           
    virtualenv                    15.2.0          py36_0  pkgs/main           
    virtualenv                    16.0.0          py27_0  pkgs/main           
    virtualenv                    16.0.0          py35_0  pkgs/main           
    virtualenv                    16.0.0          py36_0  pkgs/main           
    virtualenv                    16.0.0          py37_0  pkgs/main           
    virtualenv                    16.0.0          py38_0  pkgs/main           
    virtualenv                    16.7.5            py_0  pkgs/main           
    virtualenv                   20.0.20          py36_1  pkgs/main           
    virtualenv                   20.0.20          py37_1  pkgs/main

我们可以看到`virtualenv==15.2.0`是支持python2.7的，因此我们安装这个版本

conda install virtualenv==15.2.0

### 1.2 创建虚拟环境并激活 ###

**（1）创建虚拟环境`venv`**

$ virtualenv [虚拟环境名称] 
    $ virtualenv venv
    
    New python executable in ~/Desktop/baidu/bce-pcqa/vpc-console-test/vpc-smoke-test/venv/bin/python
    copying ~/opt/anaconda3/envs/py2.7/bin/python => ~/Desktop/baidu/bce-pcqa/vpc-console-test/vpc-smoke-test/venv/bin/python
    copying ~/opt/anaconda3/envs/py2.7/bin/../lib/libpython2.7.dylib => ~/Desktop/baidu/bce-pcqa/vpc-console-test/vpc-smoke-test/venv/lib/libpython2.7.dylib
    Installing setuptools, pip, wheel... 
    
    
    done.

**（2）激活环境**

$ cd venv
    $ source ./bin/activate

激活之后，可以使用命令查看是否已经生效

$ which python
    或者
    $ which pip

**（3）退出环境**

$ deactivate

**（4）删除环境**

没有使用virtualenvwrapper前，可以直接删除venv文件夹来删除环境

# 2. 安装pytest #

pytest官方文档：[https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/getting-started.html\#our-first-test-run][https_docs.pytest.org_en_stable_getting-started.html_our-first-test-run]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzk5OTMyNw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
上图说明，官网要求python为`3.x`版本

向下寻找，发现`pytest 4.6.x`版本支持`python2.7`

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzk5OTMyNw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
查找资源，发现`pytest==4.6.2`可满足

$ conda search pytest
    
    Loading channels: done
    # Name                       Version           Build  Channel             
    pytest                         4.6.2          py27_0  pkgs/main           
    pytest                         4.6.2          py36_0  pkgs/main           
    pytest                         4.6.2          py37_0  pkgs/main           
    pytest                        4.6.11          py36_0  pkgs/main           
    pytest                        4.6.11          py37_0  pkgs/main           
    pytest                        4.6.11          py38_0  pkgs/main

**安装pytest**

使用`虚拟环境venv`中的`pip`安装`pytest`，方便测试包使用

# 激活虚拟环境venv
    source venv/bin/activate
    
    # 安装
    pip install -U pytest==4.6.2
    
    DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. pip 21.0 will drop support for Python 2.7 in January 2021. More details about Python 2 support in pip can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support pip 21.0 will remove support for this functionality.
    Collecting pytest==4.6.2
      WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)",)': /packages/cd/eb/04a30246424f5664a8fb72d982a57f60399642a63d24c7fdfaf70d673c27/pytest-4.6.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
      Downloading pytest-4.6.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (229 kB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 229 kB 14 kB/s 
    Collecting funcsigs>=1.0; python_version < "3.0"
      Using cached funcsigs-1.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (17 kB)
    Collecting py>=1.5.0
      Downloading py-1.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (97 kB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 97 kB 15 kB/s 
    Collecting pluggy<1.0,>=0.12
      Downloading pluggy-0.13.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
    Collecting pathlib2>=2.2.0; python_version < "3.6"
      Downloading pathlib2-2.3.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (17 kB)
    Collecting six>=1.10.0
      Downloading six-1.16.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (11 kB)
    Collecting more-itertools<6.0.0,>=4.0.0; python_version <= "2.7"
      Downloading more_itertools-5.0.0-py2-none-any.whl (52 kB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 52 kB 18 kB/s 
    Collecting packaging
      Downloading packaging-20.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (40 kB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 40 kB 16 kB/s 
    Collecting atomicwrites>=1.0
      Downloading atomicwrites-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.8 kB)
    Collecting attrs>=17.4.0
      Downloading attrs-21.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (53 kB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 53 kB 20 kB/s 
    Collecting wcwidth
      Downloading wcwidth-0.2.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (30 kB)
    Collecting importlib-metadata>=0.12
      Downloading importlib_metadata-2.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)
    Collecting scandir; python_version < "3.5"
      Downloading scandir-1.10.0.tar.gz (33 kB)
    Collecting pyparsing>=2.0.2
      Downloading pyparsing-2.4.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (67 kB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 67 kB 12 kB/s 
    Collecting backports.functools-lru-cache>=1.2.1; python_version < "3.2"
      Downloading backports.functools_lru_cache-1.6.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (5.9 kB)
    Collecting configparser>=3.5; python_version < "3"
      Downloading configparser-4.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (22 kB)
    Collecting zipp>=0.5
      Downloading zipp-1.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (4.8 kB)
    Collecting contextlib2; python_version < "3"
      Downloading contextlib2-0.6.0.post1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (9.8 kB)
    Building wheels for collected packages: scandir
      Building wheel for scandir (setup.py) ... done
      Created wheel for scandir: filename=scandir-1.10.0-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_7_x86_64.whl size=18727 sha256=c857f181befc4ca764e480ee9b0304afe0e94320b679e17f9493f27badf96e1c
      Stored in directory: ~/Library/Caches/pip/wheels/58/2c/26/52406f7d1f19bcc47a6fbd1037a5f293492f5cf1d58c539edb
    Successfully built scandir
    Installing collected packages: funcsigs, py, configparser, contextlib2, zipp, six, scandir, pathlib2, importlib-metadata, pluggy, more-itertools, pyparsing, packaging, atomicwrites, attrs, backports.functools-lru-cache, wcwidth, pytest
    Successfully installed atomicwrites-1.4.0 attrs-21.2.0 backports.functools-lru-cache-1.6.4 configparser-4.0.2 contextlib2-0.6.0.post1 funcsigs-1.0.2 importlib-metadata-2.1.1 more-itertools-5.0.0 packaging-20.9 pathlib2-2.3.6 pluggy-0.13.1 py-1.10.0 pyparsing-2.4.7 pytest-4.6.2 scandir-1.10.0 six-1.16.0 wcwidth-0.2.5 zipp-1.2.0

[https_docs.pytest.org_en_stable_getting-started.html_our-first-test-run]: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/getting-started.html#our-first-test-run
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