SpringBoot项目整合Mockito单元测试框架

左手的ㄟ右手 2022-08-31 02:29 406阅读 0赞

## 一。简介 ##

**Mockito是什么？**  
MOCK意思是模拟的意思，主要被用来进行数据的人工组织，不会真正地调用第三方服务器，类似redis，mysql等都不会调用，也不用关心数据底层是如何进行处理的，我们要做的只是将本单元的逻辑进行单元测试，验证数据的逻辑处理性，而其中mock较好的框架就是Mockito。

Mockito是mocking框架，它让你用简洁的API做测试。而且Mockito简单易学，它可读性强和验证语法简洁。

## 二。测试Demo ##

1.首先创建springboot项目，并在pom文件引入Mockito依赖：

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
                <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.3</version>
            </dependency>

2.创建实体类（Student）：

package com.example.mockito_test.entity;
    
    import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
    import lombok.Data;
    import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
    import lombok.ToString;
    
    /** * @author Keson * @version 1.0 * @description: TODO * @date 2021/7/21 11:05 */
    @Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @ToString
    public class Student { 
    
        private String id;
    
        private String name;
    
        private Integer age;
    
        private String sex;
    
        private String phoneNumber;
    
    }

3.创建dao层：

package com.example.mockito_test.dao;
    
    import com.example.mockito_test.entity.Student;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    
    /** * @author Keson * @version 1.0 * @description: TODO * @date 2021/7/21 11:14 */
    @Repository
    public class StudentDao { 
    
        //演示从数据库查询数据
        public Student getById(String id){ 
            Student student = new Student();
    
            if(id.equals("001")){ 
                student.setId("001");
                student.setName("张三");
                student.setAge(20);
                student.setSex("男");
                student.setPhoneNumber("12345678910");
            }
            return student;
        }
    
        //演示从数据库添加数据
        public String save(Student student){ 
            if(student != null){ 
                return "数据成功添加";
            }
            return "数据添加失败";
        }
    }

4.创建service层：

package com.example.mockito_test.service;
    
    import com.example.mockito_test.entity.Student;
    
    /** * @author Keson * @version 1.0 * @description: TODO * @date 2021/7/21 11:20 */
    public interface StudentService { 
    
        public Student getById(String id);
    
        public String save(Student student);
    }

package com.example.mockito_test.service.Impl;
    
    import com.example.mockito_test.dao.StudentDao;
    import com.example.mockito_test.entity.Student;
    import com.example.mockito_test.service.StudentService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    /** * @author Keson * @version 1.0 * @description: TODO * @date 2021/7/21 11:21 */
    @Service
    public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService { 
    
        @Autowired
        private StudentDao studentDao;
    
        @Override
        public Student getById(String id) { 
            return studentDao.getById(id);
        }
    
        @Override
        public String save(Student student) { 
            return studentDao.save(student);
        }
    }

5.创建controller层：

package com.example.mockito_test.controller;
    
    import com.example.mockito_test.entity.Student;
    import com.example.mockito_test.service.StudentService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
    
    /** * @author Keson * @version 1.0 * @description: TODO * @date 2021/7/21 11:23 */
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/student")
    public class StudentController { 
    
        @Autowired
        private StudentService studentService;
    
        @GetMapping("/getById")
        public Student getById(@RequestParam("id") String id){ 
            return studentService.getById(id);
        }
    
        @PostMapping("/save")
        public String save(@RequestBody Student student){ 
            return studentService.save(student);
        }
    }

## 三。Mockito的使用 ##

### 1.service层的测试类 ###

1.快捷创建测试类方式：鼠标悬浮在类名上，按快捷键`Alt+Enter`，点击Create Test：  
![在这里插入图片描述][be2462b21aec8b75b41935ea56b85776.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][dbb7a422d3a431d4fcde4bf51cd03ee1.png]  
2.创建完成后点开test包，里面出现刚刚创建好的测试类：  
![在这里插入图片描述][f3b7d765fac94ccc46e1958628484376.png]  
3.service测试类代码如下：

package com.example.mockito_test.service;
    
    import com.example.mockito_test.dao.StudentDao;
    import com.example.mockito_test.entity.Student;
    import com.example.mockito_test.service.Impl.StudentServiceImpl;
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
    import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
    import org.mockito.Mock;
    import org.mockito.Mockito;
    import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
    
    import static org.assertj.core.api.AssertionsForClassTypes.assertThat;
    
    class StudentServiceTest { 
    
        @InjectMocks
        StudentServiceImpl studentService;
    
        @Mock
        StudentDao studentDao;
    
        @BeforeEach
        void setUp() throws Exception{ 
            MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        }
    
        @Test
        public void getById(){ 
            Student student = new Student();
            student.setId("001");
            student.setName("张三");
            //when里面带的是条件，thenReturn里面表示的是返回结果
            Mockito.when(studentDao.getById("001"))
                    .thenReturn(student);
            //assertThat后面跟着断言的判断语句
            assertThat(studentService.getById(student.getId()).getName())
                    .isEqualTo("张三");
    
        }
    
        @Test
        public void save(){ 
            Student student = new Student();
            student.setId("002");
            student.setName("李四");
            //when里面带的是条件，thenReturn里面表示的是返回结果
            Mockito.when(studentDao.save(student))
                    .thenReturn("数据成功添加");
            //assertThat后面跟着断言的判断语句
            assertThat(studentService.save(student))
                    .isEqualTo("数据成功添加");
        }
    }

其中， Mockito.when(）里面带的是条件，thenReturn里面表示的是返回结果。  
如果结果判断正确的话，测试通过：  
![在这里插入图片描述][4f5da2acd07539281e36fa62adb7e5be.png]  
反之我们将“张三”改成“张三123”，测试失败，控制台输出提示：  
![在这里插入图片描述][4a66522fab03c1860b54cf2293008e83.png]

### 2.controller层的测试类 ###

代码如下所示：

package com.example.mockito_test.controller;
    
    import com.example.mockito_test.entity.Student;
    import com.example.mockito_test.service.StudentService;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
    import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
    import org.mockito.Mockito;
    import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
    
    @AutoConfigureMockMvc
    @ContextConfiguration(classes = { StudentController.class, StudentService.class})
    @WebMvcTest
    class StudentControllerTest { 
    
        @Autowired
        private MockMvc mockMvc;
    
        @InjectMocks
        StudentController studentController;
    
        @MockBean
        StudentService studentService;
    
        @Autowired
        ObjectMapper objectMapper;
    
        @BeforeEach
        public void setUp(){ 
            MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
            this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(studentController).build();
        }
    
    
        @Test
        public void getById() throws Exception { 
            Student student = new Student();
            student.setId("001");
            student.setName("张三");
            Mockito.when(studentService.getById("001"))
                    .thenReturn(student);
            mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/student/getById?id=001"))
                    //需要携带的头信息，如token信息 header("Authorization","Bearer ..."))
    // .header("",""))
                    .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());
    
        }
    
        @Test
        public void save() throws Exception { 
            Student student = new Student();
            student.setId("002");
            student.setName("李四");
            Mockito.when(studentService.save(student))
                    .thenReturn("数据成功添加");
            mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/student/save")
                    .contentType("application/json")
                    //需要携带的头信息，如token信息 header("Authorization","Bearer ..."))
    // .header("",""))
                    //将请求实体转换成String放入content里面
                    .content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(student)))
                    .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());
    
        }
    
    
    }

注意，get请求与post请求测试方式不一致，注意区分！

[be2462b21aec8b75b41935ea56b85776.png]: /images/20220829/5b18f89990b54e7384dea9acbef7e1eb.png
[dbb7a422d3a431d4fcde4bf51cd03ee1.png]: /images/20220829/ec7b5f42530345bd8ebfb665254e6299.png
[f3b7d765fac94ccc46e1958628484376.png]: /images/20220829/8abdf2aba6a54a64af0e93a14bb2508d.png
[4f5da2acd07539281e36fa62adb7e5be.png]: /images/20220829/472f8897de984e10a473d305c61174aa.png
[4a66522fab03c1860b54cf2293008e83.png]: /images/20220829/49eb82c9d63c4ba1bf4a07daad38467e.png