nginx重写与重定向

小鱼儿 2022-08-30 01:44 201阅读 0赞

### nginx 重写与重定向 ###

**应用：使用重写或者重定向，避免网站结构或者域名修改后，网站中原有链接失效**

### \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* ###

**rewrite**

**命令格式：**

rewrite old_url new_url [flag]

**old\_url：**原有访问路径，使用正则表达式进行匹配

**new\_url：**新的访问路径

flag：参数可选，可设置的值

last：重写，地址栏中url地址不变，匹配后重新发起请求（服务端跳转）

break：重写，地址栏中url地址不变，匹配后直接输出匹配页面

permanent：重定向，地址栏中url地址改变，重新发起请求（客户端跳转），返回响应状态码301（永久重定向）

redirect：重定向，地址栏中url地址改变，重新发起请求（客户端跳转），返回响应状态码302（临时重定向）

#输出页面重写
    rewrite ^/last/(.*)   /test/$1 last;                 #服务端跳转到新的页面
    rewrite ^/break/(.*)  /test/$1 break;                #直接输出重写页面
     
     
    #请求重定向
    rewrite  ^/redirect/(.*)    /test/$1 redirect;       #临时重定向
    rewrite  ^/permanent/(.*)  /test/$1 permanent;       #永久重定向

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**示例：重写**

**nginx.conf**

user  nginx;
    worker_processes  1;
     
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
    pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
     
     
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
     
     
    http {
        include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
     
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
     
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
     
        sendfile        on;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    }

**default.conf**

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
     
        #charset koi8-r;
        #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;
     
        location / {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
     
     
        #location 1
        location /break {
            root /usr/share/nginx/html2;
     
            if ( !-e $request_filename ){
                 rewrite ^/break/(.*)  /default/default  break;
            }
        }
     
        #location 2
        location /break2 {
            root /usr/share/nginx/html2;
     
            if ( !-e $request_filename ){
                 rewrite ^/break2/(.*)  /default/default  break;
                 echo "break";
            }
        }
     
     
        #location 3
        location /last {
            if ( !-e $request_filename ){
                 rewrite ^/last/(.*)  /test/$1  last;
                 echo "last";
            }
        }
     
     
        #location 4
        location /test {
            echo "test";
        }
     
     
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        }
     
    }

**创建容器**

docker run -it -d -p 8080:80 \
    -v /usr/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf \
    -v /usr/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html2 \
    --name nginx lihu12344/nginx

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**使用测试**

**localhost:8080/break/default**

[root@centos ~]# curl localhost:8080/break/default
    default html

**匹配location 1，随后重写页面（输出路径 /default/default 内容）**

**localhost:8080/break2****/default**

[root@centos ~]# curl localhost:8080/break2/default
    break

**匹配location 2，随后重写页面（输出路径 /default/default 内容），****echo "break"; 覆盖重写后的页面**

**localhost:8080/last/test**

[root@centos ~]# curl localhost:8080/last/default
    test

**匹配location 3，****重写路径 /test/default，随后匹配location 4，输出test**

### \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* ###

**示例：重定向**

**nginx.conf**

user  nginx;
    worker_processes  1;
     
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
    pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
     
     
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
     
     
    http {
        include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
     
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
     
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
     
        sendfile        on;
        #tcp_nopush     on;
     
        keepalive_timeout  65;
     
        #gzip  on;
     
        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    }

**default.conf**

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
     
        #charset koi8-r;
        #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;
     
        location / {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
     
        location /redirect {
            if ( !-e $request_filename ) {
                 rewrite ^/redirect/(.*)  /test/$1  redirect;
            }
        }
     
        location /permanent {
            if ( !-e $request_filename ) {
                 rewrite ^/permanent/(.*)  /test/$1 permanent;
            }
        }
     
        location /test {
            echo "test";
        }
     
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        }
     
    }

**创建容器**

docker run -it -d -p 8080:80 \
    -v /usr/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf \
    --name nginx lihu12344/nginx

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**使用测试**

**curl -I localhost:8080/permanent/test**

[root@centos conf.d]# curl -I localhost:8080/permanent/test
    HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
    Server: nginx/1.14.2
    Date: Fri, 16 Oct 2020 14:28:29 GMT
    Content-Type: text/html
    Content-Length: 185
    Location: http://localhost/test/test
    Connection: keep-alive

**请求重定向，返回状态码：301，重定向url：http://localhost/test/test**

**curl -I localhost:8080/redirect/test**

[root@centos conf.d]# curl -I localhost:8080/redirect/test
    HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily
    Server: nginx/1.14.2
    Date: Fri, 16 Oct 2020 14:28:32 GMT
    Content-Type: text/html
    Content-Length: 161
    Location: http://localhost/test/test
    Connection: keep-alive

**请求重定向，返回状态码：302，重定向url：http://localhost:8080/test/test**