Rooibos的毒性

待我称王封你为后i 2022-08-29 10:03 75阅读 0赞

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### 下面的内容来自\[1\] ###

### **Pregnancy** ###

Pregnant women can enjoy rooibos tea as it is high in beneficial compounds and caffeine-free. Caffeine intake during pregnancy is discouraged byw many health professionals \[[55][]\].

**However, if you are pregnant, always talk to your doctor before introducing new foods and supplements to your diet.**

### **Liver Toxicity** ###

According to two reported cases, drinking rooibos might be toxic to the liver.

A woman who consumed 1L of rooibos tea for 10 days had symptoms of liver toxicity: elevated liver enzymes ([ALT][], [GGT][], and ASP) and fatty liver \[[56][]\].(喝了rooibos引发脂肪肝。。。我觉得这个不太可能，这个women的例子，在参考文献的\[8\]中有详细论述)

When a man drank an herbal tea mixture（草茶混合物） of rooibos and buchu, he developed signs of acute hepatitis and liver failure(急性肝炎与肝衰竭). He recovered once he stopped drinking the tea \[[57][]\].（不要和其他灌木混合引用,这个案例来自本文参考文献中的\[6\]）

It’s hard to make conclusions based on individual case reports, but caution is warranted.

### **Bacterial Contamination(细菌污染)** ###

During processing, rooibos tea may get contaminated with bacteria like salmonella \[[58][]\].

Salmonella is one of the leading causes of food poisoning and causes symptoms like fever, stomach cramps, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting \[[59][]\].

**If you are looking to purchase rooibos tea, it is important to choose a safe and reliable source.**

### **Estrogen Effects(雌激素效应)** ###

Red rooibos tea contains phytoestrogens (isovitexin, luteolin-7-glucoside, and nothofagin). These are natural compounds that mimic the female sex hormone [estrogen][] \[[60][]\].

That said, red rooibos tea contains miniscule amounts of phytoestrogens and no hormonal side effects have been reported.

### **Drug Interactions** ###

Due to its ability to lower blood sugar, cholesterol levels, and blood pressure, rooibos tea might interact with the following drugs \[[61][]\]:

*  **Antidiabetics: **Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), sulfonylureas
 *  **Cholesterol-lowering (statin):** atorvastatin
 *  **Blood pressure:** ACE inhibitors

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下面的内容来自\[2\]

histological regression of steatosis and cirrhosis in the liver tissue with a significant inhibition of the increase of liver tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde, triacylglycerols and cholesterol. Simultaneously, rooibos tea significantly suppressed mainly the increase in plasma activities of aminotransferases (ALT, AST)

意思是具备抑制肝硬化的能力。

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**下面内容来自\[3\]**

## Rooibos Tea Side Effects ##

The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center reports that rooibos may cause [liver damage][]. An October 2013 case study published in the [*ACG Case Reports Journal* ][ACG Case Reports Journal]provides an account of liver toxicity associated with rooibos tea(和rooibos相关的肝毒性，本文参考文献中的\[6\]) The authors wrote that although liver toxicity has rarely been reported, a South African doctor provided anecdotal evidence that the problem has occurred.

Drinking large amounts of the tea may also harm the kidneys. Prolonged intake may produce small changes in the reproductive system and adversely affect fertility, adds the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.(大量喝茶也可能损害肾脏。斯隆·凯特林癌症纪念中心补充道，长期摄入可能会对生殖系统产生微小变化，并对生育能力产生不利影响。)

What about the association between rooibos tea and estrogen? Some compounds found in rooibos tea have actions that mimic the hormone estrogen. For this reason, people with hormone-related cancers, such as breast cancer, should be cautious about drinking the tea, states the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.（雌激素相关的癌症例如乳腺癌不应该饮用）

Rooibos tea's antioxidant effects are beneficial for most people, but not for those undergoing chemotherapy. The antioxidants might reduce the effectiveness of certain drugs in this category.

（抗氧化剂可能会降低癌症用药的疗效）

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**下面内容来自\[4\]**

One of the dangerous Rooibos tea side effects will happen in human’s respiratory system. The symptoms of these problems are swollen chest, pain on the chest, difficulty in breathing, short breath, and tight chest. Normally, tea doesn’t bring such dangerous threats to human’s health if consumed in large amount, but Rooibos leaves are the one cause these problems.（可能导致呼吸急促、胸闷）

If you have asthma, it is better not to try drinking this tea. The fact is that Rooibos tea triggers allergic reaction and if you have asthma yet you drink this tea, then your asthma may relapse. But if you have an illness and the doctor suggest you to drink this tea then you should discuss it with the doctor.（如果有哮喘，不要喝这种茶，可能会引发过敏）

## Risk of Deveolping Hepatotoxcity ##

Drinking Rooibos tea may increase the risk of developed Hepatotoxcity. Do you know what Hepatotoxcity is? Well, it is a substance that increases enzymes in human’s liver that can damage the liver itself. There was a report made by the European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology which said that one of Rooibos tea side effects is risk in developing Hepatotoxcity in the liver.

You surely don’t want this to happen to you, do you? So next time when you are suggested to drink this tea; make sure that you have discussed this issue with your doctor to prevent damaged liver.

笔记：

**European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology有文章 报道过肝损伤，这篇文章经过确认，就是\[8\]，因为**[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00228-009-0776-7][https_link.springer.com_article_10.1007_s00228-009-0776-7]显示这篇文章发表在

[*European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology*][European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology] **volume**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FwcGxleXVjaGk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

You surely don’t want this to happen to you, do you? So next time when you are suggested to drink this tea; make sure that you have discussed this issue with your doctor to prevent damaged liver.（孕期不要喝，可能导致被胚胎中的孩子直接吸收）

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**下面内容来自\[5\]**

**4. There Is Potential for Hepatotoxicity**

A report was made in 2010 about a patient who developed hepatotoxicity after drinking rooibos.  The condition involves the increase of some liver enzymes that damage its internal structure. Although the report did not involve enough research, it is advisable to avoid consuming too much rooibos tea. In case you have a liver condition or you are on some medication, seek your doctor’s advice before taking rooibos tea.(2010年的报道提示肝毒性,该篇报道来自本文参考文献中的\[8\])

**8. May Be Toxic, Especially the Freshly Picked Leaves**

While commercially available rooibos teas go through the necessary certification, raw teas may have bacteria or salmonella contamination. Be cautious and choose rooibos tea from high quality and clean sources.

The kidney filters body fluids and is therefore involved in the processing of teas, including rooibos tea. It is worth to note that teas generally exert some strain on the kidneys. If you have kidney disease or similar conditions, it makes sense for you to avoid or limit consumption of rooibos and other teas. You should also discuss consumption of tea with your doctor.（茶水会对肾脏施加压力）

While the tea does not contain caffeine or tannin, rooibos tea side effects may overshadow its benefits. Caution is advised in drinking rooibos beverages. It is better to stick with regular and green teas which have been better studied than to experiment with this tea that could lead to emergencies for those allergic to it.（推荐优先引用被充分研究过的绿茶，而不是rooibos）

If you choose to take rooibos, limit your consumption to one cup prepared from 750 mg of the leaves. This optimal dosage should be taken with meals once or twice in a day. Taking more than this may lead to side effects.(每天一到两杯，每杯不要超过750mg)

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**下面内容来自\[6\]**

**buchu和rooibos混合饮用导致肝毒性，**

**这篇学术文献最终显示是buchu的pennyroyal油具有肝毒性。**

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**下面内容来自\[7\]**

<table style="width:261px;"> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:87px;"></td> 
   <td style="width:169px;"><strong>茶多酚是否影响吸收</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:87px;">蔬菜中的铁</td> 
   <td style="width:169px;">是</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:87px;">血红素铁</td> 
   <td style="width:169px;">否</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

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**下面内容来自\[8\]**

这个病人患有的疾病和使用的药物：

<table style="width:500px;"> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:295px;"><strong>疾病</strong></td> 
   <td style="width:203px;"><strong>药物</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:295px;"><strong>low-grade B-cell malignancy(</strong><a href="https://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=%E4%BD%8E%E5%BA%A6&amp;FORM=BDVSP6&amp;cc=cn" rel="nofollow">低度</a><a href="https://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=%E6%81%B6%E6%80%A7&amp;FORM=BDVSP6&amp;cc=cn" rel="nofollow">恶性</a><a href="https://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=B&amp;FORM=BDVSP6&amp;cc=cn" rel="nofollow">B</a><a href="https://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E&amp;FORM=BDVSP6&amp;cc=cn" rel="nofollow">细胞</a><a href="https://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=%E6%80%A7&amp;FORM=BDVSP6&amp;cc=cn" rel="nofollow">性</a><a href="https://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4&amp;FORM=BDVSP6&amp;cc=cn" rel="nofollow">淋巴</a><a href="https://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=%E7%98%A4&amp;FORM=BDVSP6&amp;cc=cn" rel="nofollow">瘤</a><strong>)</strong></td> 
   <td style="width:203px;"> <p>rituximab (Mabthera) 3个月/次</p> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:295px;"><strong>Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia(瓦尔登斯特罗姆巨球蛋白血症)</strong></td> 
   <td style="width:203px;">prednisolone 5 mg/天</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:295px;"> <p><strong>prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia<br> and toxoplasmosi</strong></p> <p><strong>(吉罗维肺孢子虫肺炎</strong></p> <p><strong>和</strong></p> <p><strong>弓形虫病)</strong></p> </td> 
   <td style="width:203px;">&nbsp;co-trimoxazole</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:295px;"><strong>osteoporosis(骨质酥松)</strong></td> 
   <td style="width:203px;">alendronic acid and calcium carbonate with vitamin D as<br> prophylaxis</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:295px;">每天补充</td> 
   <td style="width:203px;">&nbsp;potassium chloride</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

该案例是在病人同时服用6种药物的前提下，服用rooibos，导致转氨酶水平升高。

停用rooibos后，配合药物，转氨酶水平恢复正常。

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**最终结论：**

**一天两杯，每杯rooibos不要超过750mg**

**不要和其他药物混合饮用，否则会导致肝毒性**

**Reference:**

\[1\][5 Rooibos Tea Benefits + Side Effects & How to Use][5 Rooibos Tea Benefits _ Side Effects _ How to Use](提到的rooibos肝毒性文章为\[8\]和\[6\])

\[2\][Hepatoprotective effect of rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) on CCl4-induced liver damage in rats][Hepatoprotective effect of rooibos tea _Aspalathus linearis_ on CCl4-induced liver damage in rats](2003年学术文献，rooibos对肝脏的保护作用)

\[3\][Risks and Side Effects of Rooibos Tea][](提到的rooibos肝毒性文章为\[6\])

\[4\][The Danger of Rooibos Tea Side Effects][]

\[5\][9 Common Side Effects of Rooibos Tea You Should Know][](提到的rooibos肝毒性文章为\[8\])

\[6\][Tea not Tincture: Hepatotoxicity Associated with Rooibos Herbal Tea][ACG Case Reports Journal](2013年学术文献)

\[7\][喝茶会不会影响对钙、铁的吸收？][Link 1]

\[8\][Possible hepatotoxic effect of rooibos tea: a case report][56](2011年学术文献,某些数据库显示为2010年)

[55]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26329421
[ALT]: https://selfhacked.com/blog/alanine-aminotransferase/
[GGT]: https://selfhacked.com/blog/elevated-ggt/
[56]: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00555615/document
[57]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4435260/
[58]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24789759
[59]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3862925/
[estrogen]: https://selfhacked.com/blog/estradiol/
[60]: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/29/6/29_6_1271/_pdf/-char/en
[61]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6273468/
[liver damage]: https://www.livestrong.com/article/217543-what-are-the-causes-of-high-liver-levels/
[ACG Case Reports Journal]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4435260/#B4
[https_link.springer.com_article_10.1007_s00228-009-0776-7]: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00228-009-0776-7
[European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology]: https://link.springer.com/journal/228
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FwcGxleXVjaGk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220829/cfe97824b03e4dc7b4d539e8cada02fe.png
[5 Rooibos Tea Benefits _ Side Effects _ How to Use]: https://selfhacked.com/blog/rooibos-tea/
[Hepatoprotective effect of rooibos tea _Aspalathus linearis_ on CCl4-induced liver damage in rats]: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12899659/
[Risks and Side Effects of Rooibos Tea]: https://www.livestrong.com/article/477116-problems-and-side-effects-of-rooibos-tea/
[The Danger of Rooibos Tea Side Effects]: https://thebeveragecorner.com/danger-rooibos-tea-side-effects/
[9 Common Side Effects of Rooibos Tea You Should Know]: https://www.just-health.net/rooibos-tea-side-effects.html
[Link 1]: https://www.puercn.com/czs/cyys/107734.html