Linux CA认证-http ssl实现

逃离我推掉我的手 2022-08-29 09:18 226阅读 0赞

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

*  CA 概述：Certificate Authority 的缩写，通常翻译成认证权威或者认证中心，主要用途是为用户发放数字证书。
 *  
 *  CA 认证的流程和公安局派出所颁发身份证的流程大致一致
 *  
 *  认证中心（CA）的功能有：证书发放、证书更新、证书撤销和证书验证。
 *  
 *  CA 证书作用：身份认证，实现数据的不可否认性。
 *  
 *  回顾一下身份证的办理过程：
 *  带上户口本（证明你合法）-》当地派出所（认证机构）-》签发证书（审核有效信息）-》去领证书
 *  
 *  接下来回顾数字证书认证过程如下图：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

*  证书请求文件:CSR 是 Cerificate Signing Request 的英文缩写，即证书请求文件，也就是证书申请者在申请数字证书时由 CSP(加密服务提供者)在生成私钥的同时也生成证书请求文件，证书申请者只要把 CSR 文件提交给证书颁发机构后，证书颁发机构使用其根证书的私钥签名就生成了证书文件，也就是颁发给用户的证书。
 *  
 *  总结：证书签名过程  
    1、 生成请求文件  
    2、 CA 确认申请者的身份真实性  
    3、 CA 使用根证书的私钥加密请求文件,生成证书  
    4、 把证书传给申请者 
 *  
 *  用户使用 CA 证书确认服务器身份过程
 *  1、请求文件发给 CA 认证中心   
    2、CA 认证 (用 CA 的私钥加密请求文件), 得到加密后的文件，这个文件就是证书 ），CA 认证中心颁发加密后的数字证书  
    3、用户访问网站并向该网站索要数字证书  
    4、用户拿到数字证书后，用浏览器中 CA 的公钥解密证书,解开后得到公钥和标识(主机名，国家，省，组织等信息)，从而确认身份。 
 *  
 *  申请收费证书
 *  https://buy.wosign.com

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

*   [https://www.shuzizhengshu.com/][https_www.shuzizhengshu.com]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

*  # 搭建 CA 认证中心 #
 *  
 *  安装 CA 认证软件包中心：
 *  \# rpm -qf \`which openssl \`

![20210801083139381.png][]

*  配置一个自己的 CA 认证中心。生成 CA 的根证书和私钥。 根证书中包括：CA 的公钥  
    \# vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf  
    改：basicConstraints=CA:FALSE  
    为：basicConstraints=CA:TRUE \#让自己成为 CA 认证中心

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

*  生成 CA 的公钥证书和私钥
 *  \# /etc/pki/tls/misc/CA -h         \#查看帮助  
    usage: /etc/pki/tls/misc/CA -newcert|-newreq|-newreq-nodes|-newca|-sign|-verify  
    选项 ：  
    \-newcert 新证书  
    \-newreq 新请求  
    \-newreq-nodes 新请求节点  
    \-newca 新的 CA 证书  
    \-sign 签证  
    \-verify 验证
 *

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

*  /etc/pki/tls/misc/CA -newca  
    **CA certificate filename (or enter to create)     \#直接回车**
    
    Making CA certificate ...  
    Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key  
    .............................+++  
    ...................................+++  
    writing new private key to '/etc/pki/CA/private/./cakey.pem'  
    **Enter PEM pass phrase:                        \#输入密码，保护私钥。  
    Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:       \#确认密码**  
    \-----  
    You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated  
    into your certificate request.  
    What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.  
    There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank  
    For some fields there will be a default value,  
    If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.  
    \-----  
    Country Name (2 letter code) \[XX\]:**CN**  
    State or Province Name (full name) \[\]:shanxi  
    Locality Name (eg, city) \[Default City\]:**yuanqu**  
    Organization Name (eg, company) \[Default Company Ltd\]:**gf-beyond  **   
    Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) \[\]**:linux**  
    Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) \[\]:**gf-beyond.com  \#普通名称（例如，您的姓名或您的服务器的主机名）,随便写. 指定 CA 认证中心服务器的名字**  
    Email Address \[\]:**gaofei0428@yeah.net**
    
    Please enter the following 'extra' attributes  
    to be sent with your certificate request  
    **A challenge password \[\]:                    \#直接回车  
    An optional company name \[\]:           \#直接回车**  
    **Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf  \# CA 服务器的配置文件。上面修改的内容会添加到这个配置文件中  
    Enter pass phrase for /etc/pki/CA/private/./cakey.pem:  \#输入刚才保护 CA私钥的密码**  
    Check that the request matches the signature  
    Signature ok  
    Certificate Details:  
            Serial Number:  
                bc:78:e6:1d:88:8f:b1:4a  
            Validity  
                Not Before: Aug  1 00:36:31 2021 GMT  
                Not After : Jul 31 00:36:31 2024 GMT  
            Subject:  
                countryName               = CN  
                stateOrProvinceName       = shanxi  
                organizationName          = gf-beyond  
                organizationalUnitName    = linux  
                commonName                = gf-beyond.com  
                emailAddress              = gaofei0428@yeah.net  
            X509v3 extensions:  
                X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:   
                    F6:EE:7D:32:F4:77:C9:8B:AC:FD:97:9C:35:50:74:C4:FE:7C:3B:F4  
                X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:   
                    keyid:F6:EE:7D:32:F4:77:C9:8B:AC:FD:97:9C:35:50:74:C4:FE:7C:3B:F4
    
                X509v3 Basic Constraints:   
                    CA:TRUE  
    Certificate is to be certified until Jul 31 00:36:31 2024 GMT (1095 days)
    
    Write out database with 1 new entries  
    Data Base Updated
 *  到此 CA 认证中心就搭建好了。
 *  
 *  **查看生成的 CA 根证书，根证书中包括 CA 公钥**
 *  **cat /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

*  /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem  
    Certificate:  
        Data:  
            Version: 3 (0x2)  
            Serial Number:  
                bc:78:e6:1d:88:8f:b1:4a  
        Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption  
          **  Issuer: C=CN, ST=shanxi, O=gf-beyond, OU=linux, CN=gf-beyond.com/emailAddress=gaofei0428@yeah.net \#CA 机构信息**  
            Validity  
                Not Before: Aug  1 00:36:31 2021 GMT  
                Not After : Jul 31 00:36:31 2024 GMT  
      **     ** Subject: C=CN, ST=shanxi, O=gf-beyond, OU=linux, CN=gf-beyond.com/emailAddress=gaofei0428@yeah.net   
    **        Subject Public Key Info:   \#CA 认证中心公钥信息**  
                Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption  
                    Public-Key: (2048 bit)
 *  
 *  **查看根证书的私钥**  
    \# cat /etc/pki/CA/private/**cakey.pem**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

--------------------

*  在 Apache 上搭建 https  
    1、基于 apache 搭建 https 的整体流程如下：  
    （1）、在 192.168.2.41 上安装 httpd  
    （2）、192.168.2.41 生成证书请求文件，发给 192.168.2.40 CA 认证中心进行签名，192.168.2.40 下发证书给 192.168.2.41  
    （3）、把证书和 httpd 相结合，实现 https  
    （4）、测试 https 认证效果 
 *  
 *  # 在 192.168.2.41 上安装：httpd web 服务器 #
 *  \# yum install httpd -y  
    \# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  
    改：95 \#ServerName www.example.com:80 \#指定 ServerName  
    为：95 ServerName :80  
    \# systemctl start httpd

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

*  生成证书请求文件，获取证书
 *  首先生成一个私钥密钥（此时还没有生成公钥）：  
    \# **openssl genrsa -des3 -out /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key**  
    参数：-des3 encrypt the generated key with DES in ede cbc mode (168 bit key) \#加密一下私钥  
    Generating RSA private key, 512 bit long modulus  
    .....++++++++++++  
    ..............................++++++++++++  
    e is 65537 (0x10001)  
    Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key:123456   \#输入保护私钥的密码，保护私 钥时，使用的加密算法是 -des3  
    Verifying - Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key: 123456
 *  
 *  **注： 有私钥可以推出来公钥，但是公钥不可以推出私钥。公钥由私钥生成**
 *  
 *  使用私钥生成证书请求文件  
    \# openssl req -new -key /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key -out /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.csr                                                                    
    
    Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key:  
    You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated  
    into your certificate request.  
    What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.  
    There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank  
    For some fields there will be a default value,  
    If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.  
    \-----  
    Country Name (2 letter code) \[XX\]:CN  
    State or Province Name (full name) \[\]:shanxi  
    Locality Name (eg, city) \[Default City\]:yuanqu      
    Organization Name (eg, company) \[Default Company Ltd\]:gf-beyond  
    Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) \[\]:linux  
    Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) \[\]:**gf-beyond.cn \#这里要求输入的 CommonName 必须与通过浏览器访问您网站的 URL 完全相同，否则用户会发现您服务器证书的通用名与站点的名字不匹配，用户就会怀疑您的证书的真实性。可以使域名也可以使用IP地址。**  
    Email Address \[\]:gaofei0428@yeah.net  
    
    Please enter the following 'extra' attributes  
    to be sent with your certificate request  
    A challenge password \[\]:  
    An optional company name \[\]:
 *  将证书请求文件发给 CA 服务器：
 *  scp /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.csr root@192.168.2.40:/tmp/
 *  --------------------
    
    在 192.168.2.40 上 CA 签名
 *  \#  openssl ca -keyfile /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -cert /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem -in /tmp/server.csr -out /opt/ca/server.crt  
    Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf  
    Enter pass phrase for /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem:  
    Check that the request matches the signature  
    Signature ok  
    Certificate Details:  
            Serial Number:  
                bc:78:e6:1d:88:8f:b1:4b  
            Validity  
                Not Before: Aug  1 01:11:44 2021 GMT  
                Not After : Aug  1 01:11:44 2022 GMT  
            Subject:  
                countryName               = CN  
                stateOrProvinceName       = shanxi  
                organizationName          = gf-beyond  
                organizationalUnitName    = linux  
                commonName                = gf-beyond.cn  
                emailAddress              = gaofei0428@yeah.net  
            X509v3 extensions:  
                X509v3 Basic Constraints:   
                    CA:TRUE  
                Netscape Comment:   
                    OpenSSL Generated Certificate  
                X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:   
                    68:9E:67:34:24:88:2B:68:F0:EC:19:73:4C:AC:0A:35:93:60:80:F9  
                X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:   
                    keyid:F6:EE:7D:32:F4:77:C9:8B:AC:FD:97:9C:35:50:74:C4:FE:7C:3B:F4
    
    Certificate is to be certified until Aug  1 01:11:44 2022 GMT (365 days)  
    Sign the certificate? \[y/n\]:y 
    
      
    1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? \[y/n\]y  
    Write out database with 1 new entries  
    Data Base Updated
 *  cat server.crt   
    Certificate:  
        Data:  
            Version: 3 (0x2)  
            Serial Number:  
                bc:78:e6:1d:88:8f:b1:4b  
        Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption  
            Issuer: C=CN, ST=shanxi, O=gf-beyond, OU=linux, CN=gf-beyond.com/emailAddress=gaofei0428@yeah.net  
            Validity  
                Not Before: Aug  1 01:11:44 2021 GMT  
                Not After : Aug  1 01:11:44 2022 GMT  
            Subject: C=CN, ST=shanxi, O=gf-beyond, OU=linux, CN=gf-beyond.cn/emailAddress=gaofei0428@yeah.net  
            Subject Public Key Info:  
                Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption  
                    Public-Key: (2048 bit)  
                    Modulus:  
                        00:b9:7d:5f:64:f0:cf:d5:e1:a1:b9:63:0b:c7:1b:  
                        20:ff:52:ca:70:5a:5a:68:82:11:c1:d2:f1:2a:ed:  
                        59:ca:88:72:ac:48:1f:af:ee:ed:43:ff:5b:02:da:  
                        97:84:50:d7:35:3f:1d:4e:bc:d6:f9:1b:0a:f0:7b:  
                        cd:eb:e3:3e:c2:0a:a6:18:a0:33:2a:86:52:5c:21:  
                        8c:7a:6d:18:a1:f6:20:ac:1d:3b:7b:b0:29:2a:98:  
                        1f:51:90:f8:dd:e2:36:5b:70:27:13:ed:a2:51:80:  
                        ae:8b:94:5a:16:1f:db:f7:d8:93:f9:ad:18:50:30:  
                        2c:16:81:e1:f1:33:7d:d4:a7:a3:e9:63:d4:d4:09:  
                        c7:fb:cd:a6:cf:e9:41:73:2e:c5:c2:aa:04:82:c4:  
                        12:1f:ad:7d:c0:86:4e:af:b7:ef:e5:d3:2f:7c:f8:  
                        dc:bd:ad:e5:7a:3b:b8:45:11:bc:0f:18:1a:4c:a9:  
                        c0:82:62:03:9f:9c:ae:9e:5e:b6:b7:57:ec:3d:03:  
                        66:19:71:53:93:7a:2e:c8:f7:db:88:6f:04:bd:30:  
                        74:de:fe:17:79:33:22:a6:29:18:7a:07:68:f7:3d:  
                        e7:87:31:06:29:ee:d2:6e:f9:bd:7a:e3:9e:5c:93:  
                        ad:9f:fd:2c:e2:c3:93:8f:b3:fe:cb:bb:ca:49:56:  
                        79:db  
                    Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)  
            X509v3 extensions:  
                X509v3 Basic Constraints:   
                    CA:TRUE  
                Netscape Comment:   
                    OpenSSL Generated Certificate  
                X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:   
                    68:9E:67:34:24:88:2B:68:F0:EC:19:73:4C:AC:0A:35:93:60:80:F9  
                X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:   
                    keyid:F6:EE:7D:32:F4:77:C9:8B:AC:FD:97:9C:35:50:74:C4:FE:7C:3B:F4
    
        Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption  
             9b:25:55:2f:33:c3:9c:a9:1d:53:d4:c3:38:04:ee:7c:8a:e1:  
             29:4c:b3:e3:f3:f8:73:a1:f6:60:58:3b:c5:d7:be:68:7c:80:  
             e8:64:97:e4:2c:e0:21:88:18:ce:8f:4e:c9:d2:0f:8c:fc:f5:  
             4a:48:b2:0e:51:c9:51:a5:73:92:09:21:8a:40:18:64:39:36:  
             3e:65:3f:92:78:7a:da:d1:4b:14:09:ab:5d:c8:31:91:a9:34:  
             b7:2b:1a:84:78:36:2b:5a:89:da:c3:12:a2:d2:e8:4c:88:a6:  
             03:f5:d0:81:bd:b4:76:4a:6b:f1:07:0a:68:9c:cb:6a:ec:c9:  
             9f:37:d1:7f:1e:27:67:11:e0:89:18:3b:c4:9d:df:ad:df:21:  
             21:52:01:48:2a:37:d3:a9:ec:c0:b0:e7:5e:22:8a:2c:17:06:  
             ea:5e:40:c8:36:e9:87:09:1e:f9:dc:2f:fd:82:2f:95:40:59:  
             6b:44:9d:23:ae:04:d3:7b:a8:71:92:a1:1c:8c:eb:ff:4f:78:  
             68:3f:33:f6:38:f6:c3:06:45:72:20:2a:41:4f:8e:97:51:bc:  
             f6:0a:33:c2:72:a0:0c:66:a9:c1:57:80:d5:25:2f:fb:fb:33:  
             fc:d0:b8:cd:56:54:c2:ba:98:aa:42:17:1d:44:dc:23:a9:6c:  
             55:37:cd:59  
    \-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----  
    MIID/DCCAuSgAwIBAgIJALx45h2Ij7FLMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMH4xCzAJBgNV  
    BAYTAkNOMQ8wDQYDVQQIDAZzaGFueGkxEjAQBgNVBAoMCWdmLWJleW9uZDEOMAwG  
    A1UECwwFbGludXgxFjAUBgNVBAMMDWdmLWJleW9uZC5jb20xIjAgBgkqhkiG9w0B  
    CQEWE2dhb2ZlaTA0MjhAeWVhaC5uZXQwHhcNMjEwODAxMDExMTQ0WhcNMjIwODAx  
    MDExMTQ0WjB9MQswCQYDVQQGEwJDTjEPMA0GA1UECAwGc2hhbnhpMRIwEAYDVQQK  
    DAlnZi1iZXlvbmQxDjAMBgNVBAsMBWxpbnV4MRUwEwYDVQQDDAxnZi1iZXlvbmQu  
    Y24xIjAgBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWE2dhb2ZlaTA0MjhAeWVhaC5uZXQwggEiMA0GCSqG  
    SIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQC5fV9k8M/V4aG5YwvHGyD/UspwWlpoghHB  
    0vEq7VnKiHKsSB+v7u1D/1sC2peEUNc1Px1OvNb5Gwrwe83r4z7CCqYYoDMqhlJc  
    IYx6bRih9iCsHTt7sCkqmB9RkPjd4jZbcCcT7aJRgK6LlFoWH9v32JP5rRhQMCwW  
    geHxM33Up6PpY9TUCcf7zabP6UFzLsXCqgSCxBIfrX3Ahk6vt+/l0y98+Ny9reV6  
    O7hFEbwPGBpMqcCCYgOfnK6eXra3V+w9A2YZcVOTei7I99uIbwS9MHTe/hd5MyKm  
    KRh6B2j3PeeHMQYp7tJu+b16455ck62f/Sziw5OPs/7Lu8pJVnnbAgMBAAGjfjB8  
    MAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wLAYJYIZIAYb4QgENBB8WHU9wZW5TU0wgR2VuZXJhdGVk  
    IENlcnRpZmljYXRlMB0GA1UdDgQWBBRonmc0JIgraPDsGXNMrAo1k2CA+TAfBgNV  
    HSMEGDAWgBT27n0y9HfJi6z9l5w1UHTE/nw79DANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEA  
    myVVLzPDnKkdU9TDOATufIrhKUyz4/P4c6H2YFg7xde+aHyA6GSX5CzgIYgYzo9O  
    ydIPjPz1SkiyDlHJUaVzkgkhikAYZDk2PmU/knh62tFLFAmrXcgxkak0tysahHg2  
    K1qJ2sMSotLoTIimA/XQgb20dkpr8QcKaJzLauzJnzfRfx4nZxHgiRg7xJ3frd8h  
    IVIBSCo306nswLDnXiKKLBcG6l5AyDbphwke+dwv/YIvlUBZa0SdI64E03uocZKh  
    HIzr/094aD8z9jj2wwZFciAqQU+Ol1G89gozwnKgDGapwVeA1SUv+/sz/NC4zVZU  
    wrqYqkIXHUTcI6lsVTfNWQ==  
    \-----END CERTIFICATE-----
 *  将证书复制到 192.168.2.41
 *  scp server.crt root@192.168.2.41:/opt/ca

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

*  使用证书实现 https
 *  
 *  SSL 四次握手实现安全传输数据
 *  
 *  SSL 概述：（Secure Socket Layer）安全套接字层，通过一种机制在互联网上提供密钥传输。  
    其主要目标是保证两个应用间通信数据的保密性和可靠性，可在服务器端和用户端同时支持的一种加密算法。目前主流版本 SSLV2、SSLV3（常用）。  
    注：SSL作用，可以让你在一个不安全的公网环境中，安全传输你的密钥。
 *  
 *  SSL 应用情景： 
 *  存在安全隐患： 客户端和服务器之间传输数据时，如果何保证数据的安全？ 加密！  
    问题：这个密码如何在不安全的公网环境中，安全的传输给你？ 
 *  SSL 四次握手安全传输流程如下：  
    C（client 客户端） ------------------------------> S（server 服务端）  
    （1）、 客户端请求一个安全的会话，协商加密算法  
    C <------------------------------------------------- S  
     （2）、服务端将自己的证书传给客户端  
    C -------------------------------------------------> S  
    （3）、客户端用浏览中存放CA的根证书检测192.168.2.41证书，确认是要访问的网站。  
    客户端使用CA根证书中的公钥解密192.168.2.41的证书，从而得到192.168.2.41的公钥；  
    然后客户端生成一把对称的加密密钥，用192.168.2.41的公钥加密这个对称加密的密钥发给192.168.2.41。 后期使用对称密钥加密数据  
    C <------------------------------------------------> S  
    （4）、192.168.2.41使用私钥解密，得到对称加密的密钥。从而，使用对称加密密钥来进行安全快速传输数据。这里使用对称加密数据，是因为对称加密和解密速度快
 *  
 *  总结 SSL 四次握手流程整体分两个过程：  
    过程 1： 确认身份；过程 2：生成一把对称加密密钥，传输数据。
 *  在 192.168.2.41上配置 HTTPS web 服务器  
    安装 SSL 模块
 *  yum install mod\_ssl -y 
 *  配置 apache 加载证书文件
 *  查看私钥

![20210801092203151.png][]

*  vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf  
    改：100 SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/localhost.crt   
    为：100 SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.crt  
    改：107 SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/localhost.key  
    为：107 SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

*  systemctl restart httpd  
    **Enter SSL pass phrase for :443 (RSA) : \*\*\*\*\*\*   \#httpd 私钥密码 **
 *  查看 443 端口
 *  ss -nultp|grep 443       
    tcp    LISTEN     0      511    \[::\]:443                \[::\]:\*                   users:(("httpd",pid=2204,fd=6),("httpd",pid=2203,fd=6),("httpd",pid=2202,fd=6),("httpd",pid=2201,fd=6),("httpd",pid=2200,fd=6),("httpd",pid=2193,fd=6))
 *  打开浏览器访问 https://192.168.2.41

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]

*  # 使用 Nginx 实现 https #
 *  在 192.168.2.41 上安装启动 nginx

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]

*   配置 Nginx 实现 https
 *   vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf      **\#在最后 \}  前添加上以下内容  
    ................**  
    server \{  
     listen 443 ssl;  
     keepalive\_timeout 70;  
       
     location / \{  
     root /usr/share/nginx/html;  
     index index.html index.htm;  
     \}  
     ssl\_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;  
     ssl\_ciphers AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:RC4-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:RC4-MD5;  
     ssl\_certificate /etc/nginx/conf.d/server.crt;  
     ssl\_certificate\_key /etc/nginx/conf.d/server.key;  
     ssl\_session\_cache shared:SSL:10m;  
     ssl\_session\_timeout 10m;  
    \}  
    **\}**
 *  \\cp /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.\* /etc/nginx/conf.d/
 *  nginx -t  
    Enter PEM pass phrase:  
    nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok  
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful  
    nginx -s reload

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19][]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220829/5b9be6d26f544628b9e6151d5b18dc3a.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220829/78acb34256a84c179b9728dee659c008.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20220829/822fec82d5f5448ebb93fab4f2d50481.png
[https_www.shuzizhengshu.com]: https://www.shuzizhengshu.com/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20220829/caf3cae874914a50960fa562f16cf3f1.png
[20210801083139381.png]: /images/20220829/5168b95ee97b46c39e83ce26e59002fd.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: /images/20220829/a61b4df7e0ea46758f304284e72ae232.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: /images/20220829/52b1151040444a1589dec1a888b00822.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: /images/20220829/105f31095a384835ab567d3b7499b947.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]: /images/20220829/22582d976f5641f1860bc73d6282d559.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]: /images/20220829/029a1e17b3b046bb8df455302e1992ff.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]: /images/20220829/bfb95aa0104f49dca688bbdce5a89594.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]: /images/20220829/b636ba643c8a4b8b972799ac047f4f3d.png
[20210801092203151.png]: /images/20220829/1af5c7c3e4b94a7f9499c2d527111256.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]: /images/20220829/287f0c2ce66b4f98bfc55c5e62625e0b.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]: /images/20220829/a975759b7c134fcfa562c59c82659998.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]: /images/20220829/646e0103047349cd8b2193ce28b55785.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]: /images/20220829/779b865509db4a91beceda2ea55569a9.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]: /images/20220829/3452ca9455ce4acd968f1780f87e7325.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]: /images/20220829/38d2dce1f04b4639815092b7b33cd94a.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]: /images/20220829/bf1b31c23acb4a80bce9249dfc65dd16.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18]: /images/20220829/a86939e696b3426e905bed676893ccac.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2dhb2ZlaTA0Mjg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19]: /images/20220829/501268a016684793beab0231dc1088cd.png