Docker Review - docker 容器常用命令

￡神魔★判官ぃ 2022-08-28 09:00 237阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  容器相关的命令
 *   *  下载一个centos的基础镜像
     *  新建容器并启动 docker run
     *   *  操作说明
         *  启动并进入容器
     *  查看当前有哪些容器正在运行 docker ps
 *  启动容器
 *  停止容器
 *  重启容器
 *  强制停止
 *  进入容器
 *  退出容器
 *  删除容器
 *  删除所有停止的容器
 *  其他常用命令
 *   *  查看当前系统Docker信息
     *  后台启动容器
     *  docker logs 查看日志
     *  docker top
     *  查看镜像中的元数据 docker inspect
     *  进入当前正在运行的容器
     *  从容器内拷贝文件到主机上 docker cp
 *  命令总览 docker help

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# 容器相关的命令 #

先有个认知： **有镜像才能创建容器**

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## 下载一个centos的基础镜像 ##

我们来看个例子 : 下载一个centos的基础镜像

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker pull centos
    Using default tag: latest
    latest: Pulling from library/centos
    a1d0c7532777: Pull complete
    Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
    Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
    docker.io/library/centos:latest
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
    centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 weeks ago   231MB
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#

![在这里插入图片描述][6e6860605ccf49be9caeb1b4898387ad.gif_pic_center]

--------------------

## 新建容器并启动 docker run ##

[https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_run]

![在这里插入图片描述][3a3813068b9d4cd895ec61de406b2511.png]

### 操作说明 ###

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Option 太多了，看官文吧 ，这里挑几个常用的

$ docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

# 参数说明
    --name="Name"    容器名字 ,任意指定,用来区分容器
    -d               后台方式运行
    -it              使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
    -p               指定容器端口  -p 8080:8080
    
        -p ip:主机端口:容器端口
        -p 主机端口:容器端口  （常用）
        -p 容器端口
        容器端口
        
    -P               随机指定端口

### 启动并进入容器 ###

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
    centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 weeks ago   231MB
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    
    # 启动并进入容器 
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
    [root@23e62436c0c5 /]# ls
    bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
    [root@23e62436c0c5 /]# pwd
    /
    
    # 从容器中退回主机
    [root@23e62436c0c5 /]# exit
    exit
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# pwd
    /root
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#

![在这里插入图片描述][131f09df25604b159e712b4e4324b394.png]

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## 查看当前有哪些容器正在运行 docker ps ##

[https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/ps/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_ps]

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# docker ps 显示正常运行的容器
    -a   # 显示当前正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
    -n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
    -q   # 只显示容器的编号

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 显示正常运行的容器
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 显示当前正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
    23e62436c0c5   centos         "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago   Exited (0) 3 minutes ago             admiring_austin
    95a5e684ea82   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      44 hours ago    Exited (0) 44 hours ago              dazzling_davinci
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 查看帮助 
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps --help
    
    Usage:  docker ps [OPTIONS]
    
    List containers
    
    Options:
      -a, --all             Show all containers (default shows just running)
      -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
          --format string   Pretty-print containers using a Go template
      -n, --last int        Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)
      -l, --latest          Show the latest created container (includes all states)
          --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
      -q, --quiet           Only display container IDs
      -s, --size            Display total file sizes
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps -n=1
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
    23e62436c0c5   centos    "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Exited (0) 4 minutes ago             admiring_austin
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps -aq
    23e62436c0c5
    95a5e684ea82
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#

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--------------------

# 启动容器 #

docker start container_name/container_id      # 启动容器

[https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/start/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_start]

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# 停止容器 #

[https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/stop/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_stop]

docker stop container_name/container_id       # 停止当前正在运行的容器

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# 重启容器 #

docker restart container_name/container_id   # 重启容器

[https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/restart/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_restart]

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# 强制停止 #

docker kill container_name/container_id         # 强制停止当前容器

[https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/kill/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_kill]  
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# 进入容器 #

后台启动一个容器后，如果想进入到这个容器，可以使用attach命令

docker attach container_name/container_id

[https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/attach/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_attach]  
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--------------------

# 退出容器 #

exit          # 直接退出容器并停止
    Ctrl + P + Q  # 退出容器但是容器不停止

# 查看 
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps 发现无运行的容器 
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
    [root@5fa6e10931b5 /]#
    [root@5fa6e10931b5 /]# Ctrl + P + Q # 退出容器但是容器不停止
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 查看运行的容器 
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps 发现容器并没有退出，区别于exit 
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    5fa6e10931b5   centos    "/bin/bash"   19 seconds ago   Up 18 seconds             agitated_pare
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 进入容器 
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker attach 5fa6e10931b5
    [root@5fa6e10931b5 /]#
    [root@5fa6e10931b5 /]#

--------------------

# 删除容器 #

[https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/rm/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_rm]

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docker rm container_name/container_id   # 不能删除正在运行的容器

# 删除所有停止的容器 #

docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)

--------------------

# 其他常用命令 #

## 查看当前系统Docker信息 ##

[https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/info/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_info]

docker info

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 9]

--------------------

## 后台启动容器 ##

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -d centos
    04abf017a5b00eb23707c07dc0d0d521d022bc9bba3d7a59d2aca855e87422c5
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

问题docker ps ，发现 centos 停止了

> docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就自动停止

--------------------

## docker logs 查看日志 ##

[https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/logs/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_logs]

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[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run --name test -d centos sh -c "while true; do $(echo date); sleep 1; done"
    d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker logs -f --until=2s test
    Wed Oct  6 12:31:43 UTC 2021
    Wed Oct  6 12:31:44 UTC 2021
    Wed Oct  6 12:31:45 UTC 2021
    Wed Oct  6 12:31:46 UTC 2021

--------------------

## docker top ##

[https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/top/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_top]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 12]

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
    d0dd49e573ce   centos    "sh -c 'while true; …"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             test
    3b68181c277f   centos    "/bin/bash"              6 minutes ago        Up 6 minutes                  wizardly_hopper
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker top d0dd49e573ce
    UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
    root                24424               24405               0                   20:31               ?                   00:00:00            sh -c while true; do date; sleep 1; done
    root                25067               24424               0                   20:33               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker top 3b68181c277f
    UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
    root                23338               23317               0                   20:26               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#

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--------------------

## 查看镜像中的元数据 docker inspect ##

[https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/inspect/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_inspect]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 13]

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
    d0dd49e573ce   centos    "sh -c 'while true; …"   3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes             test
    3b68181c277f   centos    "/bin/bash"              8 minutes ago   Up 8 minutes             wizardly_hopper
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker inspect d0dd49e573ce
    [
        { 
            "Id": "d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc",
            "Created": "2021-10-06T12:31:43.01364583Z",
            "Path": "sh",
            "Args": [
                "-c",
                "while true; do date; sleep 1; done"
            ],
            "State": { 
                "Status": "running",
                "Running": true,
                "Paused": false,
                "Restarting": false,
                "OOMKilled": false,
                "Dead": false,
                "Pid": 24424,
                "ExitCode": 0,
                "Error": "",
                "StartedAt": "2021-10-06T12:31:43.314744794Z",
                "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
            },
            "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
            "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc/resolv.conf",
            "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc/hostname",
            "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc/hosts",
            "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc-json.log",
            "Name": "/test",
            "RestartCount": 0,
            "Driver": "overlay2",
            "Platform": "linux",
            "MountLabel": "",
            "ProcessLabel": "",
            "AppArmorProfile": "",
            "ExecIDs": null,
            "HostConfig": { 
                "Binds": null,
                "ContainerIDFile": "",
                "LogConfig": { 
                    "Type": "json-file",
                    "Config": { }
                },
                "NetworkMode": "default",
                "PortBindings": { },
                "RestartPolicy": { 
                    "Name": "no",
                    "MaximumRetryCount": 0
                },
                "AutoRemove": false,
                "VolumeDriver": "",
                "VolumesFrom": null,
                "CapAdd": null,
                "CapDrop": null,
                "CgroupnsMode": "host",
                "Dns": [],
                "DnsOptions": [],
                "DnsSearch": [],
                "ExtraHosts": null,
                "GroupAdd": null,
                "IpcMode": "private",
                "Cgroup": "",
                "Links": null,
                "OomScoreAdj": 0,
                "PidMode": "",
                "Privileged": false,
                "PublishAllPorts": false,
                "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
                "SecurityOpt": null,
                "UTSMode": "",
                "UsernsMode": "",
                "ShmSize": 67108864,
                "Runtime": "runc",
                "ConsoleSize": [
                    0,
                    0
                ],
                "Isolation": "",
                "CpuShares": 0,
                "Memory": 0,
                "NanoCpus": 0,
                "CgroupParent": "",
                "BlkioWeight": 0,
                "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
                "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
                "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
                "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
                "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
                "CpuPeriod": 0,
                "CpuQuota": 0,
                "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
                "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
                "CpusetCpus": "",
                "CpusetMems": "",
                "Devices": [],
                "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
                "DeviceRequests": null,
                "KernelMemory": 0,
                "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
                "MemoryReservation": 0,
                "MemorySwap": 0,
                "MemorySwappiness": null,
                "OomKillDisable": false,
                "PidsLimit": null,
                "Ulimits": null,
                "CpuCount": 0,
                "CpuPercent": 0,
                "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
                "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
                "MaskedPaths": [
                    "/proc/asound",
                    "/proc/acpi",
                    "/proc/kcore",
                    "/proc/keys",
                    "/proc/latency_stats",
                    "/proc/timer_list",
                    "/proc/timer_stats",
                    "/proc/sched_debug",
                    "/proc/scsi",
                    "/sys/firmware"
                ],
                "ReadonlyPaths": [
                    "/proc/bus",
                    "/proc/fs",
                    "/proc/irq",
                    "/proc/sys",
                    "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
                ]
            },
            "GraphDriver": { 
                "Data": { 
                    "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff23509532fdb929a71fc16b935635699b212284aad75b2ba1a98c12be9e8188-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/75393e5cf278f83ef25913983a4eb3dfc84b59c157c393721f7b7287df241fe1/diff",
                    "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff23509532fdb929a71fc16b935635699b212284aad75b2ba1a98c12be9e8188/merged",
                    "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff23509532fdb929a71fc16b935635699b212284aad75b2ba1a98c12be9e8188/diff",
                    "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff23509532fdb929a71fc16b935635699b212284aad75b2ba1a98c12be9e8188/work"
                },
                "Name": "overlay2"
            },
            "Mounts": [],
            "Config": { 
                "Hostname": "d0dd49e573ce",
                "Domainname": "",
                "User": "",
                "AttachStdin": false,
                "AttachStdout": false,
                "AttachStderr": false,
                "Tty": false,
                "OpenStdin": false,
                "StdinOnce": false,
                "Env": [
                    "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
                ],
                "Cmd": [
                    "sh",
                    "-c",
                    "while true; do date; sleep 1; done"
                ],
                "Image": "centos",
                "Volumes": null,
                "WorkingDir": "",
                "Entrypoint": null,
                "OnBuild": null,
                "Labels": { 
                    "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                    "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                    "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                    "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                    "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
                }
            },
            "NetworkSettings": { 
                "Bridge": "",
                "SandboxID": "8a50bb225a56d6a6d1a22a81d0800dab5a69a64c085854506efa7e32368f120d",
                "HairpinMode": false,
                "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
                "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                "Ports": { },
                "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/8a50bb225a56",
                "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
                "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
                "EndpointID": "cb85731792a00f6a5551deb0c9d014d77cd0b40d36280998858916f302c97379",
                "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
                "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                "IPAddress": "172.18.0.3",
                "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                "IPv6Gateway": "",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03",
                "Networks": { 
                    "bridge": { 
                        "IPAMConfig": null,
                        "Links": null,
                        "Aliases": null,
                        "NetworkID": "f35f03a9225f5e0d05a8c929f9f23f46f1b6fae73962b04c1b0c300f6d062681",
                        "EndpointID": "cb85731792a00f6a5551deb0c9d014d77cd0b40d36280998858916f302c97379",
                        "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
                        "IPAddress": "172.18.0.3",
                        "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                        "IPv6Gateway": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                        "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03",
                        "DriverOpts": null
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    ]
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#

--------------------

## 进入当前正在运行的容器 ##

[https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/exec/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_exec]

# 命令 docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 14]

方式一 docker exec

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    d0dd49e573ce   centos    "sh -c 'while true; …"   6 minutes ago    Up 6 minutes              test
    3b68181c277f   centos    "/bin/bash"              11 minutes ago   Up 11 minutes             wizardly_hopper
    
    # 进入容器 
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker exec -it d0dd49e573ce /bin/bash
    [root@d0dd49e573ce /]# ps -ef
    UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
    root         1     0  0 12:31 ?        00:00:00 sh -c while true; do date; sleep 1; done
    root       813     0  0 12:38 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
    root       839     1  0 12:38 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
    root       840   813  0 12:38 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
    [root@d0dd49e573ce /]#

方式二 docker attach

![在这里插入图片描述][bfc459f78b5848ed957bfe8f25713a92.png]

--------------------

## 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上 docker cp ##

[https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/cp/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_cp]

命令 docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 15]

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    d0dd49e573ce   centos    "sh -c 'while true; …"   9 minutes ago    Up 9 minutes              test
    3b68181c277f   centos    "/bin/bash"              14 minutes ago   Up 14 minutes             wizardly_hopper
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker attach 3b68181c277f
    [root@3b68181c277f /]#
    [root@3b68181c277f /]#
    [root@3b68181c277f /]# ps -ef
    UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
    root         1     0  0 12:26 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
    root        15     1  0 12:41 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
    [root@3b68181c277f /]#
    [root@3b68181c277f /]# pwd
    /
    [root@3b68181c277f /]# ls
    bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
    
    # 在容器的根目录 / 创建一个文件 artisan.log 
    [root@3b68181c277f /]# touch artisan.log
    [root@3b68181c277f /]#
     
    [root@3b68181c277f /]# ls artisan.log
    artisan.log
    [root@3b68181c277f /]# pwd
    /
    
    # 退出容器
    [root@3b68181c277f /]# exit
    exit
    
    # 宿主机上执行 docker cp 将容器内/artisan.log 拷贝到 宿主机的/root目录下 
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker cp 3b68181c277f:/artisan.log /root
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 查看copy的文件 
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# cd /root
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# ls
    artisan.log  helloboot-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.conf  helloboot-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar  soft
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# ll artisan.log
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct  6 20:42 artisan.log
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#

# 命令总览 docker help #

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker help
    
    Usage:  docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
    
    A self-sufficient runtime for containers
    
    Options:
          --config string      Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
      -c, --context string     Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context
                               set with "docker context use")
      -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
      -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
      -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
          --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
          --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
          --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
          --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
          --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
      -v, --version            Print version information and quit
    
    Management Commands:
      app*        Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
      builder     Manage builds
      buildx*     Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.6.1-docker)
      config      Manage Docker configs
      container   Manage containers
      context     Manage contexts
      image       Manage images
      manifest    Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
      network     Manage networks
      node        Manage Swarm nodes
      plugin      Manage plugins
      scan*       Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.8.0)
      secret      Manage Docker secrets
      service     Manage services
      stack       Manage Docker stacks
      swarm       Manage Swarm
      system      Manage Docker
      trust       Manage trust on Docker images
      volume      Manage volumes
    
    Commands:
      attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
      build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
      commit      Create a new image from a container's changes cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem create Create a new container diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
      events      Get real time events from the server
      exec        Run a command in a running container
      export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive history Show the history of an image images List images import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image info Display system-wide information inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects kill Kill one or more running containers load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN login Log in to a Docker registry logout Log out from a Docker registry logs Fetch the logs of a container pause Pause all processes within one or more containers port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container ps List containers pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry push Push an image or a repository to a registry rename Rename a container restart Restart one or more containers rm Remove one or more containers rmi Remove one or more images run Run a command in a new container save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) search Search the Docker Hub for images start Start one or more stopped containers stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics stop Stop one or more running containers tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE top Display the running processes of a container unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers update Update configuration of one or more containers version Show the Docker version information wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
    
    To get more help with docker, check out our guides at https://docs.docker.com/go/guides/
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#

[https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_run]

![在这里插入图片描述][2a8d0980082b4e01ad7c7bbb53a48b53.gif_pic_center]

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[6e6860605ccf49be9caeb1b4898387ad.gif_pic_center]: /images/20220828/67684d3b532a4473b58068c32a8da925.png
[https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_run]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/
[3a3813068b9d4cd895ec61de406b2511.png]: /images/20220828/e0a48a9424f442e5bf477ae8ca94ada0.png
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[131f09df25604b159e712b4e4324b394.png]: /images/20220828/3c60f729c36b4dce9cf57d19e8b17f81.png
[https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_ps]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/ps/
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 2]: /images/20220828/844aeb44061746e385e16c0e09f89c3f.png
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[https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_start]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/start/
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 3]: /images/20220828/2b0d54248ddf4f8393263b95145876e2.png
[https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_stop]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/stop/
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 4]: /images/20220828/455db626a709487c8a4f0c391e3e9f1e.png
[https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_restart]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/restart/
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 5]: /images/20220828/d0375c4ba47b4e9f85760e9682ee2557.png
[https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_kill]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/kill/
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 6]: /images/20220828/5ea5dc34cbc24e64b1398de5caa9d11f.png
[https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_attach]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/attach/
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 7]: /images/20220828/539422c967cb4460a3f7f745c0811bd1.png
[https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_rm]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/rm/
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 8]: /images/20220828/e890c15550924cef9381a8e6da309499.png
[https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_info]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/info/
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 9]: /images/20220828/aa604e8b3ad54b859bbdb1eefa984167.png
[https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_logs]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/logs/
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 10]: /images/20220828/326a6618d50b4f959b78be463a6fe684.png
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 11]: /images/20220828/037bab277a5946d4886eb3d42a6ddeaa.png
[https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_top]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/top/
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 12]: /images/20220828/9a3d6acc3e2c46a8a45de1782f30d4f3.png
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[https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_inspect]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/inspect/
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 13]: /images/20220828/86197b79b11f431499752038fd79485b.png
[https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_exec]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/exec/
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 14]: /images/20220828/d24d3a7bbe81478f876ca522bdf03774.png
[bfc459f78b5848ed957bfe8f25713a92.png]: /images/20220828/dc0eb34851af491e9d801c7a9867451f.png
[https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_commandline_cp]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/cp/
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 15]: /images/20220828/34f3d72c0a114f5284444f69c94bb534.png
[https_docs.docker.com_engine_reference_run]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/
[2a8d0980082b4e01ad7c7bbb53a48b53.gif_pic_center]: /images/20220828/c19d1ef44cf744c0ba1f46c51b92930d.png