ElasticSearch--布尔查询--使用/教程/实例

忘是亡心i 2022-08-28 05:53 297阅读 0赞

原文网址：[ElasticSearch--布尔查询--使用/教程/实例\_IT利刃出鞘的博客-CSDN博客][ElasticSearch--_--_IT_-CSDN]

# 简介 #

**说明**

本文用实例介绍ES的布尔查询的使用，实例有：简单查询、复杂查询：嵌套查询（布尔查询中有布尔查询）。

布尔查询的所有子查询之间的逻辑关系是与（and）：只有当一个文档满足布尔查询中的所有子查询条件时，ElasticSearch引擎才认为该文档满足查询条件。

对于单个子句，只要一个文档满足该子句的查询条件，返回的逻辑结果就是true。对于should子句，它一般包含多个子查询条件，参数 minimum\_should\_match 控制文档必须满足should子句中的子查询条件的数量，只有当文档满足 minimum\_should\_match 时，should子句返回的逻辑结果才是true。

**布尔查询的子查询**

布尔查询支持的子查询类型共有四种，分别是：must，should，must\_not和filter：

*  **must**：文档必须匹配must查询条件；（相当于逻辑与）
 *  **should**：文档应该匹配should子句查询条件（相当于逻辑或）
    
     *  若查询语句中有must或者filter，则should只影响评分，文档就算是没有匹配should中的项也会被查到（即：匹配should中的**0项**）
     *  若查询语句中没有must和filter，文档必须匹配should中的**至少1项**
 *  **must\_not**：与must相反，匹配该选项下的查询条件的文档不会被返回（相当于逻辑与）
 *  **filter**：和must—样 ，匹配filter选项下的查询条件的文档才会被返回；跟must的区别是：filter不评分（即：不影响score），只起到过滤功能。（相当于逻辑与）

四个子句，都可以是数组字段，因此，支持嵌套逻辑操作的查询。

**官网**

[Bool Query | Elasticsearch Reference \[7.15\] | Elastic][Bool Query _ Elasticsearch Reference _7.15_ _ Elastic]

# **详解** #

**说明**

布尔查询将多个查询条件组合在一起。

在布尔查询中，查询被分为Query Context 和 Filter Context。must和should使用Query Context；filter参数和must\_not参数使用Filter Context。这两个查询上下文的唯一区别是：Filter Context不影响查询的评分（score）。

由于过滤上下文不影响查询的评分，而评分计算让搜索变得复杂，消耗更多CPU资源，因此，filter和must\_not查询能减轻搜索的工作负载。若经常使用Filter Context，引擎会自动缓存数据，提高查询性能。

**should**

通常should子句是数组字段，包含多个should子查询。默认情况下，匹配的文档必须满足其中大于等于0个子查询条件。该数值由minimum\_should\_match控制。

如果查询语句中有must或者filter，文档就算是没有匹配should中的项也会被查到，在这种情况下，should子句仅用来影响评分。（也就是minimum\_should\_match为0）。

如果查询语句中没有must也没有filter，那么文档必须匹配should中的至少一项。（也就是minimum\_should\_match为1）。

例如，对于以下should查询，一个文档必须满足should子句中两个以上的词条查询：

{
      "query": { 
        "bool": { 
          "should": [
            { "match": { "title": "ElasticSearch 学习"}},
            { "match": { "title": "Java学习笔记" }},
            { "match": { "title": "搜索引擎学习笔记" }}
          ],
          "minimum_should_match" : 2
        }
      }
    }

# 索引结构和数据 #

为了下边的实例，先创建好索引，然后插入数据。

**索引结构**

http://localhost:9200/  
PUT blog

{
        "mappings": {
            "properties": {
                "id":{
                    "type":"long"
                },
                "title": {
                    "type": "text"
                },
                "content": {
                    "type": "text"
                },
                "author":{
                    "type": "text",
                    "fields": {
                        "keyword": {
                            "type": "keyword"
                        }
                    }
                },
                "category":{
                    "type": "keyword"
                },
                "createTime": {
                    "type": "date",
                    "format":"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS||yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS||yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||epoch_millis"
                },
                "updateTime": {
                    "type": "date",
                    "format":"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS||yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS||yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||epoch_millis"
                },
                "status":{
                    "type":"integer"
                },
                "serialNum": {
                    "type": "keyword"
                }
            }
        }
    }

**数据**

*  每个文档必须独占一行，不能换行。
 *  此命令要放到postman中去执行，如果用head执行会失败

http://localhost:9200/  
POST \_bulk

{"index":{"_index":"blog","_id":1}}
    {"blogId":1,"title":"Spring Data ElasticSearch学习教程1","content":"这是批量添加的文档1","author":"Iron Man","category":"ElasticSearch","status":1,"serialNum":"1","createTime":"2021-10-10 11:52:01.249","updateTime":null}
    {"index":{"_index":"blog","_id":2}}
    {"blogId":2,"title":"Spring Data ElasticSearch学习教程2","content":"这是批量添加的文档2","author":"Iron Man","category":"ElasticSearch","status":1,"serialNum":"2","createTime":"2021-10-10 11:52:02.249","updateTime":null}
    {"index":{"_index":"blog","_id":3}}
    {"blogId":3,"title":"Spring Data ElasticSearch学习教程3","content":"这是批量添加的文档3","author":"Captain America","category":"ElasticSearch","status":1,"serialNum":"3","createTime":"2021-10-10 11:52:03.249","updateTime":null}
    {"index":{"_index":"blog","_id":4}}
    {"blogId":4,"title":"Spring Data ElasticSearch学习教程4","content":"这是批量添加的文档4","author":"Captain America","category":"ElasticSearch","status":1,"serialNum":"4","createTime":"2021-10-10 11:52:04.249","updateTime":null}
    {"index":{"_index":"blog","_id":5}}
    {"blogId":5,"title":"Spring Data ElasticSearch学习教程5","content":"这是批量添加的文档5","author":"Spider Man","category":"ElasticSearch","status":1,"serialNum":"5","createTime":"2021-10-10 11:52:05.249","updateTime":null}
    {"index":{"_index":"blog","_id":6}}
    {"blogId":6,"title":"Java学习教程6","content":"这是批量添加的文档6","author":"Spider Man","category":"ElasticSearch","status":1,"serialNum":"6","createTime":"2021-10-10 11:52:06.249","updateTime":null}
    {"index":{"_index":"blog","_id":7}}
    {"blogId":7,"title":"Java学习教程7","content":"这是批量添加的文档7","author":"Iron Man","category":"ElasticSearch","status":1,"serialNum":"7","createTime":"2021-10-10 11:52:07.249","updateTime":null}
    {"index":{"_index":"blog","_id":8}}
    {"blogId":8,"title":"Java学习教程8","content":"这是批量添加的文档8","author":"Iron Man","category":"ElasticSearch","status":1,"serialNum":"8","createTime":"2021-10-10 11:52:08.249","updateTime":null}
    {"index":{"_index":"blog","_id":9}}
    {"blogId":9,"title":"Java学习教程9","content":"这是批量添加的文档9","author":"Captain America","category":"ElasticSearch","status":1,"serialNum":"9","createTime":"2021-10-10 11:52:09.249","updateTime":null}
    {"index":{"_index":"blog","_id":10}}
    {"blogId":10,"title":"Java学习教程10","content":"这是批量添加的文档10","author":"God Of Thunder","category":"ElasticSearch","status":1,"serialNum":"10","createTime":"2021-10-10 11:52:10.249","updateTime":null}

执行之后的结果

![watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBASVTliKnliIPlh7rpnpg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16][]

# 简单查询 #

## 正确写法 ##

**实例1：不指定minimum\_should\_match**

需求：查询标题中带有“java”的博客，作者名字若包含“Iron”或者“Captain”则靠前展示。

[http://localhost:9200/][http_localhost_9200]

POST blog/\_search

{
        "query": {
            "bool": {
                "must": {
                    "match": {
                        "title": "java"
                    }
                },
                "should": [{
                        "match": {
                            "author": "Iron"
                        }
                    }, {
                        "match": {
                            "author": "Captain"
                        }
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    }

结果

![watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBASVTliKnliIPlh7rpnpg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 1][]

贴出所有结果

{
        "took": 10,
        "timed_out": false,
        "_shards": {
            "total": 5,
            "successful": 5,
            "skipped": 0,
            "failed": 0
        },
        "hits": {
            "total": {
                "value": 5,
                "relation": "eq"
            },
            "max_score": 1.5296494,
            "hits": [{
                    "_index": "blog",
                    "_type": "_doc",
                    "_id": "9",
                    "_score": 1.5296494,
                    "_source": {
                        "blogId": 9,
                        "title": "Java学习教程9",
                        "content": "这是批量添加的文档9",
                        "author": "Captain America",
                        "category": "ElasticSearch",
                        "status": 1,
                        "serialNum": "9",
                        "createTime": "2021-10-10 11:52:09.249",
                        "updateTime": null
                    }
                }, {
                    "_index": "blog",
                    "_type": "_doc",
                    "_id": "6",
                    "_score": 0.7361701,
                    "_source": {
                        "blogId": 6,
                        "title": "Java学习教程6",
                        "content": "这是批量添加的文档6",
                        "author": "Spider Man",
                        "category": "ElasticSearch",
                        "status": 1,
                        "serialNum": "6",
                        "createTime": "2021-10-10 11:52:06.249",
                        "updateTime": null
                    }
                }, {
                    "_index": "blog",
                    "_type": "_doc",
                    "_id": "7",
                    "_score": 0.63270766,
                    "_source": {
                        "blogId": 7,
                        "title": "Java学习教程7",
                        "content": "这是批量添加的文档7",
                        "author": "Iron Man",
                        "category": "ElasticSearch",
                        "status": 1,
                        "serialNum": "7",
                        "createTime": "2021-10-10 11:52:07.249",
                        "updateTime": null
                    }
                }, {
                    "_index": "blog",
                    "_type": "_doc",
                    "_id": "8",
                    "_score": 0.63270766,
                    "_source": {
                        "blogId": 8,
                        "title": "Java学习教程8",
                        "content": "这是批量添加的文档8",
                        "author": "Iron Man",
                        "category": "ElasticSearch",
                        "status": 1,
                        "serialNum": "8",
                        "createTime": "2021-10-10 11:52:08.249",
                        "updateTime": null
                    }
                }, {
                    "_index": "blog",
                    "_type": "_doc",
                    "_id": "10",
                    "_score": 0.13353139,
                    "_source": {
                        "blogId": 10,
                        "title": "Java学习教程10",
                        "content": "这是批量添加的文档10",
                        "author": "God Of Thunder",
                        "category": "ElasticSearch",
                        "status": 1,
                        "serialNum": "10",
                        "createTime": "2021-10-10 11:52:10.249",
                        "updateTime": null
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }

可见，此时 minimum\_should\_match是0。但好像should并没有影响评分，后期会专门研究一下这里。

**实例2：指定minimum\_should\_match**

需求：查询标题中带有“java”的博客，作者名字必须包含“Iron”或者“Captain”。

[http://localhost:9200/][http_localhost_9200]

POST blog/\_search

{
        "query": {
            "bool": {
                "must": {
                    "match": {
                        "title": "java"
                    }
                },
                "should": [{
                        "match": {
                            "author": "Iron"
                        }
                    }, {
                        "match": {
                            "author": "Captain"
                        }
                    }
                ],
                "minimum_should_match": 1
            }
        }
    }

结果

![watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBASVTliKnliIPlh7rpnpg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 2][]

贴出所有结果

{
        "took": 5,
        "timed_out": false,
        "_shards": {
            "total": 5,
            "successful": 5,
            "skipped": 0,
            "failed": 0
        },
        "hits": {
            "total": {
                "value": 3,
                "relation": "eq"
            },
            "max_score": 1.5296494,
            "hits": [{
                    "_index": "blog",
                    "_type": "_doc",
                    "_id": "9",
                    "_score": 1.5296494,
                    "_source": {
                        "blogId": 9,
                        "title": "Java学习教程9",
                        "content": "这是批量添加的文档9",
                        "author": "Captain America",
                        "category": "ElasticSearch",
                        "status": 1,
                        "serialNum": "9",
                        "createTime": "2021-10-10 11:52:09.249",
                        "updateTime": null
                    }
                }, {
                    "_index": "blog",
                    "_type": "_doc",
                    "_id": "7",
                    "_score": 0.63270766,
                    "_source": {
                        "blogId": 7,
                        "title": "Java学习教程7",
                        "content": "这是批量添加的文档7",
                        "author": "Iron Man",
                        "category": "ElasticSearch",
                        "status": 1,
                        "serialNum": "7",
                        "createTime": "2021-10-10 11:52:07.249",
                        "updateTime": null
                    }
                }, {
                    "_index": "blog",
                    "_type": "_doc",
                    "_id": "8",
                    "_score": 0.63270766,
                    "_source": {
                        "blogId": 8,
                        "title": "Java学习教程8",
                        "content": "这是批量添加的文档8",
                        "author": "Iron Man",
                        "category": "ElasticSearch",
                        "status": 1,
                        "serialNum": "8",
                        "createTime": "2021-10-10 11:52:08.249",
                        "updateTime": null
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }

## 注意事项 ##

要注意JSON格式，如果格式不对，ES服务器不会报错，查出的结果会不正确。见下方示例

需求：查询标题中带有“java”和“文档”的博客，作者名字必须包含“Iron”或者“Captain”。

[http://localhost:9200/][http_localhost_9200]

POST blog/\_search

{
        "query": {
            "bool": {
                "must": {
                    "match": {
                        "title": "java"
                    }
                },
                "must": {
                    "match": {
                        "title": "学习"
                    }
                },
                "should": [{
                        "match": {
                            "author": "Iron"
                        }
                    }, {
                        "match": {
                            "author": "Captain"
                        }
                    }
                ],
                "minimum_should_match": 1
            }
        }
    }

你觉得这个语句正常吗？ 如果不正常，会出现什么结果？

结果：你没看错，它竟然把标题不包含“java”的也给查了出来

![watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBASVTliKnliIPlh7rpnpg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 3][]

原因：下边的must把上边的给覆盖了 。其实这不符合JSON格式的，竟然有两个相同的key，但ES却没有报错。

正确写法：

{
        "query": {
            "bool": {
                "must": [{
                        "match": {
                            "title": "java"
                        }
                    }, {
                        "match": {
                            "title": "学习"
                        }
                    }
                ],
                "should": [{
                        "match": {
                            "author": "Iron"
                        }
                    }, {
                        "match": {
                            "author": "Captain"
                        }
                    }
                ],
                "minimum_should_match": 1
            }
        }
    }

结果

![watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBASVTliKnliIPlh7rpnpg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 4][]

贴出所有

{
        "took": 4,
        "timed_out": false,
        "_shards": {
            "total": 5,
            "successful": 5,
            "skipped": 0,
            "failed": 0
        },
        "hits": {
            "total": {
                "value": 3,
                "relation": "eq"
            },
            "max_score": 1.8181726,
            "hits": [{
                    "_index": "blog",
                    "_type": "_doc",
                    "_id": "9",
                    "_score": 1.8181726,
                    "_source": {
                        "blogId": 9,
                        "title": "Java学习教程9",
                        "content": "这是批量添加的文档9",
                        "author": "Captain America",
                        "category": "ElasticSearch",
                        "status": 1,
                        "serialNum": "9",
                        "createTime": "2021-10-10 11:52:09.249",
                        "updateTime": null
                    }
                }, {
                    "_index": "blog",
                    "_type": "_doc",
                    "_id": "7",
                    "_score": 0.89977044,
                    "_source": {
                        "blogId": 7,
                        "title": "Java学习教程7",
                        "content": "这是批量添加的文档7",
                        "author": "Iron Man",
                        "category": "ElasticSearch",
                        "status": 1,
                        "serialNum": "7",
                        "createTime": "2021-10-10 11:52:07.249",
                        "updateTime": null
                    }
                }, {
                    "_index": "blog",
                    "_type": "_doc",
                    "_id": "8",
                    "_score": 0.89977044,
                    "_source": {
                        "blogId": 8,
                        "title": "Java学习教程8",
                        "content": "这是批量添加的文档8",
                        "author": "Iron Man",
                        "category": "ElasticSearch",
                        "status": 1,
                        "serialNum": "8",
                        "createTime": "2021-10-10 11:52:08.249",
                        "updateTime": null
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }

# 嵌套布尔查询 #

需求：查询标题中带有“java”和“文档”的博客，而且作者名字必须包含“Iron”或者“Captain”，而且序列号是1,2,3,4中或者是5,6,7,8。

[http://localhost:9200/][http_localhost_9200]

POST blog/\_search

{
        "query": {
            "bool": {
                "must": [{
                        "match": {
                            "title": "java"
                        }
                    }, {
                        "match": {
                            "title": "学习"
                        }
                    }, {
                        "bool": {
                            "should": [{
                                    "match": {
                                        "author": "Iron"
                                    }
                                }, {
                                    "match": {
                                        "author": "Captain"
                                    }
                                }
                            ]
                        }
                    }, {
                        "bool": {
                            "should": [{
                                    "terms": {
                                        "serialNum": [1, 2, 3, 4]
                                    }
                                }, {
                                    "terms": {
                                        "serialNum": [5, 6, 7, 8]
                                    }
                                }
                            ]
                        }
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    }

结果

![watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBASVTliKnliIPlh7rpnpg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 5][]

# **其他网址** #

[ElasticSearch查询 第五篇：布尔查询 - 悦光阴 - 博客园][ElasticSearch_ _ - _ -]

[elasticSearch多条件高级检索语句，包含多个must、must\_not、should嵌套示例，并考虑nested对象的特殊检索 - 近朱朱者赤 - 博客园][elasticSearch_must_must_not_should_nested_ - _ -]

《从Lucene到Elasticsearch：全文检索实战》=> 6.4.2 bool query

[ElasticSearch--_--_IT_-CSDN]: https://knife.blog.csdn.net/article/details/120803451
[Bool Query _ Elasticsearch Reference _7.15_ _ Elastic]: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/6.8/query-dsl-bool-query.html#query-dsl-bool-query
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBASVTliKnliIPlh7rpnpg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]: /images/20220828/1f179fc1151f44f3994ba7c96c85cea1.png
[http_localhost_9200]: http://localhost:9200/
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBASVTliKnliIPlh7rpnpg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 1]: /images/20220828/bc401cc9042449ddb75caae0ceb54cff.png
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBASVTliKnliIPlh7rpnpg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 2]: /images/20220828/7abb362cd5794307af5ac216bec82bb0.png
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBASVTliKnliIPlh7rpnpg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 3]: /images/20220828/d17e3c3a5bf74988b8695ca28ab905c7.png
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBASVTliKnliIPlh7rpnpg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 4]: /images/20220828/1dde8743f2534bd397899fe17ce6e95e.png
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBASVTliKnliIPlh7rpnpg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 5]: /images/20220828/b6ee49358d354affbba2edd65a0f7585.png
[ElasticSearch_ _ - _ -]: https://www.cnblogs.com/ljhdo/p/5040252.html
[elasticSearch_must_must_not_should_nested_ - _ -]: https://www.cnblogs.com/zys-blog/p/13207196.html