蚊子132 详细解说 LINUX 下的FTP配置及常见问题

阳光穿透心脏的1/2处 2022-08-27 12:50 126阅读 0赞

原文：[蚊子132 详细解说 LINUX 下的FTP配置及常见问题][132 _ LINUX _FTP]

**一****.vsftpd****说明:**  
[**蚊子132**][132] 比较看好LINUX系统，今天就跟大家一起探讨LINUX 下的FTP配置问题，LINUX下实现FTP服务的软件很多,最常见的有vsftpd,Wu-ftpd和Proftp等.Red Hat Enterprise Linux中默认安装的是vsftpd.  
  访问FTP服务器时需要经过验证,只有经过了FTP服务器的相关验证,用户才能访问和传输文件.vsftpd提供了3种ftp登录形式:  
   **(1)anonymous(****匿名帐号)**  
使用anonymous是应用广泛的一种FTP服务器.如果用户在FTP服务器上没有帐号,那么用户可以以anonymous为用户名,以自己的电子邮件地址为密码进行登录.当匿名用户登录FTP服务器后,其登录目录为匿名FTP服务器的根目录/var/ftp.为了减轻FTP服务器的负载,一般情况下,应关闭匿名帐号的上传功能.  
**  (2)real(真实帐号)**  
real也称为本地帐号,就是以真实的用户名和密码进行登录,但前提条件是用户在FTP服务器上拥有自己的帐号.用真实帐号登录后,其登录的目录为用户自己的目录,该目录在系统建立帐号时系统就自动创建.  
**(3)guest(****虚拟帐号)**  
如果用户在FTP服务器上拥有帐号,但此帐号只能用于文件传输服务,那么该帐号就是guest,guest是真实帐号的一种形式,它们的不同之处在于,geust登录FTP服务器后,不能访问除宿主目录以外的内容.  
  
**二.FTP相关配置文件说明**  
其相关配置文件有/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf,  /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers,  /etc/vsftpd.user\_list,在配置FTP服务器时,主要是修改这些文件中的相关语句.  
**1.vsftpd.conf文件说明**  
\# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf  
\#  
\# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file  
\# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.  
\# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.  
\#  
\# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.  
\# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's  
\# capabilities.  
\#  
\# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).  
**anonymous\_enable=YES** //是否允许anonymous登录FTP服务器,默认是允许的.  
\#  
\# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.  
**local\_enable=YES** //是否允许本地用户登录FTP服务器,默认是允许  
\#  
\# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.  
**write\_enable=YES**  //是否允许用户具有在FTP服务器文件中执行写的权限,默认是允许  
\#  
\# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,  
\# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)  
local\_umask=022 //设置本地用户的文件生成掩码为022,默认是077  
\#  
\# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only  
\# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will  
\# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.  
\#anon\_upload\_enable=YES  
\#  
\# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create  
\# new directories.  
\#anon\_mkdir\_write\_enable=YES  //是否允许匿名账户在FTP服务器中创建目录  
\#  
\# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they  
\# go into a certain directory.  
dirmessage\_enable=YES //激活目录信息,当远程用户更改目录时,将出现提示信息  
\#  
\# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.  
xferlog\_enable=YES  //启用上传和下载日志功能  
\#  
\# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).  
connect\_from\_port\_20=YES   //启用FTP数据端口的连接请求  
\#  
\# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by  
\# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not  
\# recommended!  
\#chown\_uploads=YES  
\#chown\_username=whoever  
\#  
\# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown  
\# below.  
\#xferlog\_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log  //设置日志文件的文件名和存储路径,这是默认的  
\#  
\# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format  
xferlog\_std\_format=YES//是否使用标准的ftpd xferlog日志文件格式  
\#  
\# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.  
\#idle\_session\_timeout=600  //设置空闲的用户会话中断时间,默认是10分钟  
\#  
\# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.  
\#data\_connection\_timeout=120//设置数据连接超时时间,默认是120秒.  
\#  
\# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the  
\# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.  
\#nopriv\_user=ftpsecure  
\#  
\# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not  
\# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,  
\# however, may confuse older FTP clients.  
\#async\_abor\_enable=YES  
\#  
\# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore  
\# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII  
\# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.  
\# Beware that turning on ascii\_download\_enable enables malicious remote parties  
\# to consume your I/O resources, by issuing the command "SIZE /big/file" in  
\# ASCII mode.  
\# These ASCII options are split into upload and download because you may wish  
\# to enable ASCII uploads (to prevent uploaded scripts etc. from breaking),  
\# without the DoS risk of SIZE and ASCII downloads. ASCII mangling should be  
\# on the client anyway..  
\#ascii\_upload\_enable=YES  
**\#ascii\_download\_enable=YES** //是否允许使用ASCII格式来上传和下载文件  
\#  
\# You may fully customise the login banner string:  
\#ftpd\_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.//在FTP服务器中设置欢迎登录的信息.  
\#  
\# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently  
\# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.  
\#deny\_email\_enable=YES  
\# (default follows)  
\#banned\_email\_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned\_emails  
\#  
\# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home  
\# directory. If chroot\_local\_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of  
\# users to NOT chroot().  
**\#chroot\_list\_enable=YES** //如果希望用户登录后不能切换到自己目录以外的其它目录,需要设置该项,如果设置chroot\_list\_enable=YES,那么只允许/etc/vsftpd.chroot\_list中列出的用户具有该功能.如果希望所有的本地用户都执行者chroot,可以增加一行:**chroot\_local\_user=YES**  
\# (default follows)  
\#chroot\_list\_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot\_list  
\#  
\# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by  
\# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large  
\# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume  
\# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.  
\#ls\_recurse\_enable=YES  
pam\_service\_name=vsftpd  //设置PAM认证服务的配置文件名称,该文件存放在/etc/pam.d/目录下.  
**userlist\_enable=YES** //用户列表中的用户是否允许登录FTP服务器,默认是不允许  
\#enable for standalone mode  
listen=YES  //使vsftpd 处于独立启动模式  
tcp\_wrappers=YES  //使用tcp\_wrqppers作为主机访问控制方式  
**2.vsftpd.ftpusers文件说明**  
**这个文件是用来记录"不允许"登录到FTP服务器的用户**,通常是一些系统默认的用户.  
下面是该文件中默认的不允许登录的名单:  
\# Users that are not allowed to login via ftp  
root //默认情况下,root和它以下的用户是不允许登录FTP服务器的.可以将不允许登录的用户添加到这里来.但切记每个用户都要单独占用一行.  
bin  
daemon  
adm  
lp  
sync  
shutdown  
halt  
mail  
news  
uucp  
operator  
games  
nobody  
**3.vsftpd.user\_list文件说明**  
**其实它的内容跟上面那个文件内容一样,只是在系统对文件vsftpd.conf 进行检测时,会检测到"userlist\_deny=YES",因此这个文件必须存在.**下面是这个文件的内容.  
\# vsftpd userlist  
\# If userlist\_deny=NO, only allow users in this file  
\# If userlist\_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and  
\# do not even prompt for a password.  
\# Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers  
\# for users that are denied.  
root  
bin  
daemon  
adm  
lp  
sync  
shutdown  
halt  
mail  
news  
uucp  
operator  
games  
nobody

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