iptables学习与研究五(一个由James C. Stephens整理的iptables的规则脚本)

た入场券 2022-08-26 12:16 126阅读 0赞

\# [http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~jns/security/iptables/index.html][http_www.cs.princeton.edu_jns_security_iptables_index.html]  
\# Prepared by James C. Stephens  
\# ([jns@gfdl.noaa.gov][jns_gfdl.noaa.gov])

\#!/bin/bash  
\#  
\# Load appropriate modules.

modprobe ip\_tables  
modprobe ip\_conntrack  
modprobe ip\_conntrack\_ftp

\# These lines are here in case rules are already in place and the script is ever rerun on the fly.  
\# We want to remove all rules and pre-exisiting user defined chains and zero the counters  
\# before we implement new rules.

iptables -F  
iptables -X  
iptables -Z

\# Set up a default DROP policy for the built-in chains.  
\# If we modify and re-run the script mid-session then (because we have a default DROP  
\# policy), what happens is that there is a small time period when packets are denied until  
\# the new rules are back in place. There is no period, however small, when packets we  
\# don't want are allowed.

iptables -P INPUT DROP  
iptables -P FORWARD DROP  
iptables -P OUTPUT DROP

\#\# ===========================================================  
\#\# Some definitions:

NAMESERVER\_1="x.x.x.x"  
NAMESERVER\_2="x.x.x.x"  
BROADCAST="x.x.x.255"  
LOOPBACK="127.0.0.0/8"  
CLASS\_A="10.0.0.0/8"  
CLASS\_B="172.16.0.0/12"  
CLASS\_C="192.168.0.0/16"  
CLASS\_D\_MULTICAST="224.0.0.0/4"  
CLASS\_E\_RESERVED\_NET="240.0.0.0/5"  
P\_PORTS="0:1023"  
UP\_PORTS="1024:65535"  
TR\_SRC\_PORTS="32769:65535"  
TR\_DEST\_PORTS="33434:33523"

\#\# ============================================================  
\#\# Kernel flags  
\# To dynamically change kernel parameters and variables on the fly you need  
\# CONFIG\_SYSCTL defined in your kernel. I would advise the following:  
\# Disable response to ping.

/bin/echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp\_echo\_ignore\_all

\# Disable response to broadcasts.  
\# You don't want yourself becoming a Smurf amplifier.

/bin/echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp\_echo\_ignore\_broadcasts

\# Don't accept source routed packets. Attackers can use source routing to generate  
\# traffic pretending to be from inside your network, but which is routed back along  
\# the path from which it came, namely outside, so attackers can compromise your  
\# network. Source routing is rarely used for legitimate purposes.

/bin/echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/accept\_source\_route

\# Disable ICMP redirect acceptance. ICMP redirects can be used to alter your routing  
\# tables, possibly to a bad end.

/bin/echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/accept\_redirects

\# Enable bad error message protection.

/bin/echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp\_ignore\_bogus\_error\_responses

\# Turn on reverse path filtering. This helps make sure that packets use  
\# legitimate source addresses, by automatically rejecting incoming packets  
\# if the routing table entry for their source address doesn't match the network  
\# interface they're arriving on. This has security advantages because it prevents  
\# so-called IP spoofing, however it can pose problems if you use asymmetric routing  
\# (packets from you to a host take a different path than packets from that host to you)  
\# or if you operate a non-routing host which has several IP addresses on different  
\# interfaces. (Note - If you turn on IP forwarding, you will also get this).

for interface in /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/\*/rp\_filter; do  
 /bin/echo "1" > $\{interface\}  
done

\# Log spoofed packets, source routed packets, redirect packets.

/bin/echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/log\_martians

\# Make sure that IP forwarding is turned off. We only want this for a multi-homed host.

/bin/echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip\_forward

\# Note: With connection tracking, all fragments are reassembled before being  
\# passed to the packet-filtering code so there is no ip\_always\_defrag switch as there  
\# was in the 2.2 kernel.

\#\# ============================================================  
\# RULES

\#\# LOOPBACK  
\# Allow unlimited traffic on the loopback interface.

iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

\#\# SYN-FLOODING PROTECTION  
\# This rule maximises the rate of incoming connections. In order to do this we divert tcp  
\# packets with the SYN bit set off to a user-defined chain. Up to limit-burst connections  
\# can arrive in 1/limit seconds ..... in this case 4 connections in one second. After this, one  
\# of the burst is regained every second and connections are allowed again. The default limit  
\# is 3/hour. The default limit burst is 5.

iptables -N syn-flood  
iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p tcp --syn -j syn-flood  
iptables -A syn-flood -m limit --limit 1/s --limit-burst 4 -j RETURN  
iptables -A syn-flood -j DROP

\#\# Make sure NEW tcp connections are SYN packets

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP

\#\# FRAGMENTS  
\# I have to say that fragments scare me more than anything.  
\# Sending lots of non-first fragments was what allowed Jolt2 to effectively "drown"  
\# Firewall-1. Fragments can be overlapped, and the subsequent interpretation of such  
\# fragments is very OS-dependent (see this paper for details).  
\# I am not going to trust any fragments.  
\# Log fragments just to see if we get any, and deny them too.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -f -j LOG --log-prefix "IPTABLES FRAGMENTS: "  
iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -f -j DROP

\#\# SPOOFING  
\# Most of this anti-spoofing stuff is theoretically not really necessary with the flags we  
\# have set in the kernel above ........... but you never know there isn't a bug somewhere in  
\# your IP stack.  
\#  
\# Refuse spoofed packets pretending to be from your IP address.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -s $IPADDR -j DROP

\# Refuse packets claiming to be from a Class A private network.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -s $CLASS\_A -j DROP

\# Refuse packets claiming to be from a Class B private network.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -s $CLASS\_B -j DROP

\# Refuse packets claiming to be from a Class C private network.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -s $CLASS\_C -j DROP

\# Refuse Class D multicast addresses. Multicast is illegal as a source address.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -s $CLASS\_D\_MULTICAST -j DROP

\# Refuse Class E reserved IP addresses.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -s $CLASS\_E\_RESERVED\_NET -j DROP

\# Refuse packets claiming to be to the loopback interface.  
\# Refusing packets claiming to be to the loopback interface protects against  
\# source quench, whereby a machine can be told to slow itself down by an icmp source  
\# quench to the loopback.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -d $LOOPBACK -j DROP

\# Refuse broadcast address packets.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -d $BROADCAST -j DROP

\#\# DNS  
\# NOTE: DNS uses tcp for zone transfers, for transfers greater than 512 bytes (possible, but unusual), and on certain  
\# platforms like AIX (I am told), so you might have to add a copy of this rule for tcp if you need it  
\# Allow UDP packets in for DNS client from nameservers.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p udp -s $NAMESERVER\_1 --sport 53 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT  
iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p udp -s $NAMESERVER\_2 --sport 53 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

\# Allow UDP packets to DNS servers from client.

iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p udp -d $NAMESERVER\_1 --dport 53 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p udp -d $NAMESERVER\_2 --dport 53 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

\#\# SSH  
\# Allow ssh outbound.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p tcp --sport 22 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

\#\# WWW  
\# Allow www outbound to 80.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p tcp --sport 80 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

\# Allow www outbound to 443.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p tcp --sport 443 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p tcp --dport 443 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

\#\# TELNET  
\# Allow telnet outbound.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p tcp --sport 23 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p tcp --dport 23 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

\#\# FTP  
\# Allow ftp outbound.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p tcp --sport 21 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p tcp --dport 21 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

\# Now for the connection tracking part of ftp. This is discussed more completely in my section  
\# on connection tracking to be found here.  
\# 1) Active ftp.  
\# This involves a connection INbound from port 20 on the remote machine, to a local port  
\# passed over the ftp channel via a PORT command. The ip\_conntrack\_ftp module recognizes  
\# the connection as RELATED to the original outgoing connection to port 21 so we don't  
\# need NEW as a state match.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p tcp --sport 20 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p tcp --dport 20 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

\# 2) Passive ftp.  
\# This involves a connection outbound from a port >1023 on the local machine, to a port >1023  
\# on the remote machine previously passed over the ftp channel via a PORT command. The  
\# ip\_conntrack\_ftp module recognizes the connection as RELATED to the original outgoing  
\# connection to port 21 so we don't need NEW as a state match.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p tcp --sport $UP\_PORTS --dport $UP\_PORTS -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p tcp --sport $UP\_PORTS --dport $UP\_PORTS -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

\#\# SMTP  
\# Allow smtp outbound.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p tcp --sport 25 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p tcp --dport 25 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

\#\# AUTH server  
\# Reject ident probes with a tcp reset.  
\# I need to do this for a broken mailhost that won't accept my mail if I just drop its ident probe.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p tcp --dport 113 -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset

\#\# TRACEROUTE  
\# Outgoing traceroute anywhere.  
\# The reply to a traceroute is an icmp time-exceeded which is dealt with by the next rule.

iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p udp --sport $TR\_SRC\_PORTS --dport $TR\_DEST\_PORTS -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT

\# ICMP  
\# We accept icmp in if it is "related" to other connections (e.g a time exceeded (11)  
\# from a traceroute) or it is part of an "established" connection (e.g. an echo reply (0)  
\# from an echo-request (8)).

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

\# We always allow icmp out.

iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

\#\# LOGGING  
\# You don't have to split up your logging like I do below, but I prefer to do it this way  
\# because I can then grep for things in the logs more easily. One thing you probably want  
\# to do is rate-limit the logging. I didn't do that here because it is probably best not too  
\# when you first set things up ................. you actually really want to see everything going to  
\# the logs to work out what isn't working and why. You cam implement logging with  
\# "-m limit --limit 6/h --limit-burst 5" (or similar) before the -j LOG in each case.  
\#  
\# Any udp not already allowed is logged and then dropped.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p udp -j LOG --log-prefix "IPTABLES UDP-IN: "  
iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p udp -j DROP  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p udp -j LOG --log-prefix "IPTABLES UDP-OUT: "  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p udp -j DROP

\# Any icmp not already allowed is logged and then dropped.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p icmp -j LOG --log-prefix "IPTABLES ICMP-IN: "  
iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p icmp -j DROP  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p icmp -j LOG --log-prefix "IPTABLES ICMP-OUT: "  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p icmp -j DROP

\# Any tcp not already allowed is logged and then dropped.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p tcp -j LOG --log-prefix "IPTABLES TCP-IN: "  
iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -p tcp -j DROP  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p tcp -j LOG --log-prefix "IPTABLES TCP-OUT: "  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -p tcp -j DROP

\# Anything else not already allowed is logged and then dropped.  
\# It will be dropped by the default policy anyway ........ but let's be paranoid.

iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -j LOG --log-prefix "IPTABLES PROTOCOL-X-IN: "  
iptables -A INPUT -i $IFACE -j DROP  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -j LOG --log-prefix "IPTABLES PROTOCOL-X-OUT: "  
iptables -A OUTPUT -o $IFACE -j DROP

\#\#\#上面的脚本是由James C. Stephens 所整理的  
\#\#是个比较全的iptables配置脚本.为了保持原汁原味方便大家学习研究使用，所有没有做任何的修改。  
\#\#特发出来与大家一起分享,希望对大家有用.

[http_www.cs.princeton.edu_jns_security_iptables_index.html]: http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~jns/security/iptables/index.html
[jns_gfdl.noaa.gov]: mailto:jns@gfdl.noaa.gov