CvMat、Mat、IplImage之间的转换详解及实例

悠悠 2022-08-24 05:27 186阅读 0赞

OpenCV学习之CvMat的用法详解及实例

CvMat是OpenCV比较基础的函数。初学者应该掌握并熟练应用。但是我认为计算机专业学习的方法是，不断的总结并且提炼，同时还要做大量的实践，如编码，才能记忆深刻，体会深刻，从而引导自己想更高层次迈进。

## 1.初始化矩阵： ##

方式一、逐点赋值式：

CvMat\* mat = cvCreateMat( 2, 2, CV\_64FC1 );  
cvZero( mat );  
cvmSet( mat, 0, 0, 1 );  
cvmSet( mat, 0, 1, 2 );  
cvmSet( mat, 1, 0, 3 );  
cvmSet( mat, 2, 2, 4 );  
cvReleaseMat( &mat );

方式二、连接现有数组式：

double a\[\] = \{ 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10, 11, 12 \};  
CvMat mat = cvMat( 3, 4, CV\_64FC1, a ); // 64FC1 for double  
// 不需要cvReleaseMat，因为数据内存分配是由double定义的数组进行的。

## 2.IplImage <----->cvMat的转换 ##

A.CvMat-> IplImage

IplImage\* img = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(mat),8,1);  
cvGetImage(matI,img);

cvSaveImage("rice1.bmp",img);

B.IplImage \-> CvMat

IplImage\* img = cvLoadimage("leda.jpg",1);

法2：CvMat \*mat = cvCreateMat( img->height, img->width, CV\_64FC3 );  
cvConvert( img, mat );

法1：CvMat mathdr;

CvMat  \*mat = cvGetMat( img, &mathdr );

## 3.IplImage <--->Mat的转换 ##

（1）将IplImage----- > Mat类型

Mat::Mat(const IplImage\* img, bool copyData=false);

默认情况下，新的Mat类型与原来的IplImage类型共享图像数据，转换只是创建一个Mat矩阵头。当将参数copyData设为true后，就会复制整个图像数据。

例：

IplImage\*iplImg = cvLoadImage("greatwave.jpg", 1);

Matmtx(iplImg); // IplImage\* ->Mat 共享数据

// or : Mat mtx = iplImg; 或者是：Mat mtx(iplImg,0); // 0是不复制影像，也就是iplImg的data共用同个记意位置，header各自有

（2）将Mat类型转换-----> IplImage类型

同样只是创建图像头，而没有复制数据。

例：

IplImage ipl\_img = img; // Mat -> IplImage

IplImage\*-> BYTE\*

BYTE\* data= img->imageData;

## 4.CvMat<--->Mat的转换 ##

（1）将CvMat类型转换为Mat类型

B.CvMat->Mat

与IplImage的转换类似，可以选择是否复制数据。

CvMat\*m= cvCreatMat(int rows ,int cols , int type);

Mat::Mat(const CvMat\* m, bool copyData=false);

在openCV中，没有向量（vector）的数据结构。任何时候，但我们要表示向量时，用矩阵数据表示即可。

但是，CvMat类型与我们在线性代数课程上学的向量概念相比，更抽象，比如CvMat的元素数据类型并不仅限于基础数据类型，比如，下面创建一个二维数据矩阵：

CvMat\*m= cvCreatMat(int rows ,int cols , int type);

这里的type可以是任意的预定义数据类型，比如RGB或者别的多通道数据。这样我们便可以在一个CvMat矩阵上表示丰富多彩的图像了。

（2）将Mat类型转换为CvMat类型

与IplImage的转换类似，不复制数据，只创建矩阵头。

例：

// 假设Mat类型的imgMat图像数据存在

CvMat cvMat = imgMat; // Mat -> CvMat

**5.cv::Mat\--->const cvArr\***

cvArr * 数组的指针。就是opencv里面的一种类型。

Mat img;  
const CvArr\* s=(CvArr\*)&img;  
上面就可以了，CvArr是Mat的虚基类，所有直接强制转换就可以了

void cvResize(const CvArr\* src, CvArr\* dst, int interpolation=CV\_INTER\_LINEAR ); //src就是之前的lplimage类型的一个指针变量  
**6.cvArr(IplImage或者cvMat)转化为cvMat**  
方式一、cvGetMat方式：  
int coi = 0;  
cvMat \*mat = (CvMat\*)arr;  
if( !CV\_IS\_MAT(mat) )  
\{  
mat = cvGetMat( mat, &matstub, &coi );  
if (coi != 0) reutn; // CV\_ERROR\_FROM\_CODE(CV\_BadCOI);  
\}  
写成函数为：  
// This is just an example of function  
// to support both IplImage and cvMat as an input  
CVAPI( void ) cvIamArr( const CvArr\* arr )  
\{  
CV\_FUNCNAME( "cvIamArr" );  
\_\_BEGIN\_\_;  
CV\_ASSERT( mat == NULL );  
CvMat matstub, \*mat = (CvMat\*)arr;  
int coi = 0;  
if( !CV\_IS\_MAT(mat) )  
\{  
CV\_CALL( mat = cvGetMat( mat, &matstub, &coi ) );  
if (coi != 0) CV\_ERROR\_FROM\_CODE(CV\_BadCOI);  
\}  
// Process as cvMat  
\_\_END\_\_;  
\}

**7.图像直接操作**  
方式一：直接数组操作 int col, row, z;  
uchar b, g, r;  
for( row = 0; row < img->height; y++ )  
\{  
for ( col = 0; col < img->width; col++ )  
\{  
b = img->imageData\[img->widthStep \* row \+ col \* 3\]  
g = img->imageData\[img->widthStep \* row \+ col \* 3 \+ 1\];  
r = img->imageData\[img->widthStep \* row \+ col \* 3 \+ 2\];  
\}  
\}  
方式二：宏操作：  
int row, col;  
uchar b, g, r;  
for( row = 0; row < img->height; row++ )  
\{  
for ( col = 0; col < img->width; col++ )  
\{  
b = CV\_IMAGE\_ELEM( img, uchar, row, col \* 3 );  
g = CV\_IMAGE\_ELEM( img, uchar, row, col \* 3 \+ 1 );  
r = CV\_IMAGE\_ELEM( img, uchar, row, col \* 3 \+ 2 );  
\}  
\}  
注：CV\_IMAGE\_ELEM( img, uchar, row, col \* img->nChannels \+ ch )

**8.cvMat的直接操作**  
数组的直接操作比较郁闷，这是由于其决定于数组的数据类型。

对于CV\_32FC1 (1 channel float)：  
CvMat\* M = cvCreateMat( 4, 4, CV\_32FC1 );  
M->data.fl\[ row \* M->cols \+ col \] = (float)3.0;

对于CV\_64FC1 (1 channel double)：  
CvMat\* M = cvCreateMat( 4, 4, CV\_64FC1 );  
M->data.db\[ row \* M->cols \+ col \] = 3.0;

一般的，对于1通道的数组：  
CvMat\* M = cvCreateMat( 4, 4, CV\_64FC1 );  
CV\_MAT\_ELEM( \*M, double, row, col ) = 3.0;  
注意double要根据数组的数据类型来传入，这个宏对多通道无能为力。

对于多通道：  
看看这个宏的定义：\#define CV\_MAT\_ELEM\_CN( mat, elemtype, row, col ) \\  
(\*(elemtype\*)((mat).data.ptr \+ (size\_t)(mat).step\*(row) \+ sizeof(elemtype)\*(col)))  
if( CV\_MAT\_DEPTH(M->type) == CV\_32F )  
CV\_MAT\_ELEM\_CN( \*M, float, row, col \* CV\_MAT\_CN(M->type) \+ ch ) = 3.0;  
if( CV\_MAT\_DEPTH(M->type) == CV\_64F )  
CV\_MAT\_ELEM\_CN( \*M, double, row, col \* CV\_MAT\_CN(M->type) \+ ch ) = 3.0;  
更优化的方法是：  
\#define CV\_8U0  
\#define CV\_8S1  
\#define CV\_16U 2  
\#define CV\_16S 3  
\#define CV\_32S 4  
\#define CV\_32F 5  
\#define CV\_64F 6  
\#define CV\_USRTYPE1 7

int elem\_size = CV\_ELEM\_SIZE( mat->type );  
for( col = start\_col; col < end\_col; col++ ) \{  
for( row = 0; row < mat->rows; row++ ) \{  
for( elem = 0; elem < elem\_size; elem++ ) \{  
(mat->data.ptr \+ ((size\_t)mat->step \* row) \+ (elem\_size \* col))\[elem\] =  
(submat->data.ptr \+ ((size\_t)submat->step \* row) \+ (elem\_size \* (col \- start\_col)))\[elem\];  
\}  
\}  
\}

对于多通道的数组，以下操作是推荐的：  
for(row=0; row< mat->rows; row++)  
\{  
p = mat->data.fl \+ row \* (mat->step/4);  
for(col = 0; col < mat->cols; col++)  
\{  
\*p = (float) row+col;  
\*(p+1) = (float) row+col+1;  
\*(p+2) =(float) row+col+2;  
p+=3;  
\}  
\}  
对于两通道和四通道而言：  
CvMat\* vector = cvCreateMat( 1, 3, CV\_32SC2 );  
CV\_MAT\_ELEM( \*vector, CvPoint, 0, 0 ) = cvPoint(100,100);

CvMat\* vector = cvCreateMat( 1, 3, CV\_64FC4 );  
CV\_MAT\_ELEM( \*vector, CvScalar, 0, 0 ) = cvScalar(0,0,0,0);

**9.间接访问cvMat**  
cvmGet/Set是访问CV\_32FC1 和 CV\_64FC1型数组的最简便的方式，其访问速度和直接访问几乎相同  
cvmSet( mat, row, col, value );  
cvmGet( mat, row, col );  
举例：打印一个数组  
inline void cvDoubleMatPrint( const CvMat\* mat )  
\{  
int i, j;  
for( i = 0; i < mat->rows; i++ )  
\{  
for( j = 0; j < mat->cols; j++ )  
\{  
printf( "%f ",cvmGet( mat, i, j ) );  
\}  
printf( "\\n" );  
\}  
\}

而对于其他的，比如是多通道的后者是其他数据类型的，cvGet/Set2D是个不错的选择  
CvScalar scalar = cvGet2D( mat, row, col );  
cvSet2D( mat, row, col, cvScalar( r, g, b ) );

注意：数据不能为int，因为cvGet2D得到的实质是double类型。  
举例：打印一个多通道矩阵：  
inline void cv3DoubleMatPrint( const CvMat\* mat )  
\{  
int i, j;  
for( i = 0; i < mat->rows; i++ )  
\{  
for( j = 0; j < mat->cols; j++ )  
\{  
CvScalar scal = cvGet2D( mat, i, j );  
printf( "(%f,%f,%f) ", scal.val\[0\], scal.val\[1\], scal.val\[2\] );  
\}  
printf( "\\n" );  
\}  
\}

**10.修改矩阵的形状——cvReshape的操作**  
经实验表明矩阵操作的进行的顺序是：首先满足通道，然后满足列，最后是满足行。  
注意：这和Matlab是不同的，Matlab是行、列、通道的顺序。  
我们在此举例如下：  
对于一通道：  
// 1 channel  
CvMat \*mat, mathdr;  
double data\[\] = \{ 11, 12, 13, 14,  
21, 22, 23, 24,  
31, 32, 33, 34 \};  
CvMat\* orig = &cvMat( 3, 4, CV\_64FC1, data );  
//11 12 13 14  
//21 22 23 24  
//31 32 33 34  
mat = cvReshape( orig, &mathdr, 1, 1 ); // new\_ch, new\_rows  
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above  
// 11 12 13 14 21 22 23 24 31 32 33 34  
mat = cvReshape( mat, &mathdr, 1, 3 ); // new\_ch, new\_rows  
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above  
//11 12 13 14  
//21 22 23 24  
//31 32 33 34  
mat = cvReshape( orig, &mathdr, 1, 12 ); // new\_ch, new\_rows  
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above  
// 11  
// 12  
// 13  
// 14  
// 21  
// 22  
// 23  
// 24  
// 31  
// 32  
// 33  
// 34  
mat = cvReshape( mat, &mathdr, 1, 3 ); // new\_ch, new\_rows  
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above  
//11 12 13 14  
//21 22 23 24  
//31 32 33 34  
mat = cvReshape( orig, &mathdr, 1, 2 ); // new\_ch, new\_rows  
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above  
//11 12 13 14 21 22  
//23 24 31 32 33 34  
mat = cvReshape( mat, &mathdr, 1, 3 ); // new\_ch, new\_rows  
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above  
//11 12 13 14  
//21 22 23 24  
//31 32 33 34  
mat = cvReshape( orig, &mathdr, 1, 6 ); // new\_ch, new\_rows  
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above  
// 11 12  
// 13 14  
// 21 22  
// 23 24  
// 31 32  
// 33 34  
mat = cvReshape( mat, &mathdr, 1, 3 ); // new\_ch, new\_rows  
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above  
//11 12 13 14  
//21 22 23 24  
//31 32 33 34  
// Use cvTranspose and cvReshape( mat, &mathdr, 1, 2 ) to get  
// 11 23  
// 12 24  
// 13 31  
// 14 32  
// 21 33  
// 22 34  
// Use cvTranspose again when to recover

对于三通道  
// 3 channels  
CvMat mathdr, \*mat;  
double data\[\] = \{ 111, 112, 113, 121, 122, 123,211, 212, 213, 221, 222, 223 \};  
CvMat\* orig = &cvMat( 2, 2, CV\_64FC3, data );  
//(111,112,113) (121,122,123)  
//(211,212,213) (221,222,223)  
mat = cvReshape( orig, &mathdr, 3, 1 ); // new\_ch, new\_rows  
cv3DoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above  
// (111,112,113) (121,122,123) (211,212,213) (221,222,223)  
// concatinate in column first order  
mat = cvReshape( orig, &mathdr, 1, 1 );// new\_ch, new\_rows  
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above  
// 111 112 113 121 122 123 211 212 213 221 222 223  
// concatinate in channel first, column second, row third  
mat = cvReshape( orig, &mathdr, 1, 3); // new\_ch, new\_rows  
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above  
//111 112 113 121  
//122 123 211 212  
//213 221 222 223  
// channel first, column second, row third  
mat = cvReshape( orig, &mathdr, 1, 4 ); // new\_ch, new\_rows  
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat ); // above  
//111 112 113  
//121 122 123  
//211 212 213  
//221 222 223  
// channel first, column second, row third  
// memorize this transform because this is useful to  
// add (or do something) color channels  
CvMat\* mat2 = cvCreateMat( mat->cols, mat->rows, mat->type );  
cvTranspose( mat, mat2 );  
cvDoubleMatPrint( mat2 ); // above  
//111 121 211 221  
//112 122 212 222  
//113 123 213 223  
cvReleaseMat( &mat2 );

**11.计算色彩距离**  
我们要计算img1,img2的每个像素的距离，用dist表示，定义如下  
IplImage \*img1 = cvCreateImage( cvSize(w,h), IPL\_DEPTH\_8U, 3 );  
IplImage \*img2 = cvCreateImage( cvSize(w,h), IPL\_DEPTH\_8U, 3 );  
CvMat \*dist = cvCreateMat( h, w, CV\_64FC1 );  
比较笨的思路是：cvSplit->cvSub->cvMul->cvAdd  
代码如下：  
IplImage \*img1B = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(img1), img1->depth, 1 );  
IplImage \*img1G = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(img1), img1->depth, 1 );  
IplImage \*img1R = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(img1), img1->depth, 1 );  
IplImage \*img2B = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(img1), img1->depth, 1 );  
IplImage \*img2G = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(img1), img1->depth, 1 );  
IplImage \*img2R = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(img1), img1->depth, 1 );  
IplImage \*diff= cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(img1), IPL\_DEPTH\_64F, 1 );  
cvSplit( img1, img1B, img1G, img1R );  
cvSplit( img2, img2B, img2G, img2R );  
cvSub( img1B, img2B, diff );  
cvMul( diff, diff, dist );  
cvSub( img1G, img2G, diff );  
cvMul( diff, diff, diff);  
cvAdd( diff, dist, dist );  
cvSub( img1R, img2R, diff );  
cvMul( diff, diff, diff );  
cvAdd( diff, dist, dist );  
cvReleaseImage( &img1B );  
cvReleaseImage( &img1G );  
cvReleaseImage( &img1R );  
cvReleaseImage( &img2B );  
cvReleaseImage( &img2G );  
cvReleaseImage( &img2R );  
cvReleaseImage( &diff );

比较聪明的思路是  
int D = img1->nChannels; // D: Number of colors (dimension)  
int N = img1->width \* img1->height; // N: number of pixels  
CvMat mat1hdr, \*mat1 = cvReshape( img1, &mat1hdr, 1, N ); // N x D(colors)  
CvMat mat2hdr, \*mat2 = cvReshape( img2, &mat2hdr, 1, N ); // N x D(colors)  
CvMat diffhdr, \*diff = cvCreateMat( N, D, CV\_64FC1 ); // N x D, temporal buff  
cvSub( mat1, mat2, diff );  
cvMul( diff, diff, diff );  
dist = cvReshape( dist, &disthdr, 1, N ); // nRow x nCol to N x 1  
cvReduce( diff, dist, 1, CV\_REDUCE\_SUM ); // N x D to N x 1  
dist = cvReshape( dist, &disthdr, 1, img1->height ); // Restore N x 1 to nRow x nCol  
cvReleaseMat( &diff );

\#pragma comment( lib, "cxcore.lib" )  
\#include "cv.h"  
\#include  
int main()  
\{  
CvMat\* mat = cvCreateMat(3,3,CV\_32FC1);  
cvZero(mat);//将矩阵置0  
//为矩阵元素赋值  
CV\_MAT\_ELEM( \*mat, float, 0, 0 ) = 1.f;  
CV\_MAT\_ELEM( \*mat, float, 0, 1 ) = 2.f;  
CV\_MAT\_ELEM( \*mat, float, 0, 2 ) = 3.f;  
CV\_MAT\_ELEM( \*mat, float, 1, 0 ) = 4.f;  
CV\_MAT\_ELEM( \*mat, float, 1, 1 ) = 5.f;  
CV\_MAT\_ELEM( \*mat, float, 1, 2 ) = 6.f;  
CV\_MAT\_ELEM( \*mat, float, 2, 0 ) = 7.f;  
CV\_MAT\_ELEM( \*mat, float, 2, 1 ) = 8.f;  
CV\_MAT\_ELEM( \*mat, float, 2, 2 ) = 9.f;  
//获得矩阵元素(0,2)的值  
float \*p = (float\*)cvPtr2D(mat, 0, 2);  
printf("%f\\n",\*p);  
return 0;

转自：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog\_74a459380101obhm.html

另外：CvMat与IplImage的区别见这篇blog：http://hi.baidu.com/maodoulovexixi/item/a45f8f0a6b7c2429a0312d93