Market Basket Analysis with R

落日映苍穹つ 2022-08-23 04:47 20阅读 0赞

![Author][] Posted by [Salem][] on March 19, 2014

![Comments][] [60 Comments][]

![http://www.paulshealthblog.com/2012/05/customers-who-bought-this-item-also.html][http_www.paulshealthblog.com_2012_05_customers-who-bought-this-item-also.html]

[Source: Paul’s Health Blog][Source_ Paul_s Health Blog]

## Association Rules ##

There are many ways to see the similarities between items. These are techniques that fall under the general umbrella ofassociation. The outcome of this type of technique, in simple terms, is a set of rules that can be understood as “if this, then that”.

## Applications ##

So what kind of items are we talking about?  
There are many applications of association:

*  Product recommendation – like Amazon’s “customers who bought that, also bought this”
 *  Music recommendations – like Last FM’s artist recommendations
 *  Medical diagnosis – like with diabetes [really cool stuff][]
 *  Content optimisation – like in magazine websites or blogs

In this post we will focus on the retail application – it is simple, intuitive, and the dataset comes packaged with R making it repeatable.

## The Groceries Dataset ##

Imagine 10000 receipts sitting on your table. Each receipt represents a transaction with items that were purchased. The receipt is a representation of stuff that went into a customer’s basket – and therefore ‘Market Basket Analysis’.

That is exactly what the Groceries Data Set contains: a collection of receipts with each line representing 1 receipt and the items purchased. Each line is called a transaction and each column in a row represents anitem. You can download the [Groceries data set][] to take a look at it, but this is not a necessary step.

## A little bit of Math ##

We already discussed the concept of Items and Item Sets.

We can represent our items as an item set as follows:

I =  \{  i 1,i 2,…,i n  \}

Therefore a transaction is represented as follows:

t n =  \{  i j,i k,…,i n  \}

This gives us our rules which are represented as follows:

\{  i 1,i 2 \} =>  \{  i k \}

Which can be read as “if a user buys an item in the item set on the left hand side, then the user will likely buy the item on the right hand side too”. A more human readable example is:

\{ coffee,sugar \} =>  \{ milk \}

If a customer buys coffee and sugar, then they are also likely to buy milk.

With this we can understand three important ratios; the support, confidence and lift. We describe the significance of these in the following bullet points, but if you are interested in a formal mathematical definition you can find it on [wikipedia][].

* Support: The fraction of which our item set occurs in our dataset.
 * Confidence: probability that a rule is correct for a new transaction with items on the left.
 * Lift: The ratio by which by the confidence of a rule exceeds the expected confidence.  
 Note: if the lift is 1 it indicates that the items on the left and right are independent.
 
 ## Apriori Recommendation with R ##
 
 So lets get started by loading up our libraries and data set.
 
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 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; font-family:inherit; width:677px; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; line-height:normal!important; vertical-align:top!important; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> <pre style="font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; margin-top:0px!important; margin-bottom:0px!important; padding:0px 4px!important; border:none!important; font-size:12px!important; line-height:16px!important; width:auto!important; float:none!important; clear:none!important; overflow:visible!important; background:transparent!important"># Load the libraries
 library<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(arules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)
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 library<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(datasets<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)
 &nbsp;
 # Load the data set
 data<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(Groceries<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)</pre> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table>
 
 Lets explore the data before we make any rules:
 
 <table style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; border-collapse:collapse!important; border-spacing:0px; width:677px"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; font-family:inherit; width:677px; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; line-height:normal!important; vertical-align:top!important; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> <pre style="font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; margin-top:0px!important; margin-bottom:0px!important; padding:0px 4px!important; border:none!important; font-size:12px!important; line-height:16px!important; width:auto!important; float:none!important; clear:none!important; overflow:visible!important; background:transparent!important"># Create an item frequency plot for the top 20 items
 itemFrequencyPlot<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(Groceries<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,topN<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">20<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,type<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(255,0,0)">"absolute"<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)</pre> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table>
 
 [![Apriori Item Frequency][]][Apriori Item Frequency 1]
 
 We are now ready to mine some rules! 
 You will always have to pass the minimum required support and confidence.
 
 * We set the minimum support to 0.001
 * We set the minimum confidence of 0.8
 * We then show the top 5 rules
 
 <table style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; border-collapse:collapse!important; border-spacing:0px; width:677px"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; font-family:inherit; width:677px; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; line-height:normal!important; vertical-align:top!important; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> <pre style="font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; margin-top:0px!important; margin-bottom:0px!important; padding:0px 4px!important; border:none!important; font-size:12px!important; line-height:16px!important; width:auto!important; float:none!important; clear:none!important; overflow:visible!important; background:transparent!important"># Get the rules
 rules <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">&lt;- apriori<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(Groceries<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">, parameter <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">= list<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(supp <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">= <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.001<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">, conf <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">= <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.8<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)
 &nbsp;
 # Show the top 5 rules, but only 2 digits
 options<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(digits<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">2<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)
 inspect<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">[<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">:<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">5<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">]<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)</pre> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table>
 
 The output we see should look something like this
 
 <table style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; border-collapse:collapse!important; border-spacing:0px; width:677px"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
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 <td style="margin:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; font-family:inherit; width:677px; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; line-height:normal!important; vertical-align:top!important; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> <pre style="font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; margin-top:0px!important; margin-bottom:0px!important; padding:0px 4px!important; border:none!important; font-size:12px!important; line-height:16px!important; width:auto!important; float:none!important; clear:none!important; overflow:visible!important; background:transparent!important"> lhs rhs support confidence lift
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 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.0017 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.81 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3.2
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">4 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 butter<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,jam<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.0010 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.83 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3.3
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">5 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 soups<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,bottled beer<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.0011 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.92 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3.6</pre> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table>
 
 This reads easily, for example: if someone buys yogurt and cereals, they are 81% likely to buy whole milk too.
 
 We can get summary info. about the rules that give us some interesting information such as:
 
 * The number of rules generated: 410
 * The distribution of rules by length: Most rules are 4 items long
 * The summary of quality measures: interesting to see ranges of support, lift, and confidence.
 * The information on the data mined: total data mined, and minimum parameters.
 
 <table style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; border-collapse:collapse!important; border-spacing:0px; width:677px"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; font-family:inherit; width:677px; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; line-height:normal!important; vertical-align:top!important; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> <pre style="font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; margin-top:0px!important; margin-bottom:0px!important; padding:0px 4px!important; border:none!important; font-size:12px!important; line-height:16px!important; width:auto!important; float:none!important; clear:none!important; overflow:visible!important; background:transparent!important">set of <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">410 rules
 &nbsp;
 rule <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,0,102)">length distribution <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(lhs <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">+ rhs<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">: sizes
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">4 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">5 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">6 
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">29 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">229 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">140 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">12 
 &nbsp;
 summary of quality measures<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">:
 support conf<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">. lift 
 Min<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">. <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">:<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.00102 Min<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">. <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">:<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.80 Min<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">. <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">: <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3.1 
 1st Qu<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">.:<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.00102 1st Qu<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">.:<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.83 1st Qu<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">.: <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3.3 
 Median <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">:<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.00122 Median <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">:<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.85 Median <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">: <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3.6 
 Mean <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">:<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.00125 Mean <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">:<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.87 Mean <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">: <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">4.0 
 3rd Qu<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">.:<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.00132 3rd Qu<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">.:<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.91 3rd Qu<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">.: <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">4.3 
 Max<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">. <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">:<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.00315 Max<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">. <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">:<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1.00 Max<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">. <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">:<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">11.2 
 &nbsp;
 mining info<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">:
 data n support confidence
 Groceries <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">9835 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.001 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.8</pre> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table>
 
 ## Sorting stuff out ##
 
 The first issue we see here is that the rules are not sorted. Often we will want the most relevant rules first. Lets say we wanted to have the most likely rules. We can easily sort by confidence by executing the following code.
 
 <table style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; border-collapse:collapse!important; border-spacing:0px; width:677px"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; font-family:inherit; width:677px; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; line-height:normal!important; vertical-align:top!important; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> <pre style="font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; margin-top:0px!important; margin-bottom:0px!important; padding:0px 4px!important; border:none!important; font-size:12px!important; line-height:16px!important; width:auto!important; float:none!important; clear:none!important; overflow:visible!important; background:transparent!important">rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">&lt;-<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,0,102)">sort<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">, by<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(255,0,0)">"confidence"<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">, decreasing<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=TRUE<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)</pre> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table>
 
 Now our top 5 output will be sorted by confidence and therefore the most relevant rules appear.
 
 <table style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; border-collapse:collapse!important; border-spacing:0px; width:677px"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; font-family:inherit; width:677px; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; line-height:normal!important; vertical-align:top!important; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> <pre style="font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; margin-top:0px!important; margin-bottom:0px!important; padding:0px 4px!important; border:none!important; font-size:12px!important; line-height:16px!important; width:auto!important; float:none!important; clear:none!important; overflow:visible!important; background:transparent!important"> lhs rhs support conf<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">. lift
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 rice<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,sugar<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.0012 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3.9
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">2 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 canned fish<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,hygiene articles<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.0011 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3.9
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 root vegetables<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,butter<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,rice<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.0010 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3.9
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">4 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 root vegetables<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,whipped<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">/sour cream<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,flour<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.0017 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3.9
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">5 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 butter<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,soft cheese<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,domestic eggs<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.0010 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3.9</pre> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table>
 
 Rule 4 is perhaps excessively long. Lets say you wanted more concise rules. That is also easy to do by adding a “maxlen” parameter to your apriori function:
 
 <table style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; border-collapse:collapse!important; border-spacing:0px; width:677px"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; font-family:inherit; width:677px; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; line-height:normal!important; vertical-align:top!important; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> <pre style="font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; margin-top:0px!important; margin-bottom:0px!important; padding:0px 4px!important; border:none!important; font-size:12px!important; line-height:16px!important; width:auto!important; float:none!important; clear:none!important; overflow:visible!important; background:transparent!important">rules <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">&lt;- apriori<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(Groceries<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">, parameter <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">= list<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(supp <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">= <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.001<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">, conf <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">= <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.8<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,maxlen<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)</pre> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table>
 
 ## Redundancies ##
 
 Sometimes, rules will repeat. Redundancy indicates that one item might be a given. As an analyst you can elect to drop the item from the dataset. Alternatively, you can remove redundant rules generated.
 
 We can eliminate these repeated rules using the follow snippet of code:
 
 <table style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; border-collapse:collapse!important; border-spacing:0px; width:677px"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; font-family:inherit; width:677px; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; line-height:normal!important; vertical-align:top!important; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> <pre style="font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; margin-top:0px!important; margin-bottom:0px!important; padding:0px 4px!important; border:none!important; font-size:12px!important; line-height:16px!important; width:auto!important; float:none!important; clear:none!important; overflow:visible!important; background:transparent!important">subset<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">.matrix <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">&lt;- is<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">.subset<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">, rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)
 subset<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">.matrix<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">[lower<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">.tri<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(subset<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">.matrix<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">, diag<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=T<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">] <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">&lt;- NA
 redundant <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">&lt;- colSums<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(subset<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">.matrix<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">, na<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">.rm<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=T<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">) <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">&gt;= <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1
 rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">.pruned <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">&lt;- rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">[<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">!redundant<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">]
 rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">&lt;-rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">.pruned</pre> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table>
 
 ## Targeting Items ##
 
 Now that we know how to generate rules, limit the output, lets say we wanted to target items to generate rules. There are two types of targets we might be interested in that are illustrated with an example of “whole milk”:
 
 1. What are customers likely to buy before buying whole milk
 2. What are customers likely to buy if they purchase whole milk?
 
 This essentially means we want to set either the Left Hand Side and Right Hand Side. This is not difficult to do with R!
 
 Answering the first question we adjust our apriori() function as follows:
 
 <table style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; border-collapse:collapse!important; border-spacing:0px; width:677px"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; font-family:inherit; width:677px; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; line-height:normal!important; vertical-align:top!important; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> <pre style="font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; margin-top:0px!important; margin-bottom:0px!important; padding:0px 4px!important; border:none!important; font-size:12px!important; line-height:16px!important; width:auto!important; float:none!important; clear:none!important; overflow:visible!important; background:transparent!important">rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">&lt;-apriori<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(data<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=Groceries<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">, parameter<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=list<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(supp<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.001<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,conf <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">= <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.08<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">, 
 appearance <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">= list<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(default<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(255,0,0)">"lhs"<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,rhs<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(255,0,0)">"whole milk"<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,
 control <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">= list<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(verbose<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=F<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)
 rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">&lt;-<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,0,102)">sort<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">, decreasing<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=TRUE<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,by<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(255,0,0)">"confidence"<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)
 inspect<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">[<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">:<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">5<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">]<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)</pre> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table>
 
 The output will look like this:
 
 <table style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; border-collapse:collapse!important; border-spacing:0px; width:677px"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; font-family:inherit; width:677px; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; line-height:normal!important; vertical-align:top!important; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> <pre style="font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; margin-top:0px!important; margin-bottom:0px!important; padding:0px 4px!important; border:none!important; font-size:12px!important; line-height:16px!important; width:auto!important; float:none!important; clear:none!important; overflow:visible!important; background:transparent!important"> lhs rhs supp<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">. conf<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">. lift
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 rice<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,sugar<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.0012 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3.9
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">2 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 canned fish<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,hygiene articles<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.0011 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3.9
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 root vegetables<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,butter<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,rice<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.0010 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3.9
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">4 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 root vegetables<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,whipped<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">/sour cream<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,flour<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.0017 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3.9
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">5 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 butter<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,soft cheese<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">, domestic eggs<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.0010 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3.9</pre> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table>
 
 Likewise, we can set the left hand side to be “whole milk” and find its antecedents. 
 Note the following:
 
 * We set the confidence to 0.15 since we get no rules with 0.8
 * We set a minimum length of 2 to avoid empty left hand side items
 
 <table style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; border-collapse:collapse!important; border-spacing:0px; width:677px"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; font-family:inherit; width:677px; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; line-height:normal!important; vertical-align:top!important; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> <pre style="font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; margin-top:0px!important; margin-bottom:0px!important; padding:0px 4px!important; border:none!important; font-size:12px!important; line-height:16px!important; width:auto!important; float:none!important; clear:none!important; overflow:visible!important; background:transparent!important">rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">&lt;-apriori<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(data<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=Groceries<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">, parameter<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=list<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(supp<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.001<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,conf <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">= <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.15<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,minlen<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">2<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">, 
 appearance <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">= list<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(default<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(255,0,0)">"rhs"<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,lhs<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(255,0,0)">"whole milk"<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,
 control <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">= list<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(verbose<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=F<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)
 rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">&lt;-<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,0,102)">sort<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">, decreasing<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=TRUE<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,by<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(255,0,0)">"confidence"<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)
 inspect<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">[<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">:<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">5<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">]<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)</pre> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table>
 
 Now our output looks like this:
 
 <table style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; border-collapse:collapse!important; border-spacing:0px; width:677px"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; font-family:inherit; width:677px; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; line-height:normal!important; vertical-align:top!important; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> <pre style="font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; margin-top:0px!important; margin-bottom:0px!important; padding:0px 4px!important; border:none!important; font-size:12px!important; line-height:16px!important; width:auto!important; float:none!important; clear:none!important; overflow:visible!important; background:transparent!important"> lhs rhs support confidence lift
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 other vegetables<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.075 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.29 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1.5
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">2 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 rolls<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">/buns<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.057 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.22 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1.2
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">3 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 yogurt<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.056 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.22 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1.6
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">4 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 root vegetables<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.049 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.19 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1.8
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">5 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 tropical fruit<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.042 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.17 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">1.6
 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">6 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 whole milk<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=&gt; <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">{
 soda<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">} <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.040 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.16 <span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(204,102,204)">0.9</pre> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table>
 
 ## Visualization ##
 
 The last step is visualization. Lets say you wanted to map out the rules in a graph. We can do that with another library called “arulesViz”.
 
 <table style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; border-collapse:collapse!important; border-spacing:0px; width:677px"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; font-family:inherit; width:677px; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; line-height:normal!important; vertical-align:top!important; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)"> <pre style="font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; margin-top:0px!important; margin-bottom:0px!important; padding:0px 4px!important; border:none!important; font-size:12px!important; line-height:16px!important; width:auto!important; float:none!important; clear:none!important; overflow:visible!important; background:transparent!important">library<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(arulesViz<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)
 plot<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">(rules<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,method<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(255,0,0)">"graph"<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,interactive<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=TRUE<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">,shading<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(51,153,51)">=NA<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; font-style:inherit; font-variant:inherit; font-weight:inherit; font-size:undefined; line-height:inherit; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,153,0)">)</pre> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table>
 
 You will get a nice graph that you can move around to look like this:
 
 [![Rules Graph][]][Rules Graph 1]
 
 ## References ##
 
 * [Snowplow Market Basket Analysis][]
 * [Discovering Knowledge in Data: An Introduction to Data Mining][Discovering Knowledge in Data_ An Introduction to Data Mining]![ir_t_salemara-20_l_as2_o_1_a_0471666572][]
 * [RDatamining.com][]

[Author]: /images/20220722/18001f19d0fc4ceba3664f745b8f95d1.png
[Salem]: http://www.salemmarafi.com/author/salem/
[Comments]: /images/20220722/f321a79ab56845c285ae165019d0a218.png
[60 Comments]: http://www.salemmarafi.com/code/market-basket-analysis-with-r/#comments
[http_www.paulshealthblog.com_2012_05_customers-who-bought-this-item-also.html]: /images/20220722/a28fe9c8d3ec411f876af5855b656a57.png
[Source_ Paul_s Health Blog]: http://www.paulshealthblog.com/2012/05/customers-who-bought-this-item-also.html
[really cool stuff]: http://static.ijcsce.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/IJCSCE110513.pdf
[Groceries data set]: http://www.salemmarafi.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/groceries.csv
[wikipedia]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_%28data_mining%29
[Apriori Item Frequency]: /images/20220722/1869f7193604491e900527ac1c47aaa0.png
[Apriori Item Frequency 1]: http://www.salemmarafi.com/code/market-basket-analysis-with-r/attachment/itemfrequency/
[Rules Graph]: /images/20220722/f998609a410343189d17194499162ad9.png
[Rules Graph 1]: http://www.salemmarafi.com/code/market-basket-analysis-with-r/attachment/rulegraph/
[Snowplow Market Basket Analysis]: http://snowplowanalytics.com/analytics/catalog-analytics/market-basket-analysis-identifying-products-that-sell-well-together.html
[Discovering Knowledge in Data_ An Introduction to Data Mining]: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0471666572/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0471666572&linkCode=as2&tag=salemara-20
[ir_t_salemara-20_l_as2_o_1_a_0471666572]: http://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=salemara-20&l=as2&o=1&a=0471666572
[RDatamining.com]: http://www.rdatamining.com/examples/association-rules