Maven小结

骑猪看日落 2022-08-20 02:16 186阅读 0赞

# 站在巨人的肩膀上 #

[Maven Offical][]

[Maven Guide][]

--------------------

# 安装&配置 #

[Maven3][]

## windows ##

*  添加M2\_HOME，环境变量
 *  修改PATH，添加%M2\_HOME%\\bin
 *  验证，cmd运行mvn –version

## Linux ##

*  vim ~/.bashrc
 *  文末添加M2\_HOME=”maven路径”，path=*M*2*H**O**M**E*/*b**i**n*:path
 *  resource ~/.bashrc
 *  Termial 运行mvn –version

--------------------

# Maven Lifecycle #

## [ReferenceLink][] ##

## Clean Lifecycle ##

*  pre-clean
 *  clean
 *  post-clean

## Default Lifecycle ##

*  validate

Validates whether project is correct and all necessary information is available to complete the build process.

*  initialize

Initializes build state, for example set properties

*  generate-sources

Generate any source code to be included in compilation phase

*  process-sources

Process the source code, for example, filter any value

*  generate-resources
 *  process-resources

Copy and process the resources into the destination directory, ready for packaging phase

*  compile
 *  process-classes

Post-process the generated files from compilation, for example to do bytecode enhancement/optimization on Java classes

*  generate-test-sources

Generate any test source code to be included in compilation phase

*  process-test-sources

Process the test source code, for example, filter any values.

*  process-test-resources
 *  test-compile

Compile the test source code into the test destination directory

*  process-test-classes

Process the generated files from test code file compilation.

*  test

Run tests using a suitable unit testing framework(Junit is one)

*  prepare-package

Perform any operations necessary to prepare a package before the actual packaging.

*  package

Take the compiled code and package it in its distributable format, such as a JAR, WAR, or EAR file.

*  pre-integration-test

Perform actions required before integration tests are executed. For example, setting up the required environment.

*  integration-test

Process and deploy the package if necessary into an environment where integration tests can be run

*  post-integration-test

Perform actions required after integration tests have been executed. For example, cleaning up the environment.

*  verify

Run any check-ups to verify the package is valid and meets quality criterias

*  install

Install the package into the local repository, which can be used as a dependency in other projects locally.

*  deploy

Copies the final package to the remote repository for sharing with other developers and projects

## Site Lifecycle ##

Maven的网站插件通常用于创建新的文档，创建报告，部署网站等  
\- pre-site  
\- site  
\- post-site  
\- site-deploy

--------------------

# Maven Dependency #

## 依赖的传递性 ##

当项目A依赖于B，而B又依赖于C的时候，自然的A会依赖于C，这样Maven在建立项目A的时候，会自动加载对C的依赖。

### 依赖传递对版本的选择 ###

假设A依赖于B和C，然后B依赖于D，D又依赖于E1.0，C直接依赖于E2.0，那么这个时候A依赖的是E1.0还是E2.0，还是这两个都依赖呢？两个都依赖是肯定不行的，因为它们可能会有冲突的地方。这个时候就涉及到Maven中依赖传递对版本的选择问题。依赖传递在选择版本的时候首先是根据深度选择的。当一个项目同时经过不同的路径依赖于同一个组件时，会选择其深度最短的对应组件进行依赖。举例来说，假设A->B->C->D1.0，A->E->D2.0，那么这个时候A就会选择对D相对路径短的组件来进行依赖，也就是D2.0。那么当深度一样的时候Maven会如何选择呢？即A->B->D1.0和A->C->D2.0，这个时候Maven会如何选择A所依赖的D的版本呢？这种情况Maven会根据申明的依赖顺序来进行选择，先申明的会被作为依赖包。向前面这种情况，如果先申明对B的依赖，则A依赖的就是D1.0，如果先申明对C的依赖，则A依赖的就是D2.0。

### 使用exclusion排除依赖 ###

假设有这样一种依赖关系，A->B->C，这个时候由于某些原因，我们不需要对C的依赖，但是我们又必须要对B的依赖，这个时候该怎么办呢？针对这种情况，Maven给我们提供了一个exclusion功能，我们可以在添加A对B的依赖时申明不需要引进B对C的依赖。

### 可选的依赖项 ###

可选的依赖项表示可有可无，不一定需要的，它只是做一个标记。为了便于大家理解，我们先看这样一种情况，假设项目B依赖于项目C，这个时候我们把B对C的依赖利用optional标记为可选的，它意味着B中只有部分地方用到了C，并不是必须要的，当你依赖于B，但是又不需要使用到B的C功能时，可以不依赖于C。这样当A->B->C时，在建立项目A的时候将不会加入对C的依赖，因为C对B是可选的，我们不一定会用到C。但是在建立项目B的时候，Maven就会加入对C的依赖。也就是说这种标记为optional的依赖项对项目本身而言是没有什么影响的，它影响的是以该项目作为依赖项的其他项目，如这里的项目A。这种可选的依赖项有一个好处就是它会默认的作为exclusion项排除。

## 依赖的作用域 ##

在定义项目的依赖项的时候，我们可以通过scope来指定该依赖项的作用范围。scope的取值有compile、runtime、test、provided、system和import。  
compile：这是依赖项的默认作用范围，即当没有指定依赖项的scope时默认使用compile。compile范围内的依赖项在所有情况下都是有效的，包括运行、测试和编译时。  
runtime：表示该依赖项只有在运行时才是需要的，在编译的时候不需要。这种类型的依赖项将在运行和test的类路径下可以访问。  
test：表示该依赖项只对测试时有用，包括测试代码的编译和运行，对于正常的项目运行是没有影响的。  
provided：表示该依赖项将由JDK或者运行容器在运行时提供，也就是说由Maven提供的该依赖项我们只有在编译和测试时才会用到，而在运行时将由JDK或者运行容器提供。  
system：当scope为system时，表示该依赖项是我们自己提供的，不需要Maven到仓库里面去找。指定scope为system需要与另一个属性元素systemPath一起使用，它表示该依赖项在当前系统的位置，使用的是绝对路径。

--------------------

# Maven Repository #

release和snapshots：是artifact的两种policies，pom可以选择那种政策有效。  
enable：指定两种类型是否可用，true or false  
updatePolicy:说明更新发生的频率always 或者 never 或者 daily（默认的）或者 interval:X（X是分钟数）

checksumPolicy：当Maven的部署文件到仓库中，它也部署了相应的校验和文件。您可以选择忽略，失败，或缺少或不正确的校验和警告。

layout：maven1.x与maven2有不同的layout，所以可以声明为default或者是legacy（遗留方式maven1.x）。

--------------------

# Maven Plugin #

## [ReferenceLink][ReferenceLink 1] ##

Maven本质上是一个插件框架，它的核心并不执行任何具体的构建任务，所有这些任务都交给插件来完成，例如编译源代码是由maven-compiler-plugin完成的。进一步说，每个任务对应了一个插件目标（goal），每个插件会有一个或者多个目标，例如maven-compiler-plugin的compile目标用来编译位于src/main/java/目录下的主源码，testCompile目标用来编译位于src/test/java/目录下的测试源码。

命令mvn compile实际上是先定位到compile这一生命周期阶段，然后再根据绑定关系调用maven-compiler-plugin的compile目标。第二种方式是直接在命令行指定要执行的插件目标，例如mvn archetype:generate 就表示调用maven-archetype-plugin的generate目标，这种带冒号的调用方式与生命周期无关。

--------------------

# Pom begin #

注1：命名空间等信息可以不写，最好写，IDE会根据命名空间指定的约束，模板信息验证书写的pom文件的合法性，和智能补全功能。

注2：modelVersion 描述这个POM文件是遵从哪个版本的项目描述符。maven2，maven3都是**4.0.0**。

--------------------

# Maven profile #

## [ReferenceLink][ReferenceLink 2] ##

profile可以让我们定义一系列的配置信息，然后指定其激活条件。这样我们就可以定义多个profile，然后每个profile对应不同的激活条件和配置信息，从而达到不同环境使用不同配置信息的效果。

--------------------

# Maven Run #

## [Run special java main][] ##

mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="com.vineetmanohar.module.Main" -Dexec.args="arg0 arg1 arg2"

## [Run Special Test Method][] ##

mvn -Dtest=TestCircle#xyz test

TestCircle is class name ,xyz is method  
For integration tests use it.test=… option instead of test=…:

--------------------

# Maven convert to eclipse and IDEA #

*  生成eclipse项目:mvn eclipse:eclipse
 *  生成idea项目:mvn idea:idea

--------------------

# Pom详解 #

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd ">
        
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        
        <parent>
            
            <groupId/>
            
            <artifactId/>
            
            <version/>
            
            <relativePath/>
        </parent>
    
        
        <groupId>asia.banseon</groupId>
        
        <artifactId>banseon-maven2</artifactId>
        
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
        
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        
        <name>banseon-maven</name>
        
        <url>http://www.baidu.com/banseon</url>
        
        <description>A maven project to study maven.</description>
    
        
        <prerequisites>
            
            <maven>2.0</maven>
        </prerequisites>
    
        
        <issueManagement>
            
            <system>jira</system>
            
            <url>http://jira.baidu.com/banseon</url>
        </issueManagement>
    
        
        <ciManagement>
            
            <system/>
            
            <url/>
            
            <notifiers>
                
                <notifier>
                    
                    <type/>
                    
                    <sendOnError/>
                    
                    <sendOnFailure/>
                    
                    <sendOnSuccess/>
                    
                    <sendOnWarning/>
                    
                    <address/>
                    
                    <configuration/>
                </notifier>
            </notifiers>
        </ciManagement>
    
        
        <inceptionYear/>
    
        
        <mailingLists>
            
            <mailingList>
                
                <name>Demo</name>
                
                <post>banseon@126.com</post>
                
                <subscribe>banseon@126.com</subscribe>
                
                <unsubscribe>banseon@126.com</unsubscribe>
                
                <archive>http:/hi.baidu.com/banseon/demo/dev/</archive>
            </mailingList>
        </mailingLists>
    
        
        <developers>
            
            <developer>
                
                <id>HELLO WORLD</id>
                
                <name>banseon</name>
                
                <email>banseon@126.com</email>
                
                <url/>
                
                <roles>
                    <role>Project Manager</role>
                    <role>Architect</role>
                </roles>
                
                <organization>demo</organization>
                
                <organizationUrl>http://hi.baidu.com/banseon</organizationUrl>
                
                <properties>
                    <dept>No</dept>
                </properties>
                
                <timezone>-5</timezone>
            </developer>
        </developers>
    
        
        <contributors>
            
            <contributor>
                <name/>
                <email/>
                <url/>
                <organization/>
                <organizationUrl/>
                <roles/>
                <timezone/>
                <properties/>
            </contributor>
        </contributors>
    
        
        <licenses>
            
            <license>
                
                <name>Apache 2</name>
                
                <url>http://www.baidu.com/banseon/LICENSE-2.0.txt</url>
                
                <distribution>repo</distribution>
                
                <comments>A business-friendly OSS license</comments>
            </license>
        </licenses>
    
        
        <scm>
            
            <connection>
    
                scm:svn:http://svn.baidu.com/banseon/maven/banseon/banseon-maven2-trunk(dao-trunk)
    
            </connection>
            
            <developerConnection>
    
                scm:svn:http://svn.baidu.com/banseon/maven/banseon/dao-trunk
    
            </developerConnection>
            
            <tag/>
            
            <url>http://svn.baidu.com/banseon</url>
        </scm>
    
        
        <organization>
            
            <name>demo</name>
            
            <url>http://www.baidu.com/banseon</url>
        </organization>
    
        
        <build>
            
            <sourceDirectory/>
            
            <scriptSourceDirectory/>
            
            <testSourceDirectory/>
            
            <outputDirectory/>
            
            <testOutputDirectory/>
            
            <extensions>
                
                <extension>
                    
                    <groupId/>
                    
                    <artifactId/>
                    
                    <version/>
                </extension>
            </extensions>
            
            <defaultGoal/>
            
            <resources>
                
                <resource>
                    
                    <targetPath/>
                    
                    <filtering/>
                    
                    <directory/>
                    
                    <includes/>
                    
                    <excludes/>
                </resource>
            </resources>
            
            <testResources>
                
                <testResource>
                    <targetPath/>
                    <filtering/>
                    <directory/>
                    <includes/>
                    <excludes/>
                </testResource>
            </testResources>
            
            <directory/>
            
            <finalName/>
            
            <filters/>
            
            <pluginManagement>
                
                <plugins>
                    
                    <plugin>
                        
                        <groupId/>
                        
                        <artifactId/>
                        
                        <version/>
                        
                        <extensions/>
                        
                        <executions>
                            
                            <execution>
                                
                                <id/>
                                
                                <phase/>
                                
                                <goals/>
                                
                                <inherited/>
                                
                                <configuration/>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                        
                        <dependencies>
                            
                            <dependency></dependency>
                        </dependencies>
                        
                        <inherited/>
                        
                        <configuration/>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </pluginManagement>
            
            <plugins>
                
                <plugin>
                    <groupId/>
                    <artifactId/>
                    <version/>
                    <extensions/>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <id/>
                            <phase/>
                            <goals/>
                            <inherited/>
                            <configuration/>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                    <dependencies>
                        
                        <dependency></dependency>
                    </dependencies>
                    <goals/>
                    <inherited/>
                    <configuration/>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
        
        <profiles>
            
            <profile>
                
                <id/>
                
                <activation>
                    
                    <activeByDefault/>
                    
                    <jdk/>
                    
                    <os>
                        
                        <name>Windows XP</name>
                        
                        <family>Windows</family>
                        
                        <arch>x86</arch>
                        
                        <version>5.1.2600</version>
                    </os>
                    
                    <property>
                        
                        <name>mavenVersion</name>
                        
                        <value>2.0.3</value>
                    </property>
                    
                    <file>
                        
                        <exists>/usr/local/hudson/hudson-home/jobs/maven-guide-zh-to-production/workspace/
                        </exists>
                        
                        <missing>/usr/local/hudson/hudson-home/jobs/maven-guide-zh-to-production/workspace/</missing>
                    </file>
                </activation>
                
                <build>
                    <defaultGoal/>
                    <resources>
                        <resource>
                            <targetPath/>
                            <filtering/>
                            <directory/>
                            <includes/>
                            <excludes/>
                        </resource>
                    </resources>
                    <testResources>
                        <testResource>
                            <targetPath/>
                            <filtering/>
                            <directory/>
                            <includes/>
                            <excludes/>
                        </testResource>
                    </testResources>
                    <directory/>
                    <finalName/>
                    <filters/>
                    <pluginManagement>
                        <plugins>
                            
                            <plugin>
                                <groupId/>
                                <artifactId/>
                                <version/>
                                <extensions/>
                                <executions>
                                    <execution>
                                        <id/>
                                        <phase/>
                                        <goals/>
                                        <inherited/>
                                        <configuration/>
                                    </execution>
                                </executions>
                                <dependencies>
                                    
                                    <dependency></dependency>
                                </dependencies>
                                <goals/>
                                <inherited/>
                                <configuration/>
                            </plugin>
                        </plugins>
                    </pluginManagement>
                    <plugins>
                        
                        <plugin>
                            <groupId/>
                            <artifactId/>
                            <version/>
                            <extensions/>
                            <executions>
                                <execution>
                                    <id/>
                                    <phase/>
                                    <goals/>
                                    <inherited/>
                                    <configuration/>
                                </execution>
                            </executions>
                            <dependencies>
                                
                                <dependency></dependency>
                            </dependencies>
                            <goals/>
                            <inherited/>
                            <configuration/>
                        </plugin>
                    </plugins>
                </build>
                
                <modules/>
                
                <repositories>
                    
                    <repository>
                        <releases>
                            <enabled/>
                            <updatePolicy/>
                            <checksumPolicy/>
                        </releases>
                        <snapshots>
                            <enabled/>
                            <updatePolicy/>
                            <checksumPolicy/>
                        </snapshots>
                        <id/>
                        <name/>
                        <url/>
                        <layout/>
                    </repository>
                </repositories>
                
                <pluginRepositories>
                    
                    <pluginRepository>
                        <releases>
                            <enabled/>
                            <updatePolicy/>
                            <checksumPolicy/>
                        </releases>
                        <snapshots>
                            <enabled/>
                            <updatePolicy/>
                            <checksumPolicy/>
                        </snapshots>
                        <id/>
                        <name/>
                        <url/>
                        <layout/>
                    </pluginRepository>
                </pluginRepositories>
                
                <dependencies>
                    
                    <dependency></dependency>
                </dependencies>
                
                <reports/>
                
                <reporting></reporting>
                
                <dependencyManagement>
                    <dependencies>
                        
                        <dependency></dependency>
                    </dependencies>
                </dependencyManagement>
                
                <distributionManagement></distributionManagement>
                
                <properties/>
            </profile>
        </profiles>
    
        
        <modules/>
    
        
        <repositories>
            
            <repository>
                
                <releases>
                    
                    <enabled/>
                    
                    <updatePolicy/>
                    
                    <checksumPolicy/>
                </releases>
                
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled/>
                    <updatePolicy/>
                    <checksumPolicy/>
                </snapshots>
                
                <id>banseon-repository-proxy</id>
                
                <name>banseon-repository-proxy</name>
                
                <url>http://192.168.1.169:9999/repository/
                </url>
                
                <layout>default</layout>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
        
        <pluginRepositories>
            
            <pluginRepository></pluginRepository>
        </pluginRepositories>
    
        
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                
                <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
                
                <artifactId>maven-artifact</artifactId>
                
                <version>3.8.1
                </version>
                
                <type>jar
                </type>
                
                <classifier></classifier>
                
                <scope>test
                </scope>
                
                <systemPath></systemPath>
                
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
                
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        
        <reports></reports>
    
        
        <reporting>
            
            <excludeDefaults/>
            
            <outputDirectory/>
            
            <plugins>
                
                <plugin>
                    
                    <groupId/>
                    
                    <artifactId/>
                    
                    <version/>
                    
                    <inherited/>
                    
                    <configuration/>
                    
                    <reportSets>
                        
                        <reportSet>
                            
                            <id/>
                            
                            <configuration/>
                            
                            <inherited/>
                            
                            <reports/>
                        </reportSet>
                    </reportSets>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </reporting>
    
        
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                
                <dependency></dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        
        <distributionManagement>
            
            <repository>
                
                <uniqueVersion/>
                <id>banseon-maven2</id>
                <name>banseon maven2</name>
                <url>file://${basedir}/target/deploy</url>
                <layout/>
            </repository>
            
            <snapshotRepository>
                <uniqueVersion/>
                <id>banseon-maven2</id>
                <name>Banseon-maven2 Snapshot Repository</name>
                <url>scp://svn.baidu.com/banseon:/usr/local/maven-snapshot</url>
                <layout/>
            </snapshotRepository>
            
            <site>
                
                <id>banseon-site</id>
                
                <name>business api website</name>
                
                <url>
    
                    scp://svn.baidu.com/banseon:/var/www/localhost/banseon-web
    
                </url>
            </site>
            
            <downloadUrl/>
            
            <relocation>
                
                <groupId/>
                
                <artifactId/>
                
                <version/>
                
                <message/>
            </relocation>
            
            <status/>
        </distributionManagement>
    
        
        <properties/>
        
        <proxies>
            <proxy>
                <id>optional</id>
                <active>true</active>
                <protocol>http</protocol>
                <username>proxyuser</username>
                <password>proxypass</password>
                <host>proxy.host.net</host>
                <port>80</port>
                <nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
            </proxy>
    
        </proxies>
    </project>

[Maven Offical]: http://maven.apache.org/
[Maven Guide]: http://www.yiibai.com/maven/
[Maven3]: http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi#
[ReferenceLink]: http://www.yiibai.com/maven/maven_build_life_cycle.html
[ReferenceLink 1]: http://www.infoq.com/cn/news/2011/04/xxb-maven-7-plugin/
[ReferenceLink 2]: http://haohaoxuexi.iteye.com/blog/1900568
[Run special java main]: http://www.vineetmanohar.com/2009/11/3-ways-to-run-java-main-from-maven/
[Run Special Test Method]: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1873995/run-a-single-test-method-with-maven