dom4j基本使用_xpath基本使用_junit测试

妖狐艹你老母 2022-08-13 19:57 215阅读 0赞

**1. Java项目(Eclipse)结构**

![Center][]

**2. 项目下载(0积分)**

[dom4j\_xpath\_junitTest.zip][dom4j_xpath_junitTest.zip]

**3. 代码**

package org.foo.utils;
    
    import java.io.FileWriter;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.URL;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import org.dom4j.Attribute;
    import org.dom4j.Document;
    import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
    import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
    import org.dom4j.Element;
    import org.dom4j.Node;
    import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat;
    import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
    import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    
    final public class XmlUtils {
    	
    	private static URL URL = XmlUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResource("configuration.xml");
    	
    	/** ---------------------------------- *\
    			获取Document对象
    	\*  ---------------------------------- */
    	
    	public static Document getDocument(URL url) throws DocumentException {
    		// url = XmlUtils.class.getResource("configuration.xml");
    		SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();                 
    		return reader.read( url );
    	}
    	
    	public static Document getDocument(String xmlString) throws DocumentException {
    		/*
    		xmlString =		"<configuration>                                                    " +
    						"    <users>                                                        " +
    						"        <user id='user_1' loginName='zhangsan' password='123'/>    " +
    						"        <user id='user_2' loginName='lisi' password='456'>         " +
    						"            <role name='admin'/>                                   " +
    						"            <role name='programmer'/>                              " +
    						"        </user>                                                    " +
    						"    </users>                                                       " +
    						"</configuration>                                                   " ;
    		*/
    		return DocumentHelper.parseText(xmlString); 
    	}
    	
    	public static Document getDocument() throws DocumentException {
    		// 空文档
    		return DocumentHelper.createDocument();
    	}
    	
    	
    	
    	
    	/** ---------------------------------- *\
    			将文档写入XML文件
    	\*  ---------------------------------- */	
    	
    	// 普通写入(全英文,无缩进无换行)
    	public static void write2Xml(Document document) throws IOException {
    		XMLWriter writer = null;
    		try {
    			writer = new XMLWriter( new FileWriter(URL.getPath()) );
    			writer.write(document);
    		} finally {
    			if (writer != null) {
    				writer.close();
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	
    	// 格式化写入(指定编码,缩进+换行)
    	public static void write2XmlWithPrettyFormatAndEncoding(Document document, String encoding) throws IOException {
    		XMLWriter writer = null;
    		try {
    			// format
    			OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint(); 
    			// characterSet, eg. UTF-8 GBK
    			format.setEncoding(encoding);
    			writer = new XMLWriter( new FileWriter(URL.getPath()), format );
    			writer.write(document);
    		} finally {
    			if (writer != null) {
    				writer.close();
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	
    	
    	/** ---------------------------------- *\
    			字符串 <==> XML
    	\*  ---------------------------------- */	
    	
    	public static Document xmlString2Document(String xmlString) throws DocumentException {
    		if (xmlString == null) {
    			xmlString =	"<configuration>                                                 " +
    						"    <users>                                                     " +
    						"        <user id='user_1' loginName='zhangsan' password='123'/> " +
    						"        <user id='user_2' loginName='lisi' password='456'>      " +
    						"            <role name='admin'/>                                " +
    						"            <role name='programmer'/>                           " +
    						"        </user>                                                 " +
    						"    </users>                                                    " +
    						"</configuration>                                                " ;
    		}
    		return DocumentHelper.parseText(xmlString); 
    	}
    	
    	public static String document2XmlString(Document document) {
    		return document.asXML();
    	}
    		
    	
    	/** ---------------------------------- *\
    			节点对象操作
    	\*  ---------------------------------- */
    	
    	// 1. 获取根节点
    	@Test public void testOperationNode_1() throws Exception {
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();
    		System.out.println("<" + rootElement.getName() + ">");
    	}	
    	
    	// 2. 获取节点的<第一个>子节点
    	@Test public void testOperationNode_2() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();
    		Element firstChild = rootElement.element("users");
    		System.out.println("<" + firstChild.getName() + ">");
    	}
    	
    	// 3. 获取标签体内容( Text,CDATA and Entitynodes )
    	@Test public void testOperationNode_3() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();
    		String text = rootElement.getText();
    		System.out.println("[" + text + "]");
    	}
    	
    	// 4. 获取<所有的>子节点
    	@Test public void testOperationNode_4() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();
    		Element firstChild = rootElement.element("users");
    		List<Element> children = firstChild.elements();
    		for (Iterator it = children.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {      
    			Element e = (Element) it.next();
    			System.out.println( "<" + e.getName() + ">");
    		}  
    	}
    	
    	// 5. 遍历<子节点>
    	@Test public void testOperationNode_5() throws Exception {
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();
    		Element firstChild = rootElement.element("users");
    		for (Iterator it = firstChild.elementIterator(); it.hasNext();) { 
    			Element e = (Element) it.next();
    			System.out.println( "<" + e.getName() + ">");
    		}
    	}
    	
    	// 6. 遍历<指定名称>的<子节点>
    	@Test public void testOperationNode_6() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();
    		for (Iterator it = rootElement.elementIterator("users"); it.hasNext();) { 
    			Element e = (Element) it.next();
    			System.out.println( "<" + e.getName() + ">");
    		}
    	}
    	
    	// 7. 添加<子节点>    注:操作节点后,需要将 document写入xml文件
    	@Test public void testOperationNode_7() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();
    		
    		rootElement.addElement("addElment");
    		
    		System.out.println( document2XmlString(document) );
    	}
    	
    	// 8. 给节点<添加文本>
    	@Test public void testOperationNode_8() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();
    		
    		rootElement.addElement("addElment")
    				   .setText("a new child");;
    		
    		System.out.println( document2XmlString(document) );
    	}
    	
    	// 9. 删除<子节点>
    	@Test public void testOperationNode_9() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();
    		
    		rootElement.remove( rootElement.element("users") );
    		
    		System.out.println( document2XmlString(document) );
    	}
    	
    	// 10. 添加 CDATA节点
    	@Test public void testOperationNode_10() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();
    		
    		rootElement.addCDATA("<c:if test=\"{wahh}\"></c:if>");
    		
    		System.out.println( document2XmlString(document) );
    	}
    	
    	// 11. 根据<ID属性值>获取节点
    	@Test public void testOperationNode_11() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		// ID="user_1"
    		Element element = document.elementByID("user_1");
    		
    		System.out.println( element.getName() );
    	}
    	
    	
    	/** ---------------------------------- *\
    			节点对象的属性操作
    	\*  ---------------------------------- */
    
    	
    	// 1. 获取某节点的<属性节点>
    	@Test public void testOperationAttr_1() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		Element element = document.elementByID("user_1");
    		Attribute loginNameAttribute = element.attribute("loginName");
    		System.out.println(loginNameAttribute);
    	}
    	
    	// 2. 获取<属性节点>的值
    	@Test public void testOperationAttr_2() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		Element element = document.elementByID("user_1");
    		Attribute loginNameAttribute = element.attribute("loginName");
    		
    		System.out.println(loginNameAttribute.getValue());
    		System.out.println(loginNameAttribute.getText());
    	}
    	
    	// 3. 删除<属性节点>
    	@Test public void testOperationAttr_3() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		Element element = document.elementByID("user_1");
    		Attribute loginNameAttribute = element.attribute("loginName");
    		
    		element.remove(loginNameAttribute);
    		
    		System.out.println( document2XmlString(document) );
    	}
    	
    	// 4. 遍历节点的所有属性
    	@Test public void testOperationAttr_4() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		Element element = document.elementByID("user_1");
    		
    		for (Iterator it = element.attributeIterator(); it.hasNext();){   
    			Attribute attribute = (Attribute) it.next();
    			String attributeName = attribute.getName();
    			String attributeValue = attribute.getValue();
    			System.out.println(attributeName + "=" + attributeValue);
    		}
    	}
    	
    	// 5. <添加/替换>属性节点
    	@Test public void testOperationAttr_5() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		Element element = document.elementByID("user_1");
    		element.addAttribute("loginName", "zhang123"); // 替换
    		element.addAttribute("newAttr", "wahh"); // 添加
    		System.out.println(document2XmlString(document));
    	}
    	
    	/** ---------------------------------- *\
    				xpath-路径表达式
    	\*  ---------------------------------- */
    	
    	/*
    		/			从根节点选取; 从子节点中选
    		//			从匹配选择的当前节点选择文档中的节点，而不考虑它们的位置; 从后代中选
    		.			选取当前节点
    		..			选取当前节点的父节点
    		@			选取属性
    	*/
    	
    	// 1. "/configuration/users/user"	从根节点开始,选取所有的<user>
    	@Test public void testXpath_1() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "/configuration/users/user";
    		
    		List<Element> nodeList = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		for (Element element : nodeList) {
    			System.out.println(element.attributeValue("ID"));
    		}
    	}
    	
    	// 2. "//user"	选取所有的<user>
    	@Test public void testXpath_2() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "//user";
    		
    		List<Element> nodeList = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		for (Element element : nodeList) {
    			System.out.println(element.attributeValue("ID"));
    		}
    	}
    	
    	// 3. "//users/user"	选取<users>的所有<user>子节点
    	@Test public void testXpath_3() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "//users/user";
    		
    		List<Element> nodeList = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		for (Element element : nodeList) {
    			System.out.println(element.attributeValue("ID"));
    		}
    	}
    	
    	// 4. "/configuration//user"	选取<configuration>的所有<user>后代节点
    	@Test public void testXpath_4() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "/configuration//user";
    		
    		List<Element> nodeList = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		for (Element element : nodeList) {
    			System.out.println(element.attributeValue("ID"));
    		}
    	}
    	
    	
    	// 5. "//@loginName"	选取有属性名为 loginName 的属性节点
    	@Test public void testXpath_5() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "//@loginName";
    		
    		List<Attribute> attributeList = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		for (Attribute attribute : attributeList) {
    			System.out.println(attribute.getValue());
    		}
    	}
    	
    	// 6. "//@password='123'"	是否存在 loginName='zhangsan' 的节点
    	@Test public void testXpath_6() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "//@password='123'";
    		
    		List<Boolean> list = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		
    		for (Boolean isExist : list) {
    			System.out.println(isExist);
    		}
    	}
    
    	
    	
    	/** ---------------------------------- *\
    			xpath-谓语（Predicates）
    				谓语用来查找某个特定的节点或者包含某个指定的值的节点。
    				谓语被嵌在方括号中。
    	\*  ---------------------------------- */
    	
    	
    	// 1. "//user[1]"	选取第一个<user>节点, 节点索引从1开始
    	@Test public void testPredicates_1() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "//user[1]";
    		
    		List<Element> nodeList = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		
    		for (Element element : nodeList) {
    			System.out.println(element.attributeValue("ID"));
    		}
    	}
    	
    	// 2. "//user[last()]"	选取最后<user>节点
    	@Test public void testPredicates_2() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "//user[last()]";
    		
    		List<Element> nodeList = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		
    		for (Element element : nodeList) {
    			System.out.println(element.attributeValue("ID"));
    		}
    	}
    	
    	// 3. "//user[last()-1]"	选倒数第二个<user>节点
    	@Test public void testPredicates_3() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "//user[last()-1]";
    		
    		List<Element> nodeList = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		
    		for (Element element : nodeList) {
    			System.out.println(element.attributeValue("ID"));
    		}
    	}
    	
    	// 4. "//user[position()<3]"	选前两个<user>节点
    	@Test public void testPredicates_4() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "//user[position()<3]";
    		
    		List<Element> nodeList = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		
    		for (Element element : nodeList) {
    			System.out.println(element.attributeValue("ID"));
    		}
    	}
    	
    	// 5. "//user[@loginName]"	选有loginName属性的<user>节点
    	@Test public void testPredicates_5() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "//user[@loginName]";
    		
    		List<Element> nodeList = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		
    		for (Element element : nodeList) {
    			System.out.println(element.attributeValue("ID"));
    		}
    	}
    	
    	// 6. "//user[@loginName='zhangsan']"	选 loginName属性=zhangsan 的<user>节点
    	@Test public void testPredicates_6() throws Exception { 
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "//user[@loginName='zhangsan']";
    		
    		List<Element> nodeList = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		
    		for (Element element : nodeList) {
    			System.out.println(element.attributeValue("ID"));
    		}
    	}
    	
    	
    	/** ---------------------------------- *\
    				通配符
    	\*  ---------------------------------- */
    	
    	/*
    	 		*		匹配任何元素节点
    	 		@* 		匹配任何属性节点
    	 		node() 	匹配任何类型节点
    	 */
    	
    	// 1. "//products/*"	products的所有子节点(元素节点)
    	@Test public void testWildcard_1() throws Exception {
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "//products/*";
    		
    		List<Element> nodeList = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		
    		for (Element element : nodeList) {
    			System.out.println(element.attributeValue("name"));
    		}
    	}
    	
    	// 2. "//*"	所有元素节点
    	@Test public void testWildcard_2() throws Exception {
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "//*";
    		
    		List<Element> nodeList = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		
    		for (Element element : nodeList) {
    			System.out.println(element.getName());
    		}
    	}
    	
    	// 3. "//product[@*]"	带有属性的<product>节点
    	@Test public void testWildcard_3() throws Exception {
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "//product[@*]";
    		
    		List<Element> nodeList = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		
    		for (Element element : nodeList) {
    			System.out.println(element.getName());
    		}
    	}
    	
    	// 4. "//products/node()"	<products>所有节点(元素节点,文本节点)
    	@Test public void testWildcard_4() throws Exception {
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "//products/node()";
    		
    		List<Node> nodeList = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		
    		for (Node node : nodeList) {
    			short nodeType = node.getNodeType();
    			switch (nodeType) {
    				case Node.ELEMENT_NODE:
    					System.out.println("<" + node.getName() + ">");
    					break;
    				case Node.ATTRIBUTE_NODE:
    					System.out.println(node.getName() + "=" + node.getText());
    					break;
    				case Node.TEXT_NODE:
    					System.out.println("[" + node.getText() + "]");
    					break;
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	
    	/** ---------------------------------- *\
    				|  路径 连接, 求多个路径的并集
    	\*  ---------------------------------- */	
    	
    	@Test public void testPathUnion() throws Exception {
    		Document document = getDocument( URL );
    		
    		String xpathExpression = "//product[@name='Java']  |  //user[@ID='user_3']";
    		
    		List<Element> nodeList = document.selectNodes(xpathExpression);
    		
    		for (Element element : nodeList) {
    			String nodeName = element.getName();
    			System.out.print("<" + nodeName);
    			for (Object attr : element.attributes()) {
    				Attribute attribute = (Attribute) attr;
    				String attributeName = attribute.getName();
    				String attributeValue = attribute.getValue();
    				
    				System.out.print(" " + attributeName + "=\"" + attributeValue + "\"");
    			}
    			System.out.println(">");
    		}
    			
    	}
    	
    }

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <configuration>
            
    	<users>
    	
    		<user ID="user_1" loginName="zhangsan" password="123"/>
    		
    		<user ID="user_2" loginName="lisi" password="123">
    			<role name="admin"/>
    			<role name="programmer"/>
    		</user>
    		
    		<user ID="user_3" loginName="zhangsan" password="123"/>
    		
    	</users>
    	
    	<products>
    		<product name="Java" price="99.99"/>
    		<product name="JavaScript" price="77.99"/>
    		<product name="C" price="66.99"/>
    		<product name="C++" price="55.99"/>
    		<product name="C#" price="44.99"/>
    		<product/>
    	</products>
        
    </configuration>

[Center]: /images/20220810/380e74130ee74c78bfca295dbb6c5e8d.png
[dom4j_xpath_junitTest.zip]: http://download.csdn.net/detail/wuqinfei_cs/8152109