11.12 学习内容

你的名字 2022-08-13 19:50 134阅读 0赞

# (https://www.imququ.com/post/four-ways-to-post-data-in-http.html) #

# 四种常见的 POST 提交数据方式 #

发表于  [2013-08-21][]

[HTTP/1.1 协议][HTTP_1.1]规定的 HTTP 请求方法有 OPTIONS、GET、HEAD、POST、PUT、DELETE、TRACE、CONNECT 这几种。其中 POST 一般用来向服务端提交数据，本文主要讨论 POST 提交数据的几种方式。

我们知道，HTTP 协议是以 ASCII 码传输，建立在 TCP/IP 协议之上的应用层规范。规范把 HTTP 请求分为三个部分：状态行、请求头、消息主体。类似于下面这样：

协议规定 POST 提交的数据必须放在消息主体（entity-body）中，但协议并没有规定数据必须使用什么编码方式。实际上，开发者完全可以自己决定消息主体的格式，只要最后发送的 HTTP 请求满足上面的格式就可以。

但是，数据发送出去，还要服务端解析成功才有意义。一般服务端语言如 php、python 等，以及它们的 framework，都内置了自动解析常见数据格式的功能。服务端通常是根据请求头（headers）中的 Content-Type 字段来获知请求中的消息主体是用何种方式编码，再对主体进行解析。所以说到 POST 提交数据方案，包含了 Content-Type 和消息主体编码方式两部分。下面就正式开始介绍它们。

### application/x-www-form-urlencoded ###

这应该是最常见的 POST 提交数据的方式了。浏览器的原生 form 表单，如果不设置 enctype 属性，那么最终就会以 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 方式提交数据。请求类似于下面这样（无关的请求头在本文中都省略掉了）：

首先，Content-Type 被指定为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded；其次，提交的数据按照 key1=val1&key2=val2 的方式进行编码，key 和 val 都进行了 URL 转码。大部分服务端语言都对这种方式有很好的支持。例如 PHP 中，$\_POST\['title'\] 可以获取到 title 的值，$\_POST\['sub'\] 可以得到 sub 数组。

很多时候，我们用 Ajax 提交数据时，也是使用这种方式。例如 [JQuery][] 和 [QWrap][] 的 Ajax，Content-Type 默认值都是「application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8」。

### multipart/form-data ###

这又是一个常见的 POST 数据提交的方式。我们使用表单上传文件时，必须让 form 的 enctyped 等于这个值。直接来看一个请求示例：

<table style="border:0px; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; width:610px; bottom:auto; float:none; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size:14px; height:auto; left:auto; line-height:21px; outline:0px; overflow:visible; padding:0px; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; vertical-align:baseline; margin:0px!important"> 
 <tbody style="border:0px; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; outline:0px; overflow:visible; padding:0px; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; vertical-align:baseline; width:auto; margin:0px!important"> 
  <tr style="border:0px; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; outline:0px; overflow:visible; padding:0px; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; vertical-align:baseline; width:auto; margin:0px!important"> 
   <td style="border:0px; padding:0px; bottom:auto; float:none; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size:14px; height:auto; left:auto; outline:0px; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; vertical-align:baseline; width:610px; margin:0px!important"> 
    <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:5px 10px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:relative; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important"> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">POST http:</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">//www</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">.example.com HTTP</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">/1</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">.1</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">Content-Type:multipart</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">/form-data</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">------WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">Content-Disposition: form-data; name=</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; color:blue; margin:0px!important">"text"</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">title</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">------WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">Content-Disposition: form-data; name=</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; color:blue; margin:0px!important">"file"</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">; filename=</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; color:blue; margin:0px!important">"chrome.png"</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">Content-Type: image</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">/png</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">PNG ... content of chrome.png ...</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">------WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA--</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

这个例子稍微复杂点。首先生成了一个 boundary 用于分割不同的字段，为了避免与正文内容重复，boundary 很长很复杂。然后 Content-Type 里指明了数据是以 mutipart/form-data 来编码，本次请求的 boundary 是什么内容。消息主体里按照字段个数又分为多个结构类似的部分，每部分都是以 --boundary 开始，紧接着内容描述信息，然后是回车，最后是字段具体内容（文本或二进制）。如果传输的是文件，还要包含文件名和文件类型信息。消息主体最后以 --boundary-- 标示结束。关于 mutipart/form-data 的详细定义，请前往 [rfc1867][] 查看。

这种方式一般用来上传文件，各大服务端语言对它也有着良好的支持。

上面提到的这两种 POST 数据的方式，都是浏览器原生支持的，而且现阶段原生 form 表单也[只支持这两种方式][Link 1]。但是随着越来越多的 Web 站点，尤其是 WebApp，全部使用 Ajax 进行数据交互之后，我们完全可以定义新的数据提交方式，给开发带来更多便利。

### application/json ###

application/json 这个 Content-Type 作为响应头大家肯定不陌生。实际上，现在越来越多的人把它作为请求头，用来告诉服务端消息主体是序列化后的 JSON 字符串。由于 JSON 规范的流行，除了低版本 IE 之外的各大浏览器都原生支持 JSON.stringify，服务端语言也都有处理 JSON 的函数，使用 JSON 不会遇上什么麻烦。

JSON 格式支持比键值对复杂得多的结构化数据，这一点也很有用。记得我几年前做一个项目时，需要提交的数据层次非常深，我就是把数据 JSON 序列化之后来提交的。不过当时我是把 JSON 字符串作为 val，仍然放在键值对里，以 x-www-form-urlencoded 方式提交。

Google 的 [AngularJS][] 中的 Ajax 功能，默认就是提交 JSON 字符串。例如下面这段代码：

最终发送的请求是：

这种方案，可以方便的提交复杂的结构化数据，特别适合 RESTful 的接口。各大抓包工具如 Chrome 自带的开发者工具、Firebug、Fiddler，都会以树形结构展示 JSON 数据，非常友好。但也有些服务端语言还没有支持这种方式，例如 php 就无法通过 $\_POST 对象从上面的请求中获得内容。这时候，需要自己动手处理下：在请求头中 Content-Type 为 application/json 时，从 php://input 里获得原始输入流，再 json\_decode 成对象。一些 php 框架已经开始这么做了。

当然 AngularJS 也可以配置为使用 x-www-form-urlencoded 方式提交数据。如有需要，可以参考[这篇文章][Link 2]。

### text/xml ###

我的博客之前[提到过 XML-RPC][XML-RPC]（XML Remote Procedure Call）。它是一种使用 HTTP 作为传输协议，XML 作为编码方式的远程调用规范。典型的 XML-RPC 请求是这样的：

<table style="border:0px; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; width:610px; bottom:auto; float:none; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size:14px; height:auto; left:auto; line-height:21px; outline:0px; overflow:visible; padding:0px; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; vertical-align:baseline; margin:0px!important"> 
 <tbody style="border:0px; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; outline:0px; overflow:visible; padding:0px; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; vertical-align:baseline; width:auto; margin:0px!important"> 
  <tr style="border:0px; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; outline:0px; overflow:visible; padding:0px; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; vertical-align:baseline; width:auto; margin:0px!important"> 
   <td style="border:0px; padding:0px; bottom:auto; float:none; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size:14px; height:auto; left:auto; outline:0px; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; vertical-align:baseline; width:610px; margin:0px!important"> 
    <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:5px 10px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:relative; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important"> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">POST http:</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">//www</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">.example.com HTTP</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">/1</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">.1</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">Content-Type: text</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">/xml</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&lt;!--?xml version=</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; color:blue; margin:0px!important">"1.0"</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">?--&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&lt;methodcall&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&lt;methodname&gt;examples.getStateName&lt;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">/methodname</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&lt;params&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&lt;param&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&lt;value&gt;&lt;i4&gt;41&lt;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">/i4</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&gt;&lt;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">/value</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code>&nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&lt;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">/params</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; word-break:break-all; word-wrap:break-word; margin:0px!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&lt;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">/methodcall</code> 
      <code style="border:0px; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; bottom:auto; float:none; height:auto; left:auto; overflow:visible; position:static; right:auto; top:auto; width:auto; margin:0px!important">&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

XML-RPC 协议简单、功能够用，各种语言的实现都有。它的使用也很广泛，如 WordPress 的 [XML-RPC Api][]，搜索引擎的 [ping 服务][ping]等等。JavaScript 中，也有[现成的库][Link 3]支持以这种方式进行数据交互，能很好的支持已有的 XML-RPC 服务。不过，我个人觉得 XML 结构还是过于臃肿，一般场景用 JSON 会更灵活方便。

本文链接：[https://www.imququ.com/post/four-ways-to-post-data-in-http.html][2013-08-21]

java  transient关键字可忽略字段序列号

[2013-08-21]: https://www.imququ.com/post/four-ways-to-post-data-in-http.html
[HTTP_1.1]: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt
[JQuery]: http://jquery.com/
[QWrap]: http://www.qwrap.com/
[rfc1867]: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1867.txt
[Link 1]: http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.4
[AngularJS]: http://angularjs.org/
[Link 2]: http://victorblog.com/2012/12/20/make-angularjs-http-service-behave-like-jquery-ajax/
[XML-RPC]: http://www.imququ.com/post/64.html
[XML-RPC Api]: http://codex.wordpress.org/XML-RPC_WordPress_API
[ping]: http://help.baidu.com/question?prod_en=master&class=476&id=1000423
[Link 3]: http://plugins.jquery.com/xmlrpc/