微信公众平台开发（4）-自定义菜单

我不是女神ヾ 2022-08-13 15:57 240阅读 0赞

参考了《微信公众账号开发教程(java).doc》  
文档：http://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki/index.php?title=自定义菜单创建接口  
其实就是以POST方式调用 https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access\_token=ACCESS\_TOKEN，将菜单数据以微信公众平台定义的格式写到输出流中。  
链接中的access\_token从哪儿来？  
参考http://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki/index.php?title=获取access\_token  
  
  
不论是获取access\_token，还是创建菜单，都需要使用https方式调用提供的URL。  
将获取access\_token，创建菜单等动作封装到一个工具类中。

如下：

import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    import java.net.MalformedURLException;
    import java.net.URL;
    import java.security.KeyManagementException;
    import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
    import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
    import java.security.SecureRandom;
    import java.util.Calendar;
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
    import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
    import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
    import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
    
    import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
    
    import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
    import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
    
    import com.company.project.model.menu.AccessToken;
    import com.company.project.model.menu.Menu;
    
    public class WeixinUtil {
    	private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(WeixinUtil.class);
    	public final static String APPID = "****************";
    	public final static String APP_SECRET = "************************";
    	// 获取access_token的接口地址（GET） 限200（次/天）
    	public final static String access_token_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET";
    	// 创建菜单
    	public final static String create_menu_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
    	// 存放：1.token，2：获取token的时间,3.过期时间
    	public final static Map<String,Object> accessTokenMap = new HashMap<String,Object>();
    	/**
    	 * 发起https请求并获取结果
    	 * 
    	 * @param requestUrl 请求地址
    	 * @param requestMethod 请求方式（GET、POST）
    	 * @param outputStr 提交的数据
    	 * @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值)
    	 */
    	public static JSONObject handleRequest(String requestUrl,String requestMethod,String outputStr) {
    		JSONObject jsonObject = null;
    		
    		try {
    			URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
    			HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    			SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");
    			TrustManager[] tm = {new MyX509TrustManager()};
    			ctx.init(null, tm, new SecureRandom());
    			SSLSocketFactory sf = ctx.getSocketFactory();
    			conn.setSSLSocketFactory(sf);
    			conn.setDoInput(true);
    			conn.setDoOutput(true);
    			conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
    			conn.setUseCaches(false);
    			
    			if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)) {
    				conn.connect();
    			}
    			
    			if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(outputStr)) {
    				OutputStream out = conn.getOutputStream();
    				out.write(outputStr.getBytes("utf-8"));
    				out.close();
    			}
    			
    			InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
    			BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in,"utf-8"));
    			StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
    			String line = null;
    			
    			while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
    				buffer.append(line);
    			}
    			
    			in.close();
    			conn.disconnect();
    			
    			jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());
    		} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    			log.error("URL错误！");
    		} catch (IOException e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		} catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    		return jsonObject;
    	}
    	
    	/**
    	 * 获取access_token
    	 *
    	 * @author qincd
    	 * @date Nov 6, 2014 9:56:43 AM
    	 */
    	public static AccessToken getAccessToken(String appid,String appSecret) {
    		AccessToken at = new AccessToken();
    		// 每次获取access_token时，先从accessTokenMap获取，如果过期了就重新从微信获取
    		// 没有过期直接返回
    		// 从微信获取的token的有效期为2个小时
    		if (!accessTokenMap.isEmpty()) {
    			Date getTokenTime = (Date) accessTokenMap.get("getTokenTime");
    			Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
    			c.setTime(getTokenTime);
    			c.add(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 2);
    			
    			getTokenTime = c.getTime();
    			if (getTokenTime.after(new Date())) {
    				log.info("缓存中发现token未过期，直接从缓存中获取access_token");
    				// token未过期，直接从缓存获取返回
    				String token = (String) accessTokenMap.get("token");
    				Integer expire = (Integer) accessTokenMap.get("expire");
    				at.setToken(token);
    				at.setExpiresIn(expire);
    				return at;
    			}
    		}
    		String requestUrl = access_token_url.replace("APPID", appid).replace("APPSECRET", appSecret);
    		
    		JSONObject object = handleRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);
    		String access_token = object.getString("access_token");
    		int expires_in = object.getInt("expires_in");
    		
    		log.info("\naccess_token:" + access_token);
    		log.info("\nexpires_in:" + expires_in);
    		
    		at.setToken(access_token);
    		at.setExpiresIn(expires_in);
    		
    		// 每次获取access_token后，存入accessTokenMap
    		// 下次获取时，如果没有过期直接从accessTokenMap取。
    		accessTokenMap.put("getTokenTime", new Date());
    		accessTokenMap.put("token", access_token);
    		accessTokenMap.put("expire", expires_in);
    		
    		return at;
    	}
    	
    	/**
    	 * 创建菜单
    	 *
    	 * @author qincd
    	 * @date Nov 6, 2014 9:56:36 AM
    	 */
    	public static boolean createMenu(Menu menu,String accessToken) {
    		String requestUrl = create_menu_url.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken);
    		String menuJsonString = JSONObject.fromObject(menu).toString();
    		JSONObject jsonObject = handleRequest(requestUrl, "POST", menuJsonString);
    		String errorCode = jsonObject.getString("errcode");
    		if (!"0".equals(errorCode)) {
    			log.error(String.format("菜单创建失败！errorCode:%d,errorMsg:%s",jsonObject.getInt("errcode"),jsonObject.getString("errmsg")));
    			return false;
    		}
    		
    		log.info("菜单创建成功！");
    		
    		return true;
    	}
    }
    
    public class AccessToken {
    	// 获取到的凭证
    	private String token;
    	// 凭证有效时间，单位：秒
    	private int expiresIn;
    
    	public String getToken() {
    		return token;
    	}
    
    	public void setToken(String token) {
    		this.token = token;
    	}
    
    	public int getExpiresIn() {
    		return expiresIn;
    	}
    
    	public void setExpiresIn(int expiresIn) {
    		this.expiresIn = expiresIn;
    	}
    }

<pre name="code" class="java">import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
    import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
    
    import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
    
    public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager{
    
    	@Override
    	public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1)
    			throws CertificateException {
    		
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1)
    			throws CertificateException {
    		
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
    		return null;
    	}
    
    }

菜单包含一级菜单和二级菜单，菜单类型又包括点击菜单直接跳转到一个链接，或者是点击菜单触发一个事件，在事件处理中自定义逻辑。  
不论是哪种菜单，都包含菜单名字，封装到Button类中。  
对于点击后直接跳转到某个链接的菜单定义为ViewButton。  
对于点击后触发一个事件的菜单定义为CommandButton  
一级菜单可以包含二级菜单，定义为ComplexButton  
对于整个菜单来讲，可以包含多个一级菜单，定义为Menu。  
  
  
各个类的结构如下：

public class Button {
    	private String name;
    
    	/**
    	 * @return the name
    	 */
    	public String getName() {
    		return name;
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * @param name the name to set
    	 */
    	public void setName(String name) {
    		this.name = name;
    	}
    	
    }
    
    public class CommandButton extends Button{
    	private String type;
    	private String key;
    	/**
    	 * @return the type
    	 */
    	public String getType() {
    		return type;
    	}
    	/**
    	 * @param type the type to set
    	 */
    	public void setType(String type) {
    		this.type = type;
    	}
    	/**
    	 * @return the key
    	 */
    	public String getKey() {
    		return key;
    	}
    	/**
    	 * @param key the key to set
    	 */
    	public void setKey(String key) {
    		this.key = key;
    	}
    	
    	
    }
    
    public class ViewButton extends Button {
    	private String type;
    	private String url;
    	/**
    	 * @return the type
    	 */
    	public String getType() {
    		return type;
    	}
    	/**
    	 * @param type the type to set
    	 */
    	public void setType(String type) {
    		this.type = type;
    	}
    	/**
    	 * @return the url
    	 */
    	public String getUrl() {
    		return url;
    	}
    	/**
    	 * @param url the url to set
    	 */
    	public void setUrl(String url) {
    		this.url = url;
    	}
    	
    	
    }
    public class ComplexButton extends Button{
    	private Button[] sub_button;
    
    	/**
    	 * @return the sub_button
    	 */
    	public Button[] getSub_button() {
    		return sub_button;
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * @param sub_button the sub_button to set
    	 */
    	public void setSub_button(Button[] sub_button) {
    		this.sub_button = sub_button;
    	}
    	
    	
    }
    
    public class Menu {
    	private Button[] button;
    
    	/**
    	 * @return the button
    	 */
    	public Button[] getButton() {
    		return button;
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * @param button the button to set
    	 */
    	public void setButton(Button[] button) {
    		this.button = button;
    	}
    	
    	
    }

菜单创建测试代码：

public class WeixinUtilTest {
    
    	/**
    	 *
    	 * @author qincd
    	 * @date Nov 6, 2014 9:57:54 AM
    	 */
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		// 1).获取access_token
    		AccessToken accessToken = WeixinUtil.getAccessToken(WeixinUtil.APPID, WeixinUtil.APP_SECRET);
    		// 2).创建菜单
    		Menu menu = new Menu();
    		
    		// 菜单1
    		ComplexButton cb0 = new ComplexButton();
    		cb0.setName("超值预定");
    		
    		ViewButton cb01 = new ViewButton();
    		cb01.setName("团购订单");
    		cb01.setType("view");
    		cb01.setUrl("http://www.meituan.com");
    		
    		ViewButton cb02 = new ViewButton();
    		cb02.setName("微信团购");
    		cb02.setType("view");
    		cb02.setUrl("http://www.weixin.com");
    		
    		cb0.setSub_button(new ViewButton[]{cb01,cb02});
    		
    		// 菜单2
    		ComplexButton cb1 = new ComplexButton();
    		cb1.setName("我的服务");
    		
    		ViewButton cb11 = new ViewButton();
    		cb11.setName("办登机牌");
    		cb11.setType("view");
    		cb11.setUrl("http://www.meituan.com");
    		
    		ViewButton cb12 = new ViewButton();
    		cb12.setName("航班动态");
    		cb12.setType("view");
    		cb12.setUrl("http://www.meituan.com");
    		
    		ViewButton cb13 = new ViewButton();
    		cb13.setName("里程查询");
    		cb13.setType("view");
    		cb13.setUrl("http://www.meituan.com");
    		
    		cb1.setSub_button(new ViewButton[]{cb11,cb12,cb13});
    		
    		// 菜单3
    		ComplexButton cb2 = new ComplexButton();
    		cb2.setName("我的测试");
    		
    		CommandButton cb21 = new CommandButton();
    		cb21.setName("回复文字");
    		cb21.setType("click");
    		cb21.setKey("reply_words");
    		
    		CommandButton cb22 = new CommandButton();
    		cb22.setName("回复音乐");
    		cb22.setType("click");
    		cb22.setKey("reply_music");
    		
    		CommandButton cb23 = new CommandButton();
    		cb23.setName("回复图文");
    		cb23.setType("click");
    		cb23.setKey("reply_news");
    		
    		CommandButton cb24 = new CommandButton();
    		cb24.setName("回复链接");
    		cb24.setType("click");
    		cb24.setKey("reply_link");
    		
    		cb2.setSub_button(new CommandButton[]{cb21,cb22,cb23,cb24});
    		
    		menu.setButton(new ComplexButton[]{cb0,cb1,cb2});
    		String menuJsonString = JSONObject.fromObject(menu).toString();
    		System.out.println(menuJsonString);
    		WeixinUtil.createMenu(menu, accessToken.getToken());
    	}
    
    }

上面的代码创建了3个一级菜单，每个一级菜单都包含有二级菜单。  
前2个一级菜单都是点击菜单后直接跳转到一个连接，第3个一级菜单点击后触发click事件  
在后来根据菜单的key来处理。  
如下：

@Service
    public class WeixinService {
    	public static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(WeixinService.class);
    	
    	public String processRequest(HttpServletRequest req) {
    		// 解析微信传递的参数
    		String str = null;
    		try {
    			Map<String,String> xmlMap = MessageUtil.parseXml(req);
    			str = "请求处理异常，请稍后再试！";
    			
    			String ToUserName = xmlMap.get("ToUserName");
    			String FromUserName = xmlMap.get("FromUserName");
    			String MsgType = xmlMap.get("MsgType");
    			
    			if (MsgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSAGG_TYPE_TEXT)) {
    				// 用户发送的文本消息
    				String content = xmlMap.get("Content");
    				log.info("用户：[" + FromUserName + "]发送的文本消息：" + content);
    				
    				// 链接
    				if (content.contains("csdn")) {
    					TextMessage tm = new TextMessage();
    					tm.setToUserName(FromUserName);
    					tm.setFromUserName(ToUserName);
    					tm.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSAGG_TYPE_TEXT);
    					tm.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
    					tm.setContent("我的CSDN博客：<a href=\"http://my.csdn.net/qincidong\">我的CSDN博客</a>\n");
    					return MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(tm);
    				}
    				
    				if (content.contains("图文")) {
    					NewsMessage nm = new NewsMessage();
    					nm.setFromUserName(ToUserName);
    					nm.setToUserName(FromUserName);
    					nm.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
    					nm.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSAGG_TYPE_NEWS);
    					List<Articles> articles = new ArrayList<Articles>();
    					Articles e1 = new Articles();
    					e1.setTitle("马云接受外媒专访：中国的五大银行想杀了“我”");
    					e1.setDescription("阿里巴巴集团上市大获成功，《华尔街日报》日前就阿里巴巴集团、支付宝等话题采访了马云，马云也谈到了与苹果Apple Pay建立电子支付联盟的可能性。本文摘编自《华尔街日报》，原文标题：马云谈阿里巴巴将如何帮助美国出口商，虎嗅略有删节。");
    					e1.setPicUrl("http://img1.gtimg.com/finance/pics/hv1/29/53/1739/113092019.jpg");
    					e1.setUrl("http://finance.qq.com/a/20141105/010616.htm?pgv_ref=aio2012&ptlang=2052");
    					
    					Articles e2 = new Articles();
    					e2.setTitle("史上最牛登机牌：姓名竟是微博名 涉事航空公司公开致歉");
    					e2.setDescription("世上最遥远的距离是飞机在等你登机，你却过不了安检。");
    					e2.setPicUrl("http://p9.qhimg.com/dmfd/328_164_100/t011946ff676981792d.png");
    					e2.setUrl("http://www.techweb.com.cn/column/2014-11-05/2093128.shtml");
    					articles.add(e1);
    					articles.add(e2);
    					
    					nm.setArticles(articles);
    					nm.setArticleCount(articles.size());
    					
    					String newsXml = MessageUtil.NewsMessageToXml(nm);
    					log.info("\n"+newsXml);
    					return newsXml;
    				}
    				if (content.contains("音乐")) {
    					MusicMessage mm =  new MusicMessage();
    					mm.setFromUserName(ToUserName);
    					mm.setToUserName(FromUserName);
    					mm.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSAGG_TYPE_MUSIC);
    					mm.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
    					Music music = new Music();
    					music.setTitle("Maid with the Flaxen Hair");
    					music.setDescription("测试音乐");
    					music.setMusicUrl("http://yinyueshiting.baidu.com/data2/music/123297915/1201250291415073661128.mp3?xcode=e2edf18bbe9e452655284217cdb920a7a6a03c85c06f4409");
    					music.setHQMusicUrl("http://yinyueshiting.baidu.com/data2/music/123297915/1201250291415073661128.mp3?xcode=e2edf18bbe9e452655284217cdb920a7a6a03c85c06f4409");
    					mm.setMusic(music);
    					
    					String musicXml = MessageUtil.MusicMessageToXml(mm);
    					log.info("musicXml:\n" + musicXml);
    					return musicXml;
    				}
    				
    				// 响应
    				TextMessage tm = new TextMessage();
    				tm.setToUserName(FromUserName);
    				tm.setFromUserName(ToUserName);
    				tm.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSAGG_TYPE_TEXT);
    				tm.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
    				tm.setContent("你好，你发送的内容是：\n" + content);
    				
    				String xml = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(tm);
    				log.info("xml:" + xml);
    				return xml;
    			}
    			else if (MsgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSAGG_TYPE_EVENT)) {
    				String event = xmlMap.get("Event");
    				if (event.equals(MessageUtil.EVENT_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE)) {
    					// 订阅
    					TextMessage tm = new TextMessage();
    					tm.setToUserName(FromUserName);
    					tm.setFromUserName(ToUserName);
    					tm.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSAGG_TYPE_TEXT);
    					tm.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
    					tm.setContent("你好，欢迎关注[程序员的生活]公众号！[愉快]/呲牙/玫瑰\n目前可以回复文本消息");
    					return MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(tm);
    				}
    				else if (event.equals(MessageUtil.EVENT_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE)) {
    					// 取消订阅
    					log.info("用户【" + FromUserName + "]取消关注了。");
    				}
    				else if (event.equals(MessageUtil.EVENT_TYPE_CLICK)) {
    					String eventKey = xmlMap.get("EventKey");
    					if (eventKey.equals("reply_words")) { // 点击了回复文字菜单
    						TextMessage tm = new TextMessage();
    						tm.setToUserName(FromUserName);
    						tm.setFromUserName(ToUserName);
    						tm.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSAGG_TYPE_TEXT);
    						tm.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
    						tm.setContent("你好，你点击了回复文本菜单：\n" );
    						
    						String xml = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(tm);
    						log.info("xml:" + xml);
    						return xml;
    					}
    					else if (eventKey.equals("reply_music")) { // 点击了回复音乐
    						MusicMessage mm =  new MusicMessage();
    						mm.setFromUserName(ToUserName);
    						mm.setToUserName(FromUserName);
    						mm.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSAGG_TYPE_MUSIC);
    						mm.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
    						Music music = new Music();
    						music.setTitle("Maid with the Flaxen Hair");
    						music.setDescription("测试音乐");
    						music.setMusicUrl("http://yinyueshiting.baidu.com/data2/music/123297915/1201250291415073661128.mp3?xcode=e2edf18bbe9e452655284217cdb920a7a6a03c85c06f4409");
    						music.setHQMusicUrl("http://yinyueshiting.baidu.com/data2/music/123297915/1201250291415073661128.mp3?xcode=e2edf18bbe9e452655284217cdb920a7a6a03c85c06f4409");
    						mm.setMusic(music);
    						
    						String musicXml = MessageUtil.MusicMessageToXml(mm);
    						log.info("musicXml:\n" + musicXml);
    						return musicXml;
    					}
    					else if (eventKey.equals("reply_news")) { // 点击了回复图文
    						NewsMessage nm = new NewsMessage();
    						nm.setFromUserName(ToUserName);
    						nm.setToUserName(FromUserName);
    						nm.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
    						nm.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSAGG_TYPE_NEWS);
    						List<Articles> articles = new ArrayList<Articles>();
    						Articles e1 = new Articles();
    						e1.setTitle("马云接受外媒专访：中国的五大银行想杀了“我”");
    						e1.setDescription("阿里巴巴集团上市大获成功，《华尔街日报》日前就阿里巴巴集团、支付宝等话题采访了马云，马云也谈到了与苹果Apple Pay建立电子支付联盟的可能性。本文摘编自《华尔街日报》，原文标题：马云谈阿里巴巴将如何帮助美国出口商，虎嗅略有删节。");
    						e1.setPicUrl("http://img1.gtimg.com/finance/pics/hv1/29/53/1739/113092019.jpg");
    						e1.setUrl("http://finance.qq.com/a/20141105/010616.htm?pgv_ref=aio2012&ptlang=2052");
    						
    						Articles e2 = new Articles();
    						e2.setTitle("史上最牛登机牌：姓名竟是微博名 涉事航空公司公开致歉");
    						e2.setDescription("世上最遥远的距离是飞机在等你登机，你却过不了安检。");
    						e2.setPicUrl("http://p9.qhimg.com/dmfd/328_164_100/t011946ff676981792d.png");
    						e2.setUrl("http://www.techweb.com.cn/column/2014-11-05/2093128.shtml");
    						articles.add(e1);
    						articles.add(e2);
    						
    						nm.setArticles(articles);
    						nm.setArticleCount(articles.size());
    						
    						String newsXml = MessageUtil.NewsMessageToXml(nm);
    						log.info("\n"+newsXml);
    						return newsXml;				
    					}
    					else if (eventKey.equals("reply_link")) {
    						TextMessage tm = new TextMessage();
    						tm.setToUserName(FromUserName);
    						tm.setFromUserName(ToUserName);
    						tm.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSAGG_TYPE_TEXT);
    						tm.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
    						tm.setContent("我的CSDN博客：<a href=\"http://my.csdn.net/qincidong\">我的CSDN博客</a>\n");
    						return MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(tm);
    					}
    				}
    			}
    		} catch (Exception e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    			log.error("处理微信请求时发生异常：");
    		}
    		
    		return str;
    	}
    	
    }

![SouthEast][]

[SouthEast]: /images/20220810/ad35cc39d56948b985d38c0ad87c8567.png