LINUX系统故障诊断与排除3.3 vmstat 约定不等于承诺〃 2022-08-12 05:58 129阅读 0赞 原贴:http://www.diybl.com/course/6\_system/linux/linuxjq/2007211/16833.html [LINUX系统故障诊断与排除 ][LINUX_] [3.3 vmstat ][3.3_vmstat_] [http://book.csdn.net/][http_book.csdn.net] 2007-4-17 14:30:00 图书导读 # 当前章节:[3.3 vmstat][3.3_vmstat_] # · [2.4 小结][2.4] · [3.1 top][3.1_top] · [3.2 sar][3.2_sar] · [3.4 iostat][3.4_iostat] · [3.5 free][3.5_free] · [3.6 小结][3.6] <table style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <dl> <a href="http://tagegg.csdn.net/b.aspx?action=click&unionuser=22&adid=&tag=&adurl=" rel="nofollow"></a> <dd></dd> <dd> <a href="http://tagegg.csdn.net/b.aspx?action=click&unionuser=22&adid=&tag=&adurl=" rel="nofollow"></a> </dd> <a href="http://tagegg.csdn.net/b.aspx?action=click&unionuser=22&adid=&tag=&adurl=" rel="nofollow"></a> <dd></dd> <dd> <a href="http://tagegg.csdn.net/b.aspx?action=click&unionuser=22&adid=&tag=&adurl=" rel="nofollow"></a> </dd> <a href="http://tagegg.csdn.net/b.aspx?action=click&unionuser=22&adid=&tag=&adurl=" rel="nofollow"></a> <dd></dd> <dd> <a href="http://tagegg.csdn.net/b.aspx?action=click&unionuser=22&adid=&tag=&adurl=" rel="nofollow"></a> </dd> </dl></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> ### 3.3 vmstat ### vmstat命令也是显示Linux性能指标的方法,它报告了许多信息,理解这些信息有一定难度。 输出分为6个类别:进程、内存、交换区、I/O、系统和CPU。与iostat类似,第一个样本是从最近重新启动以来的平均值。以下是一个典型的vmstat输出: ![image151.jpg][] \-m选项使内存字段以兆字节为单位显示。vmstat和许多其他性能命令一样使用取样间隔和计数参数。 进程(procs)信息有两列。r列是可运行进程的数量,b列是阻塞进程的数量。 内存部分有4个报告虚拟内存如何使用的字段。表3-7列出这些字段及其意义。 表3-7 vmstat内存字段 <table style="margin-left: 5.4pt; width: 561px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 178.5pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid;"> <p style="margin: 1.6pt 0cm;">字 段</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 242.15pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.6pt 0cm;">说 明</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 178.5pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.6pt 0cm; text-align: center;">Swpd</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 242.15pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.6pt 0cm 1.6pt 52.5pt;">已用的交换空间数量</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 178.5pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.6pt 0cm; text-align: center;">free</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 242.15pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.6pt -2.5pt 1.6pt 52.5pt;">自由RAM数量</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 178.5pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.6pt 0cm; text-align: center;">buff</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 242.15pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.6pt 0cm 1.6pt 52.5pt;">缓冲使用的RAM数量</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 178.5pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.6pt 0cm; text-align: center;">cache</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 242.15pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.6pt 0cm 1.6pt 52.5pt;">文件系统缓存使用的RAM数量</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> 接下来是交换(swap)指标。交换只是一个古老术语,但是显然不会消失。交换涉及分页读取或写入磁盘的进程所消耗的所有内存。它将显示系统达到的性能指标水平。而Linux所做的是,以小块方式按照需要对磁盘空间进行分页操作。因此,我们可能应该停止说交换到磁盘的内存,并开始说分页到磁盘的内存。对于任何一种方法,表3-8解释了相关字段。 表3-8 vmstat交换字段 <table style="margin-left: 5.4pt; width: 562px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 178.5pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid;"> <p style="margin: 1.8pt 0cm;">字 段</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 242.85pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.8pt 0cm;">说 明</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 178.5pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.8pt 0cm; text-align: center;">si</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 242.85pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.6pt 0cm 1.6pt 52.5pt;">从磁盘分页到内存的数量</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 178.5pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.8pt 0cm; text-align: center;">so</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 242.85pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.6pt 0cm 1.6pt 52.5pt;">从内存分页到磁盘的数量</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> 在交换之后是两个I/O字段。这部分提供了一个简略介绍以帮助确定Linux是否正忙于完成许多磁盘I/O。vmstat只提供两个字段,显示出入磁盘的数据量(参见表3-9)。 表3-9 vmstat io字段 <table style="margin-left: 5.4pt; width: 562px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 178.5pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid;"> <p style="margin: 1.8pt 0cm;">字 段</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 242.85pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.8pt 0cm;">说 明</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 178.5pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.8pt 0cm; text-align: center;">bi</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 242.85pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.6pt 0cm 1.6pt 52.5pt;">从磁盘读入的块</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 178.5pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.8pt 0cm; text-align: center;">bo</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 242.85pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.6pt 0cm 1.6pt 52.5pt;">写入磁盘的块</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> 系统字段提供Linux内核进行进程管理的繁忙程度的摘要。中断和上下文开关参见表3-10。上下文开关指进程移出CPU或者移入CPU。 表3-10 vmstat系统字段 <table style="margin-left: 5.4pt; width: 562px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 179.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid;"> <p style="margin: 1.8pt 0cm;">字 段</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 241.45pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.8pt 0cm;">说 明</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 179.9pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.8pt 0cm; text-align: center;">in</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 241.45pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.6pt 0cm 1.6pt 52.5pt;">系统中断</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 179.9pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.8pt 0cm; text-align: center;">cs</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 241.45pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="margin: 1.6pt 0cm 1.6pt 52.5pt;">进程上下文开关</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> 最后,CPU状态信息用总CPU时间的百分比来表示,如表3-11所示。 表3-11 vmstat cpu字段 <table style="margin-left: 5.4pt; width: 562px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 179.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid;"> <p>字 段</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 241.45pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p>说 明</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 179.9pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="text-align: center;">us</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 241.45pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="text-align: center;">用户模式</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 179.9pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="text-align: center;">sy</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 241.45pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="text-align: center;">内核模式</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 179.9pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="text-align: center;">wa</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 241.45pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="text-align: center;">等待I/O</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 179.9pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="text-align: center;">id</p> </td> <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 241.45pt; border-top-style: none; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;"> <p style="text-align: center;">空闲</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> [上一页][Link 1] [首页][Link 2] [下一页][Link 3] [LINUX_]: http://book.csdn.net/bookfiles/331 [3.3_vmstat_]: http://book.csdn.net/bookfiles/331/10033113259.shtml [http_book.csdn.net]: http://book.csdn.net/ [2.4]: http://book.csdn.net/bookfiles/331/10033113256.shtml [3.1_top]: http://book.csdn.net/bookfiles/331/10033113257.shtml [3.2_sar]: http://book.csdn.net/bookfiles/331/10033113258.shtml [3.4_iostat]: http://book.csdn.net/bookfiles/331/10033113260.shtml [3.5_free]: http://book.csdn.net/bookfiles/331/10033113261.shtml [3.6]: http://book.csdn.net/bookfiles/331/10033113262.shtml [image151.jpg]: http://writeblog.csdn.net/BookFiles/331/img/image151.jpg [Link 1]: http://writeblog.csdn.net/bookfiles/331/10033113258.shtml [Link 2]: http://writeblog.csdn.net/bookfiles/331/index.html [Link 3]: http://writeblog.csdn.net/bookfiles/331/10033113260.shtml
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