python中mock的使用

待我称王封你为后i 2022-08-11 17:58 152阅读 0赞

查了很多资料，很多资料都是把mock跟unittest结合在一起讲的，unittest本身是有一定难度的，其实我们完全可以单独使用mock的。参考文献1中把mock讲的很详细，只要静下心来看，必定收获很多，感谢译者的辛勤付出！参考文献2中有个pdf文档，是最详细的官方文档，大概100页，也很不错，没有深入读了，以后用到了再在这篇博客里更新。

我现在主要是在nose框架下使用的mock，mock主要有name，return\_value,side\_effect,和spec四个函数，其中的意义都看下面的文档吧。

四个主要的assert方法：

assert\_called\_with 是否调用了这个函数

assert\_called\_once\_with 是否只调用了一次这个函数

assert\_has\_calls 查看方法调用的顺序

assert\_any\_calls 是否调用了这个函数，前两个函数只能判断离它们最近的一次调用，这个是全局的。

参见代码：

from mock import Mock, call
    
    class Order(object):
        # instance properties
        _orderItem = "None"
        _orderAmount = 0
        _orderFilled = -1
         
        # Constructor
        def __init__(self, argItem, argAmount):
            print "Order:__init__"
             
            # set the order item
            if (isinstance(argItem, str)):
                if (len(argItem) > 0):
                    self._orderItem = argItem
             
            # set the order amount
            if (argAmount > 0):
                self._orderAmount = argAmount
             
        # Magic methods
        def __repr__(self):
           # assemble the dictionary
            locOrder = {'item':self._orderItem, 'amount':self._orderAmount}
            return repr(locOrder)
         
        # Instance methods
        # attempt to fill the order
        def fill(self, argSrc):
            print "Order:fill_"
             
            try:
                # does the warehouse has the item in stock?
                if (argSrc is not None):
                    if (argSrc.hasInventory(self._orderItem)):
                        # get the item
                        locCount =    argSrc.getInventory(self._orderItem, self._orderAmount)
                     
                        # update the following property
                        self._orderFilled = locCount
                    else:
                        print "Inventory item not available"
                else:
                    print "Warehouse not available"
            except TypeError:
                print "Invalid warehouse"
         
        # check if the order has been filled
        def isFilled(self):
            print "Order:isFilled_"
            return (self._orderAmount == self._orderFilled)
        
    class Warehouse(object):    
        # private properties
        _houseName = None
        _houseList = None
             
        # accessors
        def warehouseName(self):
            return (self._houseName)
         
        def inventory(self):
            return (self._houseList)
         
         
        # -- INVENTORY ACTIONS
        # set up the warehouse
        def setup(self, argName, argList):
            pass
         
        # check for an inventory item
        def hasInventory(self, argItem):
            pass
         
        # retrieve an inventory item
        def getInventory(self, argItem, argCount):
            pass
             
        # add an inventory item
        def addInventory(self, argItem, argCount):
            pass
    
    
     
    class Test_Order(object):
        # preparing to test
        # objective: creating an order
    
        def test_orderCheck(self):
            """Test routine C"""
            # creating a test order
            testOrder = Order("mushrooms", 10)
            print repr(testOrder)
             
            fooSource = Mock(spec = Warehouse)
            fooSource.hasInventory.return_value = True
            fooSource.getInventory.return_value = 0
            # perform the test
            assert fooSource != None
            testOrder.fill(fooSource)
             
            # perform the checks
            assert testOrder.isFilled() == False
            assert testOrder._orderFilled == 0
             
            fooSource.hasInventory.assert_called_once_with("mushrooms")
            print fooSource.mock_calls

参考文献：1.http://www.oschina.net/translate/unit-testing-with-the-python-mock-class

2.https://pypi.python.org/pypi/mock