使用HTTPURLConnection模拟登陆，爬取网页内容

港控/mmm° 2022-08-08 13:59 234阅读 0赞

如果你需要爬取某些网页的内容，但这些网站需要登录，那就需要一些额外的步骤来由程序来完成这些登录并爬取我们需要的网页内容了，任意登录页面都是向服务器发送请求，如果我们能够模拟向服务器发送请求，那么自然登录也就不在话下，通过Fiddler抓取我们需要的一些信息，很轻松的就能模拟出向服务器发送的请求，下面我们可以使用HTTPURLConnection进行模拟登陆并爬取我们需要的网页内容。

import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
    import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
    import java.net.URL;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map.Entry;
    
    public class INotesPost {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    		String surl = "***?login";
    		URL url = new URL(surl);
    		HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    
    		connection.setDoOutput(true);
    		connection.setDoInput(true);
    		connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
    		connection.setUseCaches(false);
    		connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
    		connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)");
    		connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language","zh-CN");
    		connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Encoding","gzip, deflate");
    
    		OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(
    				connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
    		// 其中的memberName和password可通过fiddler来抓取
    		out.write("username=***&password=***"); 
    		out.flush();
    		out.close();
    
    		connection.connect();
    		
    		InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
    
    		StringBuilder retStr = new StringBuilder();
    		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
    		String temp = br.readLine();
    		while (temp != null) {
    			retStr.append(temp);
    			temp = br.readLine();
    		}
    		br.close();
    		in.close();
    
    		System.out.println(retStr);
    		for(Entry<String, List<String>> header: connection.getHeaderFields().entrySet()){
       			System.out.println(header.getKey() +" " + header.getValue());  
      		}
    		
    		
    	}
    }

在模拟登陆的时候，我们其实可以通过Fiddler来抓取网页提交参数，直接将Cookie写到我们的Connection的RequestProperty中去。

Fiddler抓取登录参数

![Center][]

将抓取到的参数直接填充到Connection的RequestProperty属性中去，轻松抓取网页内容。如果我们抓取的页面内容是中文的，注意charset的编码方式，并在读取页面返回的字符流时进行对应的编码：

BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(
    
    		new InputStreamReader(urlStream,"utf-8"));

下面是一段相对完整的代码

String s = "****";
    
    		url = new URL(s);
    		HttpURLConnection resumeConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    
    				
    		resumeConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset","utf-8");
    		resumeConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","text/html;utf-8");
    		resumeConnection.setRequestProperty("Cookie","AttachmentAuth=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");
    		resumeConnection.setRequestProperty("Cookie","PortalAuth=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");
    		resumeConnection.connect();
    
    		InputStream urlStream = resumeConnection.getInputStream();
    
    		BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(
    
    		new InputStreamReader(urlStream,"utf-8"));
    
    		String ss = null;
    		StringBuilder total = new StringBuilder();
    		while ((ss = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
    			total.append(ss);
    		}
    		bufferedReader.close();		
    		resumeConnection.disconnect();
    		
    //		System.out.println(total.toString());

[Center]: /images/20220805/30fba54fcb77448b9f37f6655a8ebaa6.png