iOS手势识别的详细使用(拖动,缩放,旋转,点击,手势依赖,自定义手势)

刺骨的言语ヽ痛彻心扉 2022-08-07 05:55 164阅读 0赞

## 1、UIGestureRecognizer介绍 ##

手势识别在iOS上非常重要，手势操作移动设备的重要特征，极大的增加了移动设备使用便捷性。

iOS系统在3.2以后，为方便开发这使用一些常用的手势，提供了UIGestureRecognizer类。手势识别UIGestureRecognizer类是个抽象类，下面的子类是具体的手势，开发这可以直接使用这些手势识别。

*  [UITapGestureRecognizer][]
 *  [UIPinchGestureRecognizer][]
 *  [UIRotationGestureRecognizer][]
 *  [UISwipeGestureRecognizer][]
 *  [UIPanGestureRecognizer][]
 *  [UILongPressGestureRecognizer][]

上面的手势对应的操作是：

*  Tap（点一下）
 *  Pinch（二指往內或往外拨动，平时经常用到的缩放）
 *  Rotation（旋转）
 *  Swipe（滑动，快速移动）
 *  Pan （拖移，慢速移动）
 *   LongPress（长按）

UIGestureRecognizer的继承关系如下：

![1361893916_7845.png][]

## 2、使用手势的步骤 ##

使用手势很简单，分为两步：

1.  创建手势实例。当创建手势时，指定一个回调方法，当手势开始，改变、或结束时，回调方法被调用。
2.  添加到需要识别的View中。每个手势只对应一个View，当屏幕触摸在View的边界内时，如果手势和预定的一样，那就会回调方法。

ps：一个手势只能对应一个View，但是一个View可以有多个手势。

建议在真机上运行这些手势,模拟器操作不太方便，可能导致你认为手势失效。

## 3、Pan 拖动手势： ##

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  UIImageView \*snakeImageView = \[\[UIImageView alloc\] initWithImage:\[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"\]\]; 
2.  snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160); 
3.  UIPanGestureRecognizer \*panGestureRecognizer = \[\[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc\] 
4.   initWithTarget:self 
5.   action:@selector(handlePan:)\]; 
6.  \[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer\]; 
7.  \[self.view setBackgroundColor:\[UIColor whiteColor\]\]; 
8.  \[self.view addSubview:snakeImageView\];

新建一个ImageView，然后添加手势

回调方法：

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

## 4、Pinch缩放手势 ##

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1. UIPinchGestureRecognizer \*pinchGestureRecognizer = \[\[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc\] 
2. initWithTarget:self 
3. action:@selector(handlePinch:)\];\[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer\];

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \- (**void**) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer\*) recognizer 
2.  \{ 
3.   recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale); 
4.   recognizer.scale = 1; 
5.  \}

## 5、Rotation旋转手势 ##

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  UIRotationGestureRecognizer \*rotateRecognizer = \[\[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc\] 
2.   initWithTarget:self 
3.   action:@selector(handleRotate:)\]; 
4.  \[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer\];

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \- (**void**) handleRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer\*) recognizer 
2.  \{ 
3.   recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation); 
4.   recognizer.rotation = 0; 
5.  \}

![1361953008_9643.png][] ![1361953288_8283.png][]

添加了这几个手势后，运行看效果，程序中的imageView放了一个

/^\\/^\\

\_|\_\_| O|

\\/ /~ \\\_/ \\

\\\_\_\_\_|\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/ \\

\\\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \\

\`\\ \\ \\

| | \\

/ / \\

/ / \\\\

/ / \\ \\

/ / \_----\_ \\ \\

/ / \_-~ ~-\_ | |

( ( \_-~ \_--\_ ~-\_ \_/ |

\\ ~-\_\_\_\_-~ \_-~ ~-\_ ~-\_-~ /

~-\_ \_-~ ~-\_ \_-~

~--\_\_\_\_\_\_-~ ~-\_\_\_-~

的图片，在模拟器上拖动是没问题的。缩放和旋转有点问题，估计是因为在模拟器上的模拟的两个接触点距离在imageView的边界外了，所以操作无效果。

建议在真机上运行这个手势。

在模拟器上缩放和选择的操作技巧：

可以把imageView的frame值设置大一点，按住alt键，按下触摸板(不按下不行)，这样就可以旋转和缩放了。

## 6、添加第二个ImagView并添加手势 ##

记住：一个手势只能添加到一个View，两个View当然要有两个手势的实例了

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \- (**void**)viewDidLoad 
2.  \{ 
3.   \[super viewDidLoad\]; 
4.  
5.   UIImageView \*snakeImageView = \[\[UIImageView alloc\] initWithImage:\[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"\]\]; 
6.   UIImageView \*dragonImageView = \[\[UIImageView alloc\] initWithImage:\[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"\]\]; 
7.   snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160); 
8.   dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160); 
9.   \[self.view addSubview:snakeImageView\]; 
10.  \[self.view addSubview:dragonImageView\]; 
11. 
12. **for** (UIView \*view in self.view.subviews) \{ 
13.  UIPanGestureRecognizer \*panGestureRecognizer = \[\[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc\] 
14.  initWithTarget:self 
15.  action:@selector(handlePan:)\]; 
16. 
17.  UIPinchGestureRecognizer \*pinchGestureRecognizer = \[\[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc\] 
18.  initWithTarget:self 
19.  action:@selector(handlePinch:)\]; 
20. 
21.  UIRotationGestureRecognizer \*rotateRecognizer = \[\[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc\] 
22.  initWithTarget:self 
23.  action:@selector(handleRotate:)\]; 
24. 
25.  \[view addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer\]; 
26.  \[view addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer\]; 
27.  \[view addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer\]; 
28.  \[view setUserInteractionEnabled:YES\]; 
29.  \} 
30.  \[self.view setBackgroundColor:\[UIColor whiteColor\]\]; 
31. \}

多添加了一条龙的view，两个view都能接收上面的三种手势。运行效果如下：

![1361954419_1036.png][]

## 7、拖动(pan手势)速度(以较快的速度拖放后view有滑行的效果) ##

如何实现呢？

1.  监视手势是否结束
2.  监视触摸的速度

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \- (**void**) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer\*) recognizer 
2.  \{ 
3.   CGPoint translation = \[recognizer translationInView:self.view\]; 
4.   recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x, 
5.   recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y); 
6.   \[recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view\]; 
7.  
8.  **if** (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) \{ 
9.  
10.  CGPoint velocity = \[recognizer velocityInView:self.view\]; 
11.  CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x \* velocity.x) + (velocity.y \* velocity.y)); 
12.  CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200; 
13.  NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult); 
14. 
15. **float** slideFactor = 0.1 \* slideMult; // Increase for more of a slide
16.  CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + (velocity.x \* slideFactor), 
17.  recognizer.view.center.y + (velocity.y \* slideFactor)); 
18.  finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width); 
19.  finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height); 
20. 
21.  \[UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor\*2 delay:0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^\{ 
22.  recognizer.view.center = finalPoint; 
23.  \} completion:nil\]; 
24. 
25.  \} 
26.

代码实现解析：

1.  计算速度向量的长度（估计大部分都忘了）这些知识了。
2.  如果速度向量小于200，那就会得到一个小于的小数，那么滑行会很短
3.  基于速度和速度因素计算一个终点
4.  确保终点不会跑出父View的边界
5.  使用UIView动画使view滑动到终点

运行后，快速拖动图像view 放开会看到view还会在原来的方向滑行一段路。

## 8、同时触发两个view的手势 ##

手势之间是互斥的，如果你想同时触发蛇和龙的view，那么需要实现协议

UIGestureRecognizerDelegate，

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1. @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate> 
2. @end

并在协议这个方法里返回YES。

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \-(**BOOL**)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer \*)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer \*)otherGestureRecognizer 
2.  \{ 
3.  **return** YES; 
4.  \}

把self作为代理设置给手势：

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self; 
2.  pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self; 
3.  rotateRecognizer.delegate = self;

这样可以同时拖动或旋转缩放两个view了。

## 9、tap点击手势 ##

这里为了方便看到tap的效果，当点击一下屏幕时，播放一个声音。

为了播放声音，我们加入AVFoundation.framework这个框架。

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \- (AVAudioPlayer \*)loadWav:(NSString \*)filename \{ 
2.   NSURL \* url = \[\[NSBundle mainBundle\] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"\]; 
3.   NSError \* error; 
4.   AVAudioPlayer \* player = \[\[AVAudioPlayer alloc\] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error\]; 
5.  **if** (!player) \{ 
6.   NSLog(@"Error loading %@: %@", url, error.localizedDescription); 
7.   \} **else** \{ 
8.   \[player prepareToPlay\]; 
9.   \} 
10. **return** player; 
11. \}

我会在最后例子代码给出完整代码，添加手势的步骤和前面一样的。

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1. \#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
2. \#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
3. 
4. @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate> 
5. @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer \* chompPlayer; 
6. @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer \* hehePlayer; 
7. 
8. @end

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \- (**void**)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer \*)recognizer \{ 
2.   \[self.chompPlayer play\]; 
3.  \}

运行，点一下某个图，就会播放一个咬东西的声音。

不过这个点击播放声音有点缺陷，就是在慢慢拖动的时候也会播放。这使得两个手势重合了。怎么解决呢？使用手势的：requireGestureRecognizerToFail方法。

## 10、手势的依赖性 ##

在viewDidLoad的循环里添加这段代码：

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[tapRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:panGestureRecognizer\];

意思就是，当如果pan手势失败，就是没发生拖动，才会出发tap手势。这样如果你有轻微的拖动，那就是pan手势发生了。tap的声音就不会发出来了。

## 11、自定义手势 ##

自定义手势继承：UIGestureRecognizer，实现下面的方法：

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  – touchesBegan:withEvent: 
2.  – touchesMoved:withEvent: 
3.  – touchesEnded:withEvent: 
4.  \- touchesCancelled:withEvent:

新建一个类，继承UIGestureRecognizer，代码如下：

.h文件

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1. \#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
2. **typedef****enum** \{ 
3. DirectionUnknown = 0, 
4. DirectionLeft, 
5. DirectionRight 
6. \} Direction; 
7. 
8. @interface HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer 
9. @property (assign) **int** tickleCount; 
10. @property (assign) CGPoint curTickleStart; 
11. @property (assign) Direction lastDirection; 
12. 
13. @end

.m文件

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1. \#import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h"
2. \#import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>
3. \#define REQUIRED\_TICKLES 2
4. \#define MOVE\_AMT\_PER\_TICKLE 25
5. 
6. @implementation HappyGestureRecognizer 
7. 
8. \- (**void**)touchesBegan:(NSSet \*)touches withEvent:(UIEvent \*)event \{ 
9. UITouch \* touch = \[touches anyObject\]; 
10. self.curTickleStart = \[touch locationInView:self.view\]; 
11. \} 
12. 
13. \- (**void**)touchesMoved:(NSSet \*)touches withEvent:(UIEvent \*)event \{ 
14. 
15. // Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart
16. UITouch \* touch = \[touches anyObject\]; 
17. CGPoint ticklePoint = \[touch locationInView:self.view\]; 
18. CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x; 
19. Direction curDirection; 
20. **if** (moveAmt < 0) \{ 
21. curDirection = DirectionLeft; 
22. \} **else** \{ 
23. curDirection = DirectionRight; 
24. \} 
25. **if** (ABS(moveAmt) < MOVE\_AMT\_PER\_TICKLE) **return**; 
26. 
27. // 确认方向改变了
28. **if** (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown || 
29. (self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) || 
30. (self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) \{ 
31. 
32. // 挠痒次数
33. self.tickleCount++; 
34. self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint; 
35. self.lastDirection = curDirection; 
36. 
37. // 一旦挠痒次数超过指定数，设置手势为结束状态
38. // 这样回调函数会被调用。
39. **if** (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED\_TICKLES) \{ 
40. \[self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded\]; 
41. \} 
42. \} 
43. 
44. \} 
45. 
46. \- (**void**)reset \{ 
47. self.tickleCount = 0; 
48. self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero; 
49. self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown; 
50. **if** (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) \{ 
51. \[self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed\]; 
52. \} 
53. \} 
54. 
55. \- (**void**)touchesEnded:(NSSet \*)touches withEvent:(UIEvent \*)event 
56. \{ 
57. \[self reset\]; 
58. \} 
59. 
60. \- (**void**)touchesCancelled:(NSSet \*)touches withEvent:(UIEvent \*)event 
61. \{ 
62. \[self reset\]; 
63. \} 
64. 
65. @end

调用自定义手势和上面一样，回到这样写：

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \- (**void**)handleHappy:(HappyGestureRecognizer \*)recognizer\{ 
2.   \[self.hehePlayer play\]; 
3.  \}

手势成功后播放呵呵笑的声音。  
在真机上运行，按住某个view，快速左右拖动，就会发出笑的声音了。

**代码解析：**

先获取起始坐标： curTickleStart

通过和 ticklePoint的x值对比，得出当前的放下是向左还是向右。再算出移动的x的值是否比 MOVE\_AMT\_PER\_TICKLE距离大，如果太则返回。

再判断是否有三次是不同方向的动作，如果是则手势结束，回调。

参考：http://www.raywenderlich.com/6567/uigesturerecognizer-tutorial-in-ios-5-pinches-pans-and-more

例子代码： [http://download.csdn.net/detail/totogo2010/5094059][http_download.csdn.net_detail_totogo2010_5094059]

容芳志 ([http://blog.csdn.net/totogo2010][http_blog.csdn.net_totogo2010])

本文遵循“[署名-非商业用途-保持一致][-_-]”创作公用协议

[UITapGestureRecognizer]: http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/uikit/reference/UITapGestureRecognizer_Class/Reference/Reference.html#//apple_ref/occ/cl/UITapGestureRecognizer
[UIPinchGestureRecognizer]: http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/uikit/reference/UIPinchGestureRecognizer_Class/Reference/Reference.html#//apple_ref/occ/cl/UIPinchGestureRecognizer
[UIRotationGestureRecognizer]: http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/uikit/reference/UIRotateGestureRecognizer_Class/Reference/Reference.html#//apple_ref/occ/cl/UIRotationGestureRecognizer
[UISwipeGestureRecognizer]: http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/uikit/reference/UISwipeGestureRecognizer_Class/Reference/Reference.html#//apple_ref/occ/cl/UISwipeGestureRecognizer
[UIPanGestureRecognizer]: http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/uikit/reference/UIPanGestureRecognizer_Class/Reference/Reference.html#//apple_ref/occ/cl/UIPanGestureRecognizer
[UILongPressGestureRecognizer]: http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/uikit/reference/UILongPressGestureRecognizer_Class/Reference/Reference.html#//apple_ref/occ/cl/UILongPressGestureRecognizer
[1361893916_7845.png]: https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201302/26/1361893916_7845.png
[view plain]: http://blog.csdn.net/totogo2010/article/details/8615940#
[1361953008_9643.png]: https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201302/27/1361953008_9643.png
[1361953288_8283.png]: https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201302/27/1361953288_8283.png
[1361954419_1036.png]: https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201302/27/1361954419_1036.png
[http_download.csdn.net_detail_totogo2010_5094059]: http://download.csdn.net/detail/totogo2010/5094059
[http_blog.csdn.net_totogo2010]: http://blog.csdn.net/totogo2010
[-_-]: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/cn/