parted创建GPT分区(支持2T以上硬盘)

蔚落 2022-08-06 14:04 247阅读 0赞

介绍2种分区表：

MBR分区表：（MBR含义：主引导记录）  
所支持的最大卷：2T （T; terabytes,1TB=1024GB）  
对分区的设限：最多4个主分区或3个主分区加一个扩展分区。  
  
GPT分区表：（GPT含义：GUID分区表）  
支持最大卷：18EB，（E：exabytes,1EB=1024TB）  
每个磁盘最多支持128个分区

所以如果要大于2TB的卷或分区就必须得用GPT分区表。

Linux下fdisk工具不支持GPT，得使用另一个GNU发布的强大分区工具parted。

fdisk工具用的话，会有下面的警告信息：

***WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.***

***下面是用parted工具对/dev/sda做GPT分区的过程：***

root@node01:/mnt\# **parted /dev/sda**  
GNU Parted 2.3  
Using /dev/sda  
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

(parted) **mklabel gpt**                                                        
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sda will be destroyed and all data on this disk  
will be lost. Do you want to continue?  
Yes/No? **yes**

(parted) **print **                                                             
Model: DELL PERC 6/i Adapter (scsi)  
Disk /dev/sda: 500GB  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B       \#遇到Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B，第一个分区从1049KB起，否则可能4K对不齐  
Partition Table: gpt  
  
Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags

(parted)**mkpart primary 0KB 3000GB**  
Warning: You requested a partition from 0.00B to 3000GB.                     
The closest location we can manage is 17.4kB to 3000GB.  
Is this still acceptable to you?  
Yes/No? **yes**                                                                 
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.  
Ignore/Cancel? **Ignore**

(parted) **print **                                                             
Model: DELL PERC 6/i Adapter (scsi)  
Disk /dev/sda: 3000GB  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B  
Partition Table: gpt  
  
Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name     Flags  
 1      17.4kB  3000GB  3000GB               primary

(parted)**quit **                                                              
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.                             
  
root@node01:/\#**fdisk -l**  
  
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.  
  
  
Disk /dev/sda: 3001 GB, 499558383616 bytes  
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60734 cylinders  
Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x00000000  
  
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System  
/dev/sda1               1       60735   487849983+  ee  GPT  
  
root@node01:/\#**mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1**  
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)  
文件系统标签=  
操作系统:Linux  
块大小=4096 (log=2)  
分块大小=4096 (log=2)  
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks  
30490624 inodes, 121962487 blocks  
6098124 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user  
第一个数据块=0  
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296  
3722 block groups  
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group  
8192 inodes per group  
Superblock backups stored on blocks:   
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,   
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,   
        102400000  
  
正在写入inode表: 完成                              
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成  
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成  
  
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or  
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

root@node01:/\#**mount /dev/sda1 /export/glusterfs01/**

root@node01:/\# **df -h**  
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on  
/dev/mapper/node01-root  
                      6.8G  987M  5.5G  16% /  
none                  7.9G  208K  7.9G   1% /dev  
none                  7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /dev/shm  
none                  7.9G   32K  7.9G   1% /var/run  
none                  7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /var/lock  
/dev/sdb1             228M   21M  196M  10% /boot  
/dev/sda1             2.7t  198M  2.6t   1% /export/glusterfs01

root@node01:/\#**vi /etc/fstab**  
  
\# /etc/fstab: static file system information.  
\#  
\# Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier  
\# for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name  
\# devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).  
\#  
\# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>  
proc            /proc           proc    nodev,noexec,nosuid 0       0  
/dev/mapper/node01-root /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1  
\# /boot was on /dev/sdb1 during installation  
UUID=c21707ff-ba0f-43ee-819a-8e72fa0f8500 /boot           ext2    defaults        0       2  
/dev/mapper/node01-swap\_1 none            swap    sw              0       0  
**/dev/sda1       /export/glusterfs01     ext4    defaults        0       2**

重启就可以自动挂载了！至此完成

创建多个GPT分区方法：

parted /dev/sdb \# 使用parted来对GPT磁盘操作，进入交互式模式  
GNU Parted 1.8.1 Using /dev/sdb Welcome to GNU Parted! Type ‘help’ to view a list of commands.  
(parted) mklabel gpt           \# 将MBR磁盘格式化为GPT  
(parted) print                       \#打印当前分区  
(parted) mkpart primary 0 4.5TB                \# 分一个4.5T的主分区  
(parted) mkpart primary 4.5TB 12TB      \# 分一个7.5T的主分区  
(parted) print                         \#打印当前分区  
(parted) quit 退出  
Information: Don’t forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.  
2.然后格式化成ext4,需要安装包e4fsprogs.x86\_64(yum install e4fsprogs.x86\_64)即可。  
  
\[root@localhost ~\]\# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1  
\[root@localhost ~\]\# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2  
  
3.接着用mount挂载分区  
  
\[root@localhost\]\# mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /bk  
\[root@localhost\]\# mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb2 /mail  
\[root@localhost ~\]\# df -Th  
Filesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on  
/dev/sda6     ext3     39G  9.4G   28G  26% /  
/dev/sda1     ext3    122M   13M  103M  12% /boot  
none         tmpfs   1004M     0 1004M   0% /dev/shm  
/dev/sdb1     ext4    4.1T   194M  3.9T  1% /bk  
/dev/sdb2     ext4    6.8T   179M  6.4T  1% /mail  
  
4.最后修改/etc/fstab，添加如下两行，让其开机自动挂载.  
  
/dev/sdb1       /bk          ext4            defaults,noatime       1 2  
/dev/sdb2      /mail       ext4           defaults,noatime         1 2