创建和配置CDB

比眉伴天荒 2022-08-06 05:12 304阅读 0赞

CDB全称为Container Database，中文翻译为数据库容器

![Image 1][]![Image 1][]CDB组件（Components of a CDB）  
一个CDB数据库容器包含了下面一些组件：  
ROOT组件  
ROOT又叫CDB$ROOT, 存储着ORACLE提供的元数据和Common User,元数据的一个例子是ORACLE提供的PL/SQL包的源代码，Common User 是指在每个容器中都存在的用户。  
SEED组件  
  Seed又叫PDB$SEED,这个是你创建PDBS数据库的模板，你不能在Seed中添加或修改一个对象。一个CDB中有且只能有一个Seed。  
PDBS  
    CDB中可以有一个或多个PDBS，PDBS向后兼容，可以像以前在数据库中那样操作PDBS，这里指大多数常规操作。  
这些组件中的每一个都可以被称为一个容器。因此，ROOT(根)是一个容器，Seed(种子)是一个容器，每个PDB是一个容器。每个容器在CDB中都有一个独一无二的的ID和名称。

如下cdb结构图：

![Center][]

You can easily plug a PDB into a CDB and unplug a PDB from a CDB. When you plug in a PDB, you associate the PDB with a CDB. When you unplug a PDB, you disassociate the PDB from a CDB. An unplugged PDB consists of an XML file that describes the PDB and the PDB's files (such as the data files and wallet file).

You can unplug a PDB from one CDB and plug it into a different CDB without altering your schemas or applications. A PDB can be plugged into only one CDB at a time.

Each PDB has a globally unique identifier (GUID). The PDB GUID is primarily used to generate names for directories that store the PDB's files, including both Oracle Managed Files directories and non-Oracle Managed Files directories.

CDB创建可以通过

1.DBCA工具创建，图形化界面，DBCA也可以静默方式创建

2.通过CREATE DATABASE 语句创建

oracle推荐使用DBCA创建CDB（如下图，创建空的容器数据库不包含pdb）

![Center 1][]

dbca创建完一个不包含pdb的cdb

C:\\Users\\Administrator>set oracle\_sid=cdb1  
C:\\Users\\Administrator>sqlplus "/as sysdba"  
SQL\*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on 星期三 12月 24 14:35:02 2014  
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.  
连接到:  
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production  
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

\--查看pdb信息，只包含pdb$seed  
SQL>   select PDB\_NAME,CON\_UID,pdb\_id,status from dba\_pdbs;

PDB\_NAME                CON\_UID     PDB\_ID STATUS  
\-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------  
PDB$SEED             3720733916          2 NORMAL

SQL>

SQL> select con\_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN\_MODE from v$pdbs;  
  
    CON\_ID       DBID NAME                           OPEN\_MODE  
\---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------  
         2 3720733916 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY

\--查看cdb的信息

SQL> select name,cdb,con\_id,open\_mode from v$database;  
  
NAME      CDB     CON\_ID OPEN\_MODE  
\--------- --- ---------- --------------------  
CDB1      YES          0 READ WRITE

SQL> show con\_name  
  
CON\_NAME  
\------------------------------  
CDB$ROOT  
SQL>

手动创建cdb数据

1.创建目录  
D:\\app\\oracle12c\\admin\\newcdb  
D:\\app\\oracle12c\\admin\\newcdb\\adump  
D:\\app\\oracle12c\\admin\\newcdb\\dpdump  
D:\\app\\oracle12c\\admin\\newcdb\\pfile  
D:\\app\\oracle12c\\admin\\newcdb\\scripts  
D:\\app\\oracle12c\\admin\\newcdb\\xdb\_wallet  
D:\\app\\oracle12c\\oradata\\newcdb  
D:\\app\\oracle12c\\oradata\\newcdb\\pdbseed  
D:\\app\\oracle12c\\fast\_recovery\_area\\newcdb  
     
2.创建密码文件  
C:\\Users\\Administrator>orapwd FILE=D:\\app\\oracle12c\\product\\12.1.0\\dbhome\_1\\data  
base\\PWDnewcdb.ora ENTRIES=30 force=y  
Enter password for SYS:  
C:\\Users\\Administrator>  
  
3.构造初始化参数文件initnewcdb.ora  
\*.audit\_file\_dest='D:\\app\\oracle12c\\admin\\newcdb\\adump'  
\*.audit\_trail='newcdb'  
\*.compatible='12.1.0.2.0'  
\*.control\_files='D:\\app\\oracle12c\\oradata\\newcdb\\control01.ctl','D:\\app\\oracle12c\\fast\_recovery\_area\\newcdb\\control02.ctl'  
\*.db\_block\_size=8192  
\*.db\_domain=''  
\*.db\_name='cdb1'  
\*.db\_recovery\_file\_dest='D:\\app\\oracle12c\\fast\_recovery\_area'  
\*.db\_recovery\_file\_dest\_size=6600m  
\*.diagnostic\_dest='D:\\app\\oracle12c'  
\*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=cdb1XDB)'  
\*.enable\_pluggable\_database=true  
\*.local\_listener='LISTENER\_CDB1'  
\*.memory\_target=763m  
\*.nls\_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'  
\*.nls\_territory='CHINA'  
\*.open\_cursors=300  
\*.processes=300  
\*.remote\_login\_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'  
\*.undo\_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'  
  
4.创建实例（windows下需要）  
C:\\Users\\Administrator>oradim -NEW -SID newcdb  
输入 Oracle 服务用户的口令:  
实例已创建。  
  
C:\\Users\\Administrator>  
  
5.启动到nomount状态  
C:\\Users\\Administrator>set oracle\_sid=newcdb  
C:\\Users\\Administrator>sqlplus "/as sysdba"  
SQL\*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on 星期三 12月 24 15:42:44 2014  
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.  
  
已连接到空闲例程。  
  
SQL> startup nomount pfile='D:\\app\\oracle12c\\product\\12.1.0\\dbhome\_1\\database\\in  
itnewcdb.ora';  
ORACLE 例程已经启动。  
  
  
Total System Global Area  801112064 bytes  
Fixed Size                  3050744 bytes  
Variable Size             624952072 bytes  
Database Buffers          167772160 bytes  
Redo Buffers                5337088 bytes  
SQL>  
  
6.执行 CREATE DATABASE  
  
SQL>  
SQL> CREATE DATABASE newcdb  
  2    USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY Wanagwei123  
  3    USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY Wanagwei123  
  4    LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('D:\\app\\oracle12c\\oradata\\newcdb\\redo01a.log','D:\\app\\or  
acle12c\\oradata\\newcdb\\redo01b.log')  
  5               SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,  
  6            GROUP 2 ('D:\\app\\oracle12c\\oradata\\newcdb\\redo02a.log','D:\\app\\or  
acle12c\\oradata\\newcdb\\redo02b.log')  
  7               SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,  
  8            GROUP 3 ('D:\\app\\oracle12c\\oradata\\newcdb\\redo03a.log','D:\\app\\or  
acle12c\\oradata\\newcdb\\redo03b.log')  
  9               SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512  
 10    MAXLOGHISTORY 1  
 11    MAXLOGFILES 32  
 12    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3  
 13    MAXDATAFILES 1024  
 14    CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8  
 15    NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16  
 16    EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL  
 17    DATAFILE 'D:\\app\\oracle12c\\oradata\\newcdb\\system01.dbf'  
 18      SIZE 700M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED  
 19    SYSAUX DATAFILE 'D:\\app\\oracle12c\\oradata\\newcdb\\sysaux01.dbf'  
 20      SIZE 550M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED  
 21    DEFAULT TABLESPACE deftbs  
 22       DATAFILE 'D:\\app\\oracle12c\\oradata\\newcdb\\deftbs01.dbf'  
 23       SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED  
 24    DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1  
 25       TEMPFILE 'D:\\app\\oracle12c\\oradata\\newcdb\\temp01.dbf'  
 26       SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED  
 27    UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1  
 28       DATAFILE 'D:\\app\\oracle12c\\oradata\\newcdb\\undotbs01.dbf'  
 29       SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED  
 30    ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE  
 31      SEED  
 32      FILE\_NAME\_CONVERT = ('D:\\app\\oracle12c\\oradata\\newcdb\\',  
 33                           'D:\\app\\oracle12c\\oradata\\newcdb\\pdbseed\\')  
 34      SYSTEM DATAFILES SIZE 125M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED  
 35      SYSAUX DATAFILES SIZE 100M  
 36    USER\_DATA TABLESPACE usertbs  
 37      DATAFILE 'D:\\app\\oracle12c\\oradata\\newcdb\\pdbseed\\usertbs01.dbf'  
 38      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;  
  
数据库已创建。  
  
SQL>  
  
7.执行脚本建立数据字典  
In SQL\*Plus, connect to your Oracle Database instance with the SYSDBA administrative privilege:  
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql  
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql  
In SQL\*Plus, connect to your Oracle Database instance as SYSTEM user:  
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

创建完之后查询

SQL>  select name,cdb,con\_id,open\_mode from v$database;  
  
NAME               CDB        CON\_ID OPEN\_MODE  
\------------------ ------ ---------- ----------------------------------------  
NEWCDB             YES             0 READ WRITE  
  
SQL>  
SQL> show pdbs  
  
    CON\_ID CON\_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED  
\---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------  
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO  
SQL>

oracle官方提供的创建步骤：

[Step 1: Specify an Instance Identifier (SID)][Step 1_ Specify an Instance Identifier _SID]

[Step 2: Ensure That the Required Environment Variables Are Set][Step 2_ Ensure That the Required Environment Variables Are Set]

[Step 3: Choose a Database Administrator Authentication Method][Step 3_ Choose a Database Administrator Authentication Method]

[Step 4: Create the Initialization Parameter File][Step 4_ Create the Initialization Parameter File]

[Step 5: (Windows Only) Create an Instance][Step 5_ _Windows Only_ Create an Instance]

[Step 6: Connect to the Instance][Step 6_ Connect to the Instance]

[Step 7: Create a Server Parameter File][Step 7_ Create a Server Parameter File]

[Step 8: Start the Instance][Step 8_ Start the Instance]

[Step 9: Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement][Step 9_ Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement]

[Step 10: Create Additional Tablespaces][Step 10_ Create Additional Tablespaces]

[Step 11: Run Scripts to Build Data Dictionary Views][Step 11_ Run Scripts to Build Data Dictionary Views]

[Step 12: (Optional) Run Scripts to Install Additional Options][Step 12_ _Optional_ Run Scripts to Install Additional Options]

[Step 13: Back Up the Database.][Step 13_ Back Up the Database.]

[Step 14: (Optional) Enable Automatic Instance Startup][Step 14_ _Optional_ Enable Automatic Instance Startup]

[Image 1]: 
[Center]: /images/20220806/837c3f3e57a1418ab17fd87a49ded932.png
[Center 1]: /images/20220806/550817243c204239afe8ee1f594892b7.png
[Step 1_ Specify an Instance Identifier _SID]: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/create.htm#i1008816
[Step 2_ Ensure That the Required Environment Variables Are Set]: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/create.htm#CIAHEAEE
[Step 3_ Choose a Database Administrator Authentication Method]: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/create.htm#i1008823
[Step 4_ Create the Initialization Parameter File]: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/create.htm#CIACJGDI
[Step 5_ _Windows Only_ Create an Instance]: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/create.htm#CIAEBAFH
[Step 6_ Connect to the Instance]: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/create.htm#i1008957
[Step 7_ Create a Server Parameter File]: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/create.htm#i1016637
[Step 8_ Start the Instance]: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/create.htm#i1008962
[Step 9_ Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement]: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/create.htm#i1008985
[Step 10_ Create Additional Tablespaces]: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/create.htm#i1009102
[Step 11_ Run Scripts to Build Data Dictionary Views]: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/create.htm#i1009122
[Step 12_ _Optional_ Run Scripts to Install Additional Options]: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/create.htm#i1009152
[Step 13_ Back Up the Database.]: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/create.htm#i1009175
[Step 14_ _Optional_ Enable Automatic Instance Startup]: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/create.htm#CIAGICGI