Cobbler批量安装操作系统

客官°小女子只卖身不卖艺 2022-08-06 01:07 243阅读 0赞

Cobbler介绍

Cobbler是一个快速网络安装linux的服务，而且在经过调整也可以支持网络安装windows。该工具使用python开发，小巧轻便（才15k行代码），使用简单的命令即可完成PXE网络安装环境的配置，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS，以及yum包镜像。

一、安装和修改cobbler配置

1. Cobbler不在CentOS的基本源中，需要导入EPEL源升级软件包,

<table style="padding:0px; margin:0px auto 10px; font-size:12px; border-collapse:collapse"> 
 <tbody style="padding:0px!important; margin:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important"> 
  <tr style="padding:0px!important; margin:0px!important; font-size:1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:inherit!important"> 
   <td style="padding:0px!important; margin:0px!important; font-size:1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important"> 
    <div style="word-wrap:normal; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; margin:0px!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; white-space:pre!important">
      1 
    </div> </td> 
   <td style="height:26px; width:690px; padding:0px!important; margin:0px!important; font-size:1em!important; line-height:1.1em!important; float:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:inherit!important"> 
    <div style="padding:0px!important; margin:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important"> 
     <div style="white-space:nowrap; padding:0px 1em!important; margin:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important"> 
      <code style="padding:0px!important; margin:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important">#&nbsp;rpm&nbsp;-Uvh&nbsp;http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rp</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

安装完运行yum报错：

Error: Cannot retrieve metalink for repository: epel. Please verify its path and try again

解决方法

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

编辑\[epel\]下的baseurl前的\#号去掉，mirrorlist前添加\#号。正确配置如下：

\[epel\]  
  
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch  
  
baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch  
  
\#mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch  
  
failovermethod=priority  
  
enabled=1  
  
gpgcheck=1  
  
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

再运行

2. yum安装cobbler包  
  
\# yum -y install cobbler  httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp

3. 开启cobbler服务，重启Apache服务，设置各个服务开机自启动

\# service httpd start  
  
\# service cobblerd start  
  
\# service xinetd start  
  
\# /sbin/chkconfig httpd on  
  
\# /sbin/chkconfig dhcpd on  
  
\# /sbin/chkconfig xinetd on  
  
\# /sbin/chkconfig tftp on  
  
\# /sbin/chkconfig cobblerd on

4. 关闭SELinux和防火墙  
  
\# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux  
  
SELINUX=enforcing更改为SELINUX=disabled  
  
重启系统

5. 修改cobbler配置  
  
\# vi /etc/cobbler/setting  
  
'next\_server: 127.0.0.1' 替换本机IP地址 （DHCP服务地址）  
  
'server: 127.0.0.1' 替换本机IP地址（cobbler服务地址）  
  
'manage\_dhcp: 0' 替换为 1（cobbler管理dhcp，后面用于同步更新配置信息\[cobbler sync\]）  
  
'manage\_rsync: 0' 替换为 1 （cobbler管理rsync功能）

6. 加载部分缺失的网络boot-loaders  
  
\# cobbler get-loaders

7. 启动tftp和rsync服务  
  
\# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp  
  
修改成：disable=no  
  
\# vi /etc/xinetd.d/rsync  
  
修改成：disable=no

8. 修改DHCP模板，确保DHCP分配的地址和Cobbler在同一网段  
  
\# cat /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

ddns-update-style interim;

allow booting;  
  
allow bootp;

ignore client-updates;  
  
set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier;

option pxe-system-type code 93 = unsigned integer 16;

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 \{  
  
option routers 192.168.1.1;  
  
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;  
  
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;  
  
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.254;  
  
default-lease-time 21600;  
  
max-lease-time 43200;  
  
filename "/pxelinux.0";  
  
next-server $next\_server;

9. 修改cobbler的默认密码  
  
用 openssl 生成一串密码后加入到 cobbler 的配置文件（/etc/cobbler/settings）里，替换 default\_password\_crypted 字段：  
  
\# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' '1234567'  
  
$1$random-p$/pL7QZ2d5UVH9GzhJ2lYT1

\# vi /etc/cobbler/settings

default\_password\_crypted: "$1$random-p$/pL7QZ2d5UVH9GzhJ2lYT1"

注意：这里保存的密码，将会用于批量部署机器中，root账户的登录密码。

10. 安装cman启动电源管理功能  
  
\# yum install cman

11. 检查cobbler安装环境  
  
\# cobbler check  
  
\# cobbler sync

二、导入ISO文件

1. 挂载ISO镜像到/meida 目录

\#mount /dev/cdrom  /media/

2从iso中导入客户端的OS。这将自动设置了“x86\_64”，并将其命名为Centos6.2

\#cobbler import --path=/media --name=centos6.2--arch=x86\_64

这需要一点时间，不要急。可查看/var/www/cobbler/ks\_mirror/centos6.2-x86\_64/目录文件生成情况

\# cobbler sync  
  
\# cobbler list

distros:  
  
centos6.2-x86\_64

profiles:  
  
centos6.2-x86\_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:

三、部署测试  
  
创建一台虚拟机测试一下，把虚拟机设置成网络 PXE 启动如果所示

[![wKiom1SFA-jw0vACAACfDckBGH8090.jpg][]][wKiom1SFA-jw0vACAACfDckBGH8090.jpg]

报错并退出，下面进入启动界面如图，选择画红线部分，进行安装

[![wKioL1SFBO3gB6yOAAC-g49pTGk660.jpg][]][wKioL1SFBO3gB6yOAAC-g49pTGk660.jpg]

安装过程中的截图

[![wKiom1SFBG2AeLLXAAEYZJWXgCk865.jpg][]][wKiom1SFBG2AeLLXAAEYZJWXgCk865.jpg]

如下图所示系统已经安装完成，一共安装了388个包等待重启。

[![wKioL1SFBRLSKhzqAAGClxPM-PQ900.jpg][]][wKioL1SFBRLSKhzqAAGClxPM-PQ900.jpg]

至此，最简单的无人安装操作系统已经完成，

后续会更新，根据kickstart文件对安装系统服务器做定制

[![041405283617635.gif][]][041405283617635.gif 1]

[wKiom1SFA-jw0vACAACfDckBGH8090.jpg]: /images/20220806/09430598a53b41ddb4c5dae25133a7cc.png
[wKioL1SFBO3gB6yOAAC-g49pTGk660.jpg]: /images/20220806/5733eca9a16d473599b11abf8642069e.png
[wKiom1SFBG2AeLLXAAEYZJWXgCk865.jpg]: /images/20220806/a84f10c17132433fa6886a3e9aca2607.png
[wKioL1SFBRLSKhzqAAGClxPM-PQ900.jpg]: /images/20220806/20505e1bc4064c35a5486b9eac2dd335.png
[041405283617635.gif]: /images/20220806/395cc9fecf3445108e3e76d39038b362.png
[041405283617635.gif 1]: http://www.itmmd.com/boke.html