python setuptools安装与psutil模块测试

ゝ一纸荒年。 2022-08-04 12:40 309阅读 0赞



  1.      Python本身自带了一套工具distutils ，用于发布 Python 应用程序。但 distutils 没有提供定义其它依赖包的功能，setuptools 的真正优点并不在于实现distutils 所能实现的功能——尽管它的确增强了distutils的功能并简化了setup.py 脚本中的内容。setuptools 最大的优势是它在包管理能力方面的增强。它可以使用一种更加透明的方法来查找、下载并安装依赖包；并可以在一个包的多个版本中自由进行切换，这些版本都安装在同一个系统上；也可以声明对某个包的特定版本的需求；还可以只使用一个简单的命令就能更新到某个包的最新版本。  
  2.      简单来说，Python setuptools可以看做是增强版的distutils，用来管理Python的各种包。
  4.      一般在CentOS系统安装完成后，Python编译器就已经会安装好了，对于setuptools工具的安装，可以用ea\_setup.py脚本的方法，自动下载安装包并安装；也可以先下载完整的setuptools安装包，然后再单独安装。

一、以ez_setup.py脚本方式安装setuptools工具

  1.      使用ez\_setup.py脚本的方法比较简单，但要注意服务器要能够联网下载软件包，安装命令为：

# cd /usr/local/src/
# wget —no-check-certificate https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py
# python ez_setup.py —insecure

  1.      安装的过程为：
  3. # wget --no-check-certificate https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py
  4. --2015-08-27 10:43:48--  https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py
  5. Resolving bootstrap.pypa.io... 103.245.222.175
  6. Connecting to bootstrap.pypa.io|103.245.222.175|:443... connected.
  7. WARNING: certificate common name “*.c.ssl.fastly.net” doesn’t match requested host name “bootstrap.pypa.io”.
  8. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
  9. Length: 11432 (11K) [text/x-python]
  10. Saving to: “ez_setup.py”
  12. 100%[===================================================================>] 11,432      --.-K/s   in 0s      
  14. 2015-08-27 10:43:49 (692 MB/s) - “ez_setup.py” saved [11432/11432]
  16. #
  17. # python ez_setup.py --insecure
  18. Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-18.2.zip
  19. Extracting in /tmp/tmpn65Wy1
  20. Now working in /tmp/tmpn65Wy1/setuptools-18.2
  21. Installing Setuptools
  22. running install
  23. running bdist_egg
  24. running egg_info
  25. writing requirements to setuptools.egg-info/requires.txt
  26. writing setuptools.egg-info/PKG-INFO
  27. writing top-level names to setuptools.egg-info/top_level.txt
  28. writing dependency_links to setuptools.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
  29. writing entry points to setuptools.egg-info/entry_points.txt
  30. writing requirements to setuptools.egg-info/requires.txt
  31. writing setuptools.egg-info/PKG-INFO
  32. writing top-level names to setuptools.egg-info/top_level.txt
  33. writing dependency_links to setuptools.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
  34. writing entry points to setuptools.egg-info/entry_points.txt
  35. reading manifest file 'setuptools.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
  36. reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
  37. writing manifest file 'setuptools.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
  38. installing library code to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg
  39. running install_lib
  40. running build_py
  41. creating build
  42. creating build/lib
  43. copying easy_install.py -> build/lib
  44. creating build/lib/setuptools
  45. copying setuptools/py26compat.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  46. copying setuptools/unicode_utils.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  47. copying setuptools/py31compat.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  48. copying setuptools/windows_support.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  49. copying setuptools/package_index.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  50. copying setuptools/archive_util.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  51. copying setuptools/dist.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  52. copying setuptools/py27compat.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  53. copying setuptools/msvc9_support.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  54. copying setuptools/version.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  55. copying setuptools/compat.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  56. copying setuptools/__init__.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  57. copying setuptools/utils.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  58. copying setuptools/sandbox.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  59. copying setuptools/extension.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  60. copying setuptools/lib2to3_ex.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  61. copying setuptools/depends.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  62. copying setuptools/ssl_support.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  63. copying setuptools/site-patch.py -> build/lib/setuptools
  64. creating build/lib/_markerlib
  65. copying _markerlib/markers.py -> build/lib/_markerlib
  66. copying _markerlib/__init__.py -> build/lib/_markerlib
  67. creating build/lib/pkg_resources
  68. copying pkg_resources/__init__.py -> build/lib/pkg_resources
  69. creating build/lib/setuptools/command
  70. copying setuptools/command/bdist_rpm.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  71. copying setuptools/command/develop.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  72. copying setuptools/command/build_ext.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  73. copying setuptools/command/install.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  74. copying setuptools/command/upload_docs.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  75. copying setuptools/command/register.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  76. copying setuptools/command/build_py.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  77. copying setuptools/command/saveopts.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  78. copying setuptools/command/alias.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  79. copying setuptools/command/install_egg_info.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  80. copying setuptools/command/__init__.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  81. copying setuptools/command/test.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  82. copying setuptools/command/easy_install.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  83. copying setuptools/command/rotate.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  84. copying setuptools/command/sdist.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  85. copying setuptools/command/setopt.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  86. copying setuptools/command/egg_info.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  87. copying setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  88. copying setuptools/command/install_scripts.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  89. copying setuptools/command/install_lib.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  90. copying setuptools/command/bdist_wininst.py -> build/lib/setuptools/command
  91. creating build/lib/pkg_resources/_vendor
  92. copying pkg_resources/_vendor/__init__.py -> build/lib/pkg_resources/_vendor
  93. creating build/lib/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging
  94. copying pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py -> build/lib/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging
  95. copying pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py -> build/lib/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging
  96. copying pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py -> build/lib/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging
  97. copying pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/version.py -> build/lib/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging
  98. copying pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py -> build/lib/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging
  99. copying pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_compat.py -> build/lib/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging
  100. copying setuptools/script (dev).tmpl -> build/lib/setuptools
  101. copying setuptools/script.tmpl -> build/lib/setuptools
  102. creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64
  103. creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg
  104. creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  105. copying build/lib/setuptools/py26compat.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  106. creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  107. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/bdist_rpm.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  108. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/develop.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  109. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/build_ext.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  110. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/install.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  111. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/upload_docs.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  112. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/register.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  113. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/build_py.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  114. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/saveopts.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  115. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/alias.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  116. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/install_egg_info.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  117. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/__init__.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  118. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/test.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  119. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/easy_install.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  120. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/rotate.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  121. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/sdist.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  122. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/setopt.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  123. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/egg_info.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  124. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  125. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/install_scripts.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  126. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/install_lib.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  127. copying build/lib/setuptools/command/bdist_wininst.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command
  128. copying build/lib/setuptools/unicode_utils.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  129. copying build/lib/setuptools/py31compat.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  130. copying build/lib/setuptools/windows_support.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  131. copying build/lib/setuptools/script.tmpl -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  132. copying build/lib/setuptools/package_index.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  133. copying build/lib/setuptools/archive_util.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  134. copying build/lib/setuptools/dist.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  135. copying build/lib/setuptools/script (dev).tmpl -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  136. copying build/lib/setuptools/py27compat.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  137. copying build/lib/setuptools/msvc9_support.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  138. copying build/lib/setuptools/version.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  139. copying build/lib/setuptools/compat.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  140. copying build/lib/setuptools/__init__.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  141. copying build/lib/setuptools/utils.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  142. copying build/lib/setuptools/sandbox.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  143. copying build/lib/setuptools/extension.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  144. copying build/lib/setuptools/lib2to3_ex.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  145. copying build/lib/setuptools/depends.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  146. copying build/lib/setuptools/ssl_support.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  147. copying build/lib/setuptools/site-patch.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools
  148. creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/_markerlib
  149. copying build/lib/_markerlib/markers.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/_markerlib
  150. copying build/lib/_markerlib/__init__.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/_markerlib
  151. copying build/lib/easy_install.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg
  152. creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources
  153. copying build/lib/pkg_resources/__init__.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources
  154. creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/_vendor
  155. copying build/lib/pkg_resources/_vendor/__init__.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/_vendor
  156. creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging
  157. copying build/lib/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging
  158. copying build/lib/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging
  159. copying build/lib/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging
  160. copying build/lib/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/version.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging
  161. copying build/lib/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging
  162. copying build/lib/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_compat.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging
  163. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/py26compat.py to py26compat.pyc
  164. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/bdist_rpm.py to bdist_rpm.pyc
  165. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/develop.py to develop.pyc
  166. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/build_ext.py to build_ext.pyc
  167. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/install.py to install.pyc
  168. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/upload_docs.py to upload_docs.pyc
  169. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/register.py to register.pyc
  170. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/build_py.py to build_py.pyc
  171. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/saveopts.py to saveopts.pyc
  172. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/alias.py to alias.pyc
  173. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/install_egg_info.py to install_egg_info.pyc
  174. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/__init__.py to __init__.pyc
  175. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/test.py to test.pyc
  176. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py to easy_install.pyc
  177. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/rotate.py to rotate.pyc
  178. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/sdist.py to sdist.pyc
  179. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/setopt.py to setopt.pyc
  180. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/egg_info.py to egg_info.pyc
  181. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py to bdist_egg.pyc
  182. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/install_scripts.py to install_scripts.pyc
  183. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/install_lib.py to install_lib.pyc
  184. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/bdist_wininst.py to bdist_wininst.pyc
  185. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/unicode_utils.py to unicode_utils.pyc
  186. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/py31compat.py to py31compat.pyc
  187. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/windows_support.py to windows_support.pyc
  188. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/package_index.py to package_index.pyc
  189. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/archive_util.py to archive_util.pyc
  190. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/dist.py to dist.pyc
  191. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/py27compat.py to py27compat.pyc
  192. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/msvc9_support.py to msvc9_support.pyc
  193. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/version.py to version.pyc
  194. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/compat.py to compat.pyc
  195. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/__init__.py to __init__.pyc
  196. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/utils.py to utils.pyc
  197. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/sandbox.py to sandbox.pyc
  198. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/extension.py to extension.pyc
  199. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/lib2to3_ex.py to lib2to3_ex.pyc
  200. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/depends.py to depends.pyc
  201. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/ssl_support.py to ssl_support.pyc
  202. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/site-patch.py to site-patch.pyc
  203. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/_markerlib/markers.py to markers.pyc
  204. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/_markerlib/__init__.py to __init__.pyc
  205. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/easy_install.py to easy_install.pyc
  206. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py to __init__.pyc
  207. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/_vendor/__init__.py to __init__.pyc
  208. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py to _structures.pyc
  209. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py to __about__.pyc
  210. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py to specifiers.pyc
  211. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/version.py to version.pyc
  212. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py to __init__.pyc
  213. byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_compat.py to _compat.pyc
  214. creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
  215. copying setuptools.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
  216. copying setuptools.egg-info/SOURCES.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
  217. copying setuptools.egg-info/dependency_links.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
  218. copying setuptools.egg-info/entry_points.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
  219. copying setuptools.egg-info/requires.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
  220. copying setuptools.egg-info/top_level.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
  221. copying setuptools.egg-info/zip-safe -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
  222. creating dist
  223. creating 'dist/setuptools-18.2-py2.6.egg' and adding 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' to it
  224. removing 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' (and everything under it)
  225. Processing setuptools-18.2-py2.6.egg
  226. Copying setuptools-18.2-py2.6.egg to /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages
  227. Adding setuptools 18.2 to easy-install.pth file
  228. Installing easy_install script to /usr/bin
  229. Installing easy_install-2.6 script to /usr/bin
  231. Installed /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools-18.2-py2.6.egg
  232. Processing dependencies for setuptools==18.2
  233. Finished processing dependencies for setuptools==18.2
  234. #
  240.      使用这种方法安装后，可以看到目录中会自动下载setuptools的软件包，也可以查看easy\_install可用的命令：
  242. # ls -la
  243. total 888
  244. drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Aug 27 11:11 .
  245. drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root   4096 Apr 15 01:16 ..
  246. -rw-r--r--   1 root root  11432 Aug 20 01:00 ez_setup.py
  247. drwxr-xr-x   9 1000 1000   4096 Aug 27 11:18 psutil-2.0.0
  248. -rw-r--r--   1 root root 207168 May 15 01:30 psutil-2.0.0.tar.gz
  249. -rw-r--r--   1 root root 674659 Aug 27 10:45 setuptools-18.2.zip
  250. # which easy_install
  251. /usr/bin/easy_install
  252. # easy_install --help
  254. Global options:
  255.   --verbose (-v)  run verbosely (default)
  256.   --quiet (-q)    run quietly (turns verbosity off)
  257.   --dry-run (-n)  don't actually do anything
  258.   --help (-h)     show detailed help message
  260. Options for 'easy_install' command:
  261.   --prefix                   installation prefix
  262.   --zip-ok (-z)              install package as a zipfile
  263.   --multi-version (-m)       make apps have to require() a version
  264.   --upgrade (-U)             force upgrade (searches PyPI for latest versions)
  265.   --install-dir (-d)         install package to DIR
  266.   --script-dir (-s)          install scripts to DIR
  267.   --exclude-scripts (-x)     Don't install scripts
  268.   --always-copy (-a)         Copy all needed packages to install dir
  269.   --index-url (-i)           base URL of Python Package Index
  270.   --find-links (-f)          additional URL(s) to search for packages
  271.   --build-directory (-b)     download/extract/build in DIR; keep the results
  272.   --optimize (-O)            also compile with optimization: -O1 for "python -
  273.                              O", -O2 for "python -OO", and -O0 to disable
  274.                              [default: -O0]
  275.   --record                   filename in which to record list of installed
  276.                              files
  277.   --always-unzip (-Z)        don't install as a zipfile, no matter what
  278.   --site-dirs (-S)           list of directories where .pth files work
  279.   --editable (-e)            Install specified packages in editable form
  280.   --no-deps (-N)             don't install dependencies
  281.   --allow-hosts (-H)         pattern(s) that hostnames must match
  282.   --local-snapshots-ok (-l)  allow building eggs from local checkouts
  283.   --version                  print version information and exit
  284.   --no-find-links            Don't load find-links defined in packages being
  285.                              installed
  286.   --user                     install in user site-package
  287.                              '/root/.local/lib/python2.6/site-packages'
  289. usage: easy_install [options] requirement_or_url ...
  290.    or: easy_install --help

二、easy_install 命令的使用方式与安装举例

  1.      setuptools安装成功后，easy\_install有多种使用方法：
  3.      a、通过模块名称来安装。setuptools会自动搜索PyPI 以查找最新版本的模块。如果找到的话，她会自动下载、编译和安装：例如

easy_install SQLObject

  1.      说明，安装过程可能需要权限，如果是ubuntu的话，可以加上sudo
  3.      b、指定查找页面（"download page"）来使用名称和版本信息来安装或升级一个模块:

easy_install -f http://pythonpaste.org/package_index.html SQLObject

  1.      c、从指定模块下载地址来下载模块源码并在下载成功之后编译安装

easy_install http://example.com/path/to/MyPackage-1.2.3.tgz

  1.      d、在本地已经存在的egg文件基础上来安装模块

easy_install /my_downloads/OtherPackage-3.2.1-py2.3.egg

  1.      e、升级一个已经安装的模块到最新版本，如果在PyPI中这个模块有最新版本。

easy_install —upgrade PyProtocols

  1.      f、从源码中安装模块（源码已经下载并解压到当前文件夹下）(New in 0.5a9)

easy_install .

  1.      g、模块卸载 easy\_install -m package-name （比如easy\_install -m pylab)
  3.      如果想删除通过easy\_install安装的软件包，比如说：MySQL-python，可以执行命令：

easy_install -m MySQL-python

  1.      注：此操作会从easy-install.pth文件里把MySQL-python的相关信息抹去，剩下的egg文件，你可以手动删除。  
  2.      上面这些具体细节可以参考easy install的官方网站：[http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall][http_peak.telecommunity.com_DevCenter_EasyInstall]
  5.      例如，用第一种方法安装SQLObject模块：
  7. # easy_install -f http://pythonpaste.org/package_index.html SQLObject
  8. Searching for SQLObject
  9. Reading http://pythonpaste.org/package_index.html
  10. Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/SQLObject/
  11. Best match: SQLObject 3.0.0a1.dev20150327
  12. Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.6/S/SQLObject/SQLObject-3.0.0a1dev_20150327-py2.6.egg#md5=de05545626c8c4179ebb787fb2b0cf96
  13. Processing SQLObject-3.0.0a1dev_20150327-py2.6.egg
  14. creating /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/SQLObject-3.0.0a1dev_20150327-py2.6.egg
  15. Extracting SQLObject-3.0.0a1dev_20150327-py2.6.egg to /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages
  16. Adding SQLObject 3.0.0a1.dev20150327 to easy-install.pth file
  17. Installing sqlobject-admin script to /usr/bin
  18. Installing sqlobject-convertOldURI script to /usr/bin
  20. Installed /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/SQLObject-3.0.0a1dev_20150327-py2.6.egg
  21. Processing dependencies for SQLObject
  22. Searching for PyDispatcher>=2.0.4
  23. Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/PyDispatcher/
  24. Best match: PyDispatcher 2.0.5
  25. Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/P/PyDispatcher/PyDispatcher-2.0.5.zip#md5=13bcd5142583a2ca4bae0664c4a235e0
  26. Processing PyDispatcher-2.0.5.zip
  27. Writing /tmp/easy_install-CKT2_x/PyDispatcher-2.0.5/setup.cfg
  28. Running PyDispatcher-2.0.5/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-CKT2_x/PyDispatcher-2.0.5/egg-dist-tmp-wHQRh1
  29. warning: no previously-included files matching '*.bat' found anywhere in distribution
  30. warning: no previously-included files matching './CVS' found anywhere in distribution
  31. warning: no previously-included files matching '.cvsignore' found anywhere in distribution
  32. zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
  33. Moving PyDispatcher-2.0.5-py2.6.egg to /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages
  34. Adding PyDispatcher 2.0.5 to easy-install.pth file
  36. Installed /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/PyDispatcher-2.0.5-py2.6.egg
  37. Searching for FormEncode>=1.1.1
  38. Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/FormEncode/
  39. Best match: FormEncode 1.3.0
  40. Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/F/FormEncode/FormEncode-1.3.0.zip#md5=6df12d60bf3179402f2c2efd1129eb74
  41. Processing FormEncode-1.3.0.zip
  42. Writing /tmp/easy_install-wGGheC/FormEncode-1.3.0/setup.cfg
  43. Running FormEncode-1.3.0/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-wGGheC/FormEncode-1.3.0/egg-dist-tmp-msPx0T
  44. warning: no files found matching '*.py' under directory '.'
  45. warning: no files found matching '*.html' under directory 'docs'
  46. warning: no files found matching '*.py' under directory 'formencode/i18n'
  47. warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory '.'
  48. warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory '.'
  49. warning: no previously-included files matching '*~' found under directory '.'
  50. no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_build'
  51. no previously-included directories found matching '**/.svn'
  52. no previously-included directories found matching '.hg'
  53. no previously-included directories found matching '.git'
  54. creating /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/FormEncode-1.3.0-py2.6.egg
  55. Extracting FormEncode-1.3.0-py2.6.egg to /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages
  56. Adding FormEncode 1.3.0 to easy-install.pth file
  58. Installed /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/FormEncode-1.3.0-py2.6.egg
  59. Finished processing dependencies for SQLObject
  64.      这样 SQLObject模块就安装成功了。

三、以源码方式安装psutil模块
Python中的psutil模块能够获取系统运行进程和使用率，对于系统监控还是比较有意义的。
下面用easy_install以源码方式安装psutil模块：

  1. # cd /usr/local/src
  2. # wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/psutil/psutil-2.0.0.tar.gz --no-check-certificate
  3. # tar -zxvf psutil-2.0.0.tar.gz 
  4. # cd psutil-2.0.0
  5. # pwd
  6. /usr/local/src/psutil-2.0.0
  7. [root@centos01 psutil-2.0.0]# ll
  8. total 128
  9. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root  4096 Aug 27 10:57 build
  10. -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 1000  3547 Mar  9  2014 CREDITS
  11. drwxr-xr-x 5 1000 1000  4096 Mar 10  2014 docs
  12. drwxr-xr-x 2 1000 1000  4096 Mar 10  2014 examples
  13. -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 1000 31828 Mar 10  2014 HISTORY
  14. -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 1000  1584 Mar  4  2014 LICENSE
  15. -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 1000  5797 Mar  4  2014 make.bat
  16. -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 1000  1593 Mar  4  2014 Makefile
  17. -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 1000   308 Mar  4  2014 MANIFEST.in
  18. -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 1000 13281 Mar 10  2014 PKG-INFO
  19. drwxr-xr-x 3 1000 1000  4096 Mar 10  2014 psutil
  20. drwxr-xr-x 2 1000 1000  4096 Mar 10  2014 psutil.egg-info
  21. -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 1000  8740 Mar 10  2014 README
  22. -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 1000    59 Mar 10  2014 setup.cfg
  23. -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 1000  6488 Mar  4  2014 setup.py
  24. drwxr-xr-x 2 1000 1000  4096 Mar 10  2014 test
  25. -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 1000  4970 Mar 10  2014 TODO
  26. [root@centos01 psutil-2.0.0]# 
  27. [root@centos01 psutil-2.0.0]# easy_install .
  28. Processing .
  29. Writing /usr/local/src/psutil-2.0.0/setup.cfg
  30. Running setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /usr/local/src/psutil-2.0.0/egg-dist-tmp-CVh5Pq
  31. warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build'
  32. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:12:20: error: Python.h: No such file or directory
  33. In file included from psutil/_psutil_linux.c:23:
  34. psutil/_psutil_linux.h:11: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
  35. psutil/_psutil_linux.h:12: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
  36. psutil/_psutil_linux.h:13: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
  37. psutil/_psutil_linux.h:14: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
  38. psutil/_psutil_linux.h:18: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
  39. psutil/_psutil_linux.h:19: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
  40. psutil/_psutil_linux.h:20: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
  41. psutil/_psutil_linux.c: In function ‘ioprio_get’:
  42. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:50: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘syscall’
  43. psutil/_psutil_linux.c: At top level:
  44. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:70: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
  45. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:93: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
  46. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:181: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
  47. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:232: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
  48. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:255: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
  49. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:275: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
  50. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:336: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
  51. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:384: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘PsutilMethods’
  52. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:421: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘PyObject’
  53. psutil/_psutil_linux.c: In function ‘init_psutil_linux’:
  54. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:470: error: ‘PyObject’ undeclared (first use in this function)
  55. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:470: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
  56. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:470: error: for each function it appears in.)
  57. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:470: error: ‘module’ undeclared (first use in this function)
  58. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:470: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘Py_InitModule’
  59. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:470: error: ‘PsutilMethods’ undeclared (first use in this function)
  60. error: Setup script exited with error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
  65.      使用easy\_install进行源码安装时，可能会有如下报错：  
  66.      用安装python模块出现error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1 ，明明装了gcc的，怎么会不行呢，然后发觉是failed不是not found，这说明这个错误个gcc没多

大关系，应该是缺少某些功能模块，然后谷歌了一下，先后安装了python-devel,libffi-devel后还是不行，最后发觉要安装openssl-devel才行

  1.      可如下命令行安装：

yum install gcc libffi-devel python-devel openssl-devel

  1.      过程如下：
  3. # yum install gcc libffi-devel python-devel openssl-devel
  4. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
  5. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  6.  * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn
  7.  * extras: mirrors.btte.net
  8.  * updates: mirrors.btte.net
  9. Setting up Install Process
  10. Package gcc-4.4.7-16.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
  11. Package libffi-devel-3.0.5-3.2.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
  12. Package openssl-devel-1.0.1e-42.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
  13. Resolving Dependencies
  14. --> Running transaction check
  15. ---> Package python-devel.x86_64 0:2.6.6-64.el6 will be installed
  16. --> Processing Dependency: python-libs(x86-64) = 2.6.6-64.el6 for package: python-devel-2.6.6-64.el6.x86_64
  17. --> Processing Dependency: python = 2.6.6-64.el6 for package: python-devel-2.6.6-64.el6.x86_64
  18. --> Running transaction check
  19. ---> Package python.x86_64 0:2.6.6-51.el6 will be updated
  20. ---> Package python.x86_64 0:2.6.6-64.el6 will be an update
  21. ---> Package python-libs.x86_64 0:2.6.6-51.el6 will be updated
  22. ---> Package python-libs.x86_64 0:2.6.6-64.el6 will be an update
  23. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  25. Dependencies Resolved
  27. =============================================================================================================
  28.  Package                      Arch                   Version                      Repository            Size
  29. =============================================================================================================
  30. Installing:
  31.  python-devel                 x86_64                 2.6.6-64.el6                 base                 172 k
  32. Updating for dependencies:
  33.  python                       x86_64                 2.6.6-64.el6                 base                  76 k
  34.  python-libs                  x86_64                 2.6.6-64.el6                 base                 5.3 M
  36. Transaction Summary
  37. =============================================================================================================
  38. Install       1 Package(s)
  39. Upgrade       2 Package(s)
  41. Total download size: 5.6 M
  42. Is this ok [y/N]: y
  43. Downloading Packages:
  44. (1/3): python-2.6.6-64.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                 |  76 kB     00:00     
  45. (2/3): python-devel-2.6.6-64.el6.x86_64.rpm                                           | 172 kB     00:00     
  46. (3/3): python-libs-2.6.6-64.el6.x86_64.rpm                                            | 5.3 MB     00:17     
  47. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  48. Total                                                                        317 kB/s | 5.6 MB     00:17     
  49. Running rpm_check_debug
  50. Running Transaction Test
  51. Transaction Test Succeeded
  52. Running Transaction
  53.   Updating   : python-2.6.6-64.el6.x86_64                                                                1/5 
  54.   Updating   : python-libs-2.6.6-64.el6.x86_64                                                           2/5 
  55.   Installing : python-devel-2.6.6-64.el6.x86_64                                                          3/5 
  56.   Cleanup    : python-2.6.6-51.el6.x86_64                                                                4/5 
  57.   Cleanup    : python-libs-2.6.6-51.el6.x86_64                                                           5/5 
  58.   Verifying  : python-devel-2.6.6-64.el6.x86_64                                                          1/5 
  59.   Verifying  : python-libs-2.6.6-64.el6.x86_64                                                           2/5 
  60.   Verifying  : python-2.6.6-64.el6.x86_64                                                                3/5 
  61.   Verifying  : python-libs-2.6.6-51.el6.x86_64                                                           4/5 
  62.   Verifying  : python-2.6.6-51.el6.x86_64                                                                5/5 
  64. Installed:
  65.   python-devel.x86_64 0:2.6.6-64.el6                                                                         
  67. Dependency Updated:
  68.   python.x86_64 0:2.6.6-64.el6                       python-libs.x86_64 0:2.6.6-64.el6                      
  70. Complete!
  73.      再次执行easy\_install 安装命令：
  75. # easy_install .
  76. Processing .
  77. Writing /usr/local/src/psutil-2.0.0/setup.cfg
  78. Running setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /usr/local/src/psutil-2.0.0/egg-dist-tmp-wshhD1
  79. warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build'
  80. psutil/_psutil_linux.c: In function ‘psutil_proc_cpu_affinity_set’:
  81. psutil/_psutil_linux.c:327: warning: suggest explicit braces to avoid ambiguous ‘else’
  82. zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
  83. Moving psutil-2.0.0-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg to /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages
  84. Adding psutil 2.0.0 to easy-install.pth file
  86. Installed /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psutil-2.0.0-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg
  87. Processing dependencies for psutil==2.0.0
  88. Finished processing dependencies for psutil==2.0.0
  93.       psutil模块安装完毕后，可以在Python终端中调用各种命令来获取系统状态：  
  96. # python
  97. Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jul 23 2015, 15:22:56) 
  98. [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-11)] on linux2
  99. Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
  100. >>> import psutil
  101. /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psutil-2.0.0-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg/_psutil_linux.py:3: UserWarning: Module _psutil_linux was already imported from  
  102. /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psutil-2.0.0-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg/_psutil_linux.pyc, but /usr/local/src/psutil-2.0.0 is being added to sys.path
  103. >>> psutil.cpu_times()
  104. scputimes(user=43.100000000000001, nice=0.0, system=36.119999999999997, idle=10653.4, iowait=285.0, irq=1.0600000000000001, softirq=3.1000000000000001,  
  105. steal=0.0, guest=0.0)
  106. >>> psutil.cpu_times().user
  107. 43.130000000000003
  108. >>> psutil.cpu_count()
  109. 4
  110. >>> psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)
  111. 2
  112. >>> mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
  113. >>> mem
  114. svmem(total=1036648448L, available=733806592L, percent=29.199999999999999, used=888340480L, free=148307968L, active=244699136, inactive=500060160,  
  115. buffers=47853568L, cached=537645056)
  116. >>> mem.total
  117. 1036648448L
  118. >>> mem.free
  119. 148307968L
  120. >>> psutil.swap_memory()
  121. sswap(total=2080366592L, used=8192L, free=2080358400L, percent=0.0, sin=0, sout=0)
  122. >>> 
  123. >>> psutil.disk_partition()
  124. Traceback (most recent call last):
  125.   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  126. AttributeError: 'ModuleWrapper' object has no attribute 'disk_partition'
  127. >>> psutil.disk_partitions()
  128. [sdiskpart(device='/dev/mapper/vg_centos01-lv_root', mountpoint='/', fstype='ext4', opts='rw'), sdiskpart(device='/dev/sda1', mountpoint='/boot',  
  129. fstype='ext4', opts='rw')]
  130. >>> 
  131. >>> psutil.disk_usage('/')
  132. sdiskusage(total=18569568256, used=4755951616, free=12870320128, percent=25.600000000000001)
  133. >>> psutil.disk_io_counters()
  134. sdiskio(read_count=37622, write_count=230886, read_bytes=688139264, write_bytes=1625135104, read_time=664928, write_time=22065267)
  135. >>> 
  136. >>> psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True)
  137. {'dm-1': sdiskio(read_count=322, write_count=0, read_bytes=1318912, write_bytes=0, read_time=653, write_time=0), 'sda2': sdiskio(read_count=14739,  
  138. write_count=32509, read_bytes=343094272, write_bytes=812621824, read_time=282044, write_time=1616651), 'dm-0': sdiskio(read_count=21964,  
  139. write_count=198394, read_bytes=341320704, write_bytes=812621824, read_time=382104, write_time=20448581), 'sda1': sdiskio(read_count=597, write_count=7,  
  140. read_bytes=2405376, write_bytes=14336, read_time=127, write_time=93)}
  141. >>> 
  142. >>> psutil.net_io_counters()
  143. snetio(bytes_sent=3186898, bytes_recv=119382022, packets_sent=43509, packets_recv=84308, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)
  144. >>> 
  145. >>> psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True)
  146. {'lo': snetio(bytes_sent=960, bytes_recv=960, packets_sent=16, packets_recv=16, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0), 'eth0': snetio 
  147. (bytes_sent=3192258, bytes_recv=119388892, packets_sent=43535, packets_recv=84361, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)}
  148. >>> 
  149. >>> psutil.users()
  150. [suser(name='root', terminal='tty1', host=':0', started=1440643328.0), suser(name='root', terminal='pts/0', host='localhost', started=1440643328.0),  
  151. suser(name='root', terminal='pts/1', host='192.168.226.1', started=1440643328.0)]
  152. >>> import psutil,datetime
  153. >>> 
  154. >>> psutil.boot_time()
  155. 1440642945.0
  156. >>> 
  157. >>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
  158. '2015-08-27 10:35:45'
  159. >>>

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