Oracle Study之---Oracle IN和NOT IN的使用

川长思鸟来 2022-08-04 11:58 144阅读 0赞

**Oracle Study之---Oracle IN和NOT IN的使用**

**NOT IN 与  IN 的区别:**  
\------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
**not In 相当于 <> all,如果 Not In 后面跟的是子查询的话，子查询中只要包含一个 null 的返回值，则会造成  
整个 Not in 字句返回空值，结果就是查询不会返回任何结果。**

**而 in 相当于  =any 的意思,可以有效处理子查询中返回空值的情况,返回正确的结果。**  
\------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
**NOT IN示例：**

\--该例子想要返回没有下属的职员的姓名，如果子查询中有空值返回的话，则整个查询将没有结果返回

11:20:02 SYS@ test3 >conn scott/tiger
    Connected.
    11:21:18 SCOTT@ test3 >select * from emp;
         EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE                   SAL       COMM     DEPTNO
    ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
          7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00        800                    20
          7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00       1600        300         30
          7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00       1250        500         30
          7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00       2975                    20
          7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00       1250       1400         30
          7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00       2850                    30
          7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00       2450                    10
          7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00       3000                    20
          7839 KING       PRESIDENT            1981-11-17 00:00:00       5000                    10
          7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00       1500          0         30
          7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00       1100                    20
          7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00        950                    30
          7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00       3000                    20
          7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00       1300                    10
    14 rows selected.

11:20:11 SCOTT@ test3 >select empno from emp
    11:20:21   2            where empno NOT IN (select mgr from emp);
    no rows selected

**说明：**  
Null Values in a Subquery  
The SQL statement in the slide attempts to display all the employees who do not have any   
subordinates. Logically, this SQL statement should have returned 12 rows. However, the SQL   
statement does not return any rows. One of the values returned by the inner query is a null value and,   
therefore, the entire query returns no rows

The reason is that all conditions that compare a null value result in a null. So whenever null values   
are likely to be part of the resultsset of a subquery, do not use the NOT INoperator. The NOT IN  
operator is equivalent to <> ALL.  
\---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
**IN的示例：**

Notice that the null value as part of the results set of a subquery is not a problem if you use the IN  
operator. The IN operator is equivalent to =ANY. For example, to display the employees who have   
subordinates(下属), use the following SQL statement:

11:20:42 SCOTT@ test3 >select empno from emp
    11:21:04   2      where empno in  (select mgr from emp);
    
         EMPNO
    ----------
          7566
          7698
          7782
          7788
          7839
          7902
    6 rows selected.

\---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
Alternatively, a WHERE clause can be included in the subquery to display all employees who do not   
have any subordinates:  
\--使用 Not In 的话，要注意除掉子查询中将要返回的空值

11:27:01 SCOTT@ test3 >select empno from emp
    11:27:12   2  where empno NOT IN (select mgr from emp WHERE MGR IS NOT NULL);
    
         EMPNO
    ----------
          7844
          7521
          7654
          7499
          7934
          7369
          7876
          7900
    8 rows selected.