Matlab--二维绘图

约定不等于承诺〃 2022-08-02 19:27 466阅读 0赞

1.**输入的点的输入形式为向量或矩阵**。一个向量代表一条曲线。矩阵的一列可以看成一个向量，所以矩阵代表列数条曲线。  
**实数向量,横坐标是y的索引值，纵坐标是y的值。**  
`如：向量（2，3） 就代表点（1，2）和（2，3）`  
**复数的实部作为横坐标，虚部作为纵坐标。**  
`如复数2+3i 就表示点 （2，3）`

2.**最常用的二维图形绘制函数plot(x,y,s)**  
x，y是大小相同的实数向量或矩阵。x提供横坐标，y提供纵坐标。s是字符串，s用来设置曲线的一些参数，如颜色，标记等。

其他格式

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>plot(x,y)</td> 
   <td align="center">x，y是大小相同的实数向量或矩阵。x提供横坐标，y提供纵坐标。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>plot(x1,y1,s1,x2,y2,s2,…)</td> 
   <td align="center">与plot(x,y,s)相似，只不过可以绘制不同参数设置（如颜色不同）的曲线</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>plot(y)</td> 
   <td align="center">y可以是实数向量，复数向量，矩阵。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

3.**子图的绘制sublpot(m,n,p)**  
**将当前图形窗口分成m\*n个绘图区，在第p个绘图区进行绘图**。  
绘图区的编号按行优先从左到右进行编号。  
其他格式：  
subplot(mnp) 即逗号可以去掉

11.**绘制直线line()**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>line(x,y)</td> 
   <td align="center"><strong>二维</strong> x,y为向量或者矩阵</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>line(x,y,z)</td> 
   <td align="center"><strong>三维</strong> x,y,z为向量或者矩阵</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

12.**极坐标绘图polar(theta,rho,s)**  
theta为弧度，rho为半径，s为曲线的设置参数  
其他格式：polar(theta,rho)

**极坐标与直角坐标的转换**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>[x,y] = pol2cart(theta,rho)</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>[theta,rho]cart2pol(x,y)</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

13.`对数和半对数坐标绘图`

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>semilogx(x,y)</td> 
   <td align="center">x轴为对数坐标</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>semilogy(x,y)</td> 
   <td align="center">y轴为对数坐标</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>loglog(x,y)</td> 
   <td align="center">x,y均采用对数坐标</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

14.双y轴绘图：共用一个x轴，用两个y轴 plotyy(x,y,x,z,s1,s2)  
其他格式plotyy(x,y,x,z)

4.**叠加图的绘制hold**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>hold on</td> 
   <td align="center">启动图形保持功能</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>hold off</td> 
   <td align="center">关闭图形保持功能</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>hold</td> 
   <td align="center">切换</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

5.**设置坐标轴axis**

***设置坐标轴的表示范围axis()***

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax])</td> 
   <td align="center">二维图形</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax zmin zmax])</td> 
   <td align="center">三维图形</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax zmin zmax cmin cmax])`</td> 
   <td align="center">cmin cmax是图形颜色的信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

***设置坐标轴的显示***

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>axis off</strong></td> 
   <td align="center">取消坐标轴的显示</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>axis on</strong></td> 
   <td align="center">恢复坐标的一切设置</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>axis equal</strong></td> 
   <td align="center">横轴和纵轴采用等长刻度</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

***设置坐标轴的标题***

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>xlabel(s)</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ylabel(s)</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

6.**显示网格线grid()**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>grid on</td> 
   <td align="center">显示网格线</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>grid off</td> 
   <td align="center">取消显示网格线</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

7.**边框box()**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>box on</td> 
   <td align="center">添加边框线</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>box off</td> 
   <td align="center">取消边框线</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>box</td> 
   <td align="center">切换</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

8.**图形的缩放zoom**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>zoom(factor)</td> 
   <td align="center">facotr作为缩放因子进行缩放</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>zoom on/off</td> 
   <td align="center">x,y轴同时放大</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>zoom</td> 
   <td align="center">切换</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>zoom out</td> 
   <td align="center">恢复最初坐标轴的设置</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>zoom reset</td> 
   <td align="center">恢复到初始值</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>zoom xon</td> 
   <td align="center">只对x轴进行缩放</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>zoom yon</td> 
   <td align="center">只对y轴进行缩放</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

9.**图形的拖拽pan**

10.**数据光标** **datacursormode** 显示所标所选的图形上某点的坐标值

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>datacursormode on/off</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

15.**设置图形的标题**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>title（s）</td> 
   <td align="center">设置图形的标题</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

16.**texlabel(s)将Matlab的表达式转换为text格式的字符串**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>TeXString = texlabel(f)</td> 
   <td align="center">将Matlab的表达式转换为text格式的字符串</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

17.**添加图例legend()**

18.**显示颜色条 colorbar**

19.**文本框标注**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>text(x,y,s)或text(x,y,z,s)</td> 
   <td align="center">在图形的（x,y）或(x,y,z)加入标注s</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>gtext(‘string’)</td> 
   <td align="center"><strong>交互式</strong>,标注的位置由用户决定</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

20.**获取和标记数据点ginput()**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>[x,y] = ginput(n)</td> 
   <td align="center">获取和标记数据点，n为获取的点的个数</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

21.**函数的绘图**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th align="center">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>一元函数绘图</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>fplot(fun,limits)</td> 
   <td align="center">对函数fun绘图，limits是自变量取值范围。取值点的间隔是采用自适应算法获得的，函数变化越大，间隔越小。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ezplot(fun,[xmin,xmax])</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>二元函数绘图</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ezplot(fun2,[xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax])</td> 
   <td align="center">对二元函数fun进行绘图</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ezpolar(fun,[a,b])</td> 
   <td align="center">极坐标绘图</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>绘制等高线</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ezcontour(fun)</td> 
   <td align="center">绘制fun的等高线</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ezcontourf(fun)</td> 
   <td align="center">绘制fun的等高线，并填充图形</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>contour(z)</td> 
   <td align="center">z为矩阵，绘制矩阵z的等高线</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>contour(x,y,z)</td> 
   <td align="center">在（x,y）处绘制矩阵z的等高线</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>contour(z,n)或contour(x,y,z,n)</td> 
   <td align="center">绘制n条等高线</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>contourf()</td> 
   <td align="center">填充版</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>柱状图bar()</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>竖直方向</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>bar(Y) / bar(x,Y)</td> 
   <td align="center">绘制柱状图</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>bar(x,’stack’)</td> 
   <td align="center">绘制柱状图之和</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>水平方向</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>barh(Y) / barh(X,Y)</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>饼状图pie()</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>pie(x)</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>pie(x,explode)</td> 
   <td align="center">explode是定义那一份要凸出来,以向量的形式，[0,0,1,0]表示第3分要凸出来</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>直方图hist()</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>hist(y)</td> 
   <td align="center">默认10个柱的直方图</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>hist(y,m)</td> 
   <td align="center">m个柱的直方图</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>hist(y,x)</td> 
   <td align="center">x为向量，x中每一维是直方图柱的个数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>面积图</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>area(x,y)</td> 
   <td align="center">相当于plot(x,y)后，将面积进行填充。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>散点图</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>scatter(x,y,s,c)</td> 
   <td align="center">s为散点的大小，c为散点的颜色,fille对散点进行填充</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>plotmatrix()</td> 
   <td align="center">绘制多个散点图</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>误差图</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>errorbar(x,y,e)</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>填充图</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>fill(x,y,c)</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>火柴杆图</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>stem(x,y)</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>阶梯图</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>stairs(x,y)</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>罗盘图</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>compass(u,v)或compass(z)</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>羽毛图</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>feather(u,v)或feather(z)</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>向量场图</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>quiver(x,y,u,v)</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>彗星图</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>comet(x,y,p)</td> 
   <td align="center">p默认为1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>伪彩色绘图</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>pcolor(x,y,c)或pcolor(c)</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>图形句柄</strong></td> 
   <td align="center">图形中最基本，最底层的单元。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>set()</td> 
   <td align="center">设置图形句柄的属性值</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>get()</td> 
   <td align="center">获取图形句柄的属性值</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>gcf()</td> 
   <td align="center">获取图形句柄</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>坐标轴句柄</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>set()</td> 
   <td align="center">设置坐标轴句柄的属性值</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>get()</td> 
   <td align="center">获取坐标轴句柄的属性值</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>gca()</td> 
   <td align="center">获取坐标轴句柄</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>