ios之快速领会自动布局 VFL

深藏阁楼爱情的钟 2022-08-02 02:28 155阅读 0赞

终于发现一个入门ios autolayout的好教程，一个简单的demo，胜过网上无数教程，膜拜！

直接贴代码了

#import "ViewController.h"
    
    @interface ViewController ()
    @property (nonatomic, strong) UIView *redView;
    @property (nonatomic, strong) UIView *yellowView;
    @end
    
    @implementation ViewController
    
    - (void)viewDidLoad
    {
        [super viewDidLoad];
    
        [self setupViews];
    
    
        /* Remove comment from the example that you want to launch */
    
        // Example 1: Simple constraints with visual format language
        [self example_1];
    
        // Example 2: Simple constraints with visual format and multiple views
        //[self example_2];
    
        // Example 3: Simple constraints with visual format and options
        //[self example_3];
    
        // Example 4: Simple constraints with visual format using metrics
        //[self example_4];
    
        // Example 5: Dynamic size
        //[self example_5];
    
        // Example 6: Defining constraints through relations
        //[self example_6];
    
    }
    
    
    /* Initial views setup */
    
    - (void)setupViews
    {
        self.redView = [UIView new];
        self.redView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
        self.redView.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0.95 green:0.47 blue:0.48 alpha:1.0];
    
        self.yellowView = [UIView new];
        self.yellowView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
        self.yellowView.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:1.00 green:0.83 blue:0.58 alpha:1.0];
    
        [self.view addSubview:self.redView];
        [self.view addSubview:self.yellowView];
    
    }
    
    /* Hey Devs... the code in the next functions has to be intended for tutorial purposes only. I have created work-alone examples that contain a lot of code duplication... not a good practice but way easier to explain :P */
    
    
    
    
    /* EXAMPLE 1 */
    
    - (void)example_1
    {
    
        // 1. Create a dictionary of views
        NSDictionary *viewsDictionary = @{@"redView":self.redView};
    
        // 2. Define the redView Size
        NSArray *constraint_H = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:[redView(100)]"
                                                                        options:0
                                                                        metrics:nil
                                                                          views:viewsDictionary];
    
        NSArray *constraint_V = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:[redView(100)]"
                                                                        options:0
                                                                        metrics:nil
                                                                          views:viewsDictionary];
        [self.redView addConstraints:constraint_H];
        [self.redView addConstraints:constraint_V];
    
        // 3. Define the redView Position
        NSArray *constraint_POS_V = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|-30-[redView]"
                                                                            options:0
                                                                            metrics:nil
                                                                              views:viewsDictionary];
    
        NSArray *constraint_POS_H = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-20-[redView]"
                                                                            options:0
                                                                            metrics:nil
                                                                              views:viewsDictionary];
    
        // 3.B ...and try to change the visual format string
        //NSArray *constraint_POS_V = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:[redView]-30-|" options:0 metrics:nil views:viewsDictionary];
        //NSArray *constraint_POS_H = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-[redView]" options:0 metrics:nil views:viewsDictionary];
    
        [self.view addConstraints:constraint_POS_H];
        [self.view addConstraints:constraint_POS_V];
    }
    
    
    
    /* EXAMPLE 2 */
    
    - (void)example_2
    {
    
        // 1. Create a dictionary of views
        NSDictionary *viewsDictionary = @{@"redView":self.redView, @"yellowView":self.yellowView};
    
        // 2. Define the views Sizes
        NSArray *red_constraint_H = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:[redView(100)]"
                                                                            options:0
                                                                            metrics:nil
                                                                              views:viewsDictionary];
        NSArray *red_constraint_V = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:[redView(100)]"
                                                                            options:0
                                                                            metrics:nil
                                                                              views:viewsDictionary];
        [self.redView addConstraints:red_constraint_H];
        [self.redView addConstraints:red_constraint_V];
    
        NSArray *yellow_constraint_H = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:[yellowView(200)]"
                                                                               options:0
                                                                               metrics:nil
                                                                                 views:viewsDictionary];
    
        NSArray *yellow_constraint_V = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:[yellowView(100)]"
                                                                               options:0
                                                                               metrics:nil
                                                                                 views:viewsDictionary];
        [self.yellowView addConstraints:yellow_constraint_H];
        [self.yellowView addConstraints:yellow_constraint_V];
    
        // 3. Define the views Positions
        NSArray *constraint_POS_V = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|-30-[redView]-40-[yellowView]"
                                                                            options:0
                                                                            metrics:nil
                                                                              views:viewsDictionary];
    
        NSArray *constraint_POS_H = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-20-[redView]-10-[yellowView]"
                                                                            options:0
                                                                            metrics:nil
                                                                              views:viewsDictionary];
    
        [self.view addConstraints:constraint_POS_V];
        [self.view addConstraints:constraint_POS_H];
    
    }
    
    
    
    /* EXAMPLE 3 */
    
    - (void)example_3
    {
    
        // 1. Create a dictionary of views
        NSDictionary *viewsDictionary = @{@"redView":self.redView, @"yellowView":self.yellowView};
    
        // 2. Define the views Sizes
        NSArray *red_constraint_H = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:[redView(100)]"
                                                                            options:0
                                                                            metrics:nil
                                                                              views:viewsDictionary];
    
        NSArray *red_constraint_V = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:[redView(100)]"
                                                                            options:0
                                                                            metrics:nil
                                                                              views:viewsDictionary];
        [self.redView addConstraints:red_constraint_H];
        [self.redView addConstraints:red_constraint_V];
    
        NSArray *yellow_constraint_H = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:[yellowView(150)]"
                                                                               options:0
                                                                               metrics:nil
                                                                                 views:viewsDictionary];
    
        NSArray *yellow_constraint_V = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:[yellowView(100)]"
                                                                               options:0
                                                                               metrics:nil
                                                                                 views:viewsDictionary];
        [self.yellowView addConstraints:yellow_constraint_H];
        [self.yellowView addConstraints:yellow_constraint_V];
    
        // 3. Define the views Positions using options
        NSArray *constraint_POS_V = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|-120-[redView]"
                                                                            options:0
                                                                            metrics:nil
                                                                              views:viewsDictionary];
    
        NSArray *constraint_POS = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-20-[redView]-10-[yellowView]"
                                                                          options:NSLayoutFormatAlignAllTop
                                                                          metrics:nil views:viewsDictionary];
    
        [self.view addConstraints:constraint_POS_V];
        [self.view addConstraints:constraint_POS];
    
    }
    
    
    
    /* EXAMPLE 4 */
    
    - (void)example_4
    {
        // 1. Create a dictionary of views and metrics
        NSDictionary *viewsDictionary = @{@"redView":self.redView, @"yellowView":self.yellowView};
        NSDictionary *metrics = @{@"redWidth": @100,
                                  @"redHeight": @100,
                                  @"yellowWidth": @100,
                                  @"yellowHeight": @150,
                                  @"topMargin": @120,
                                  @"leftMargin": @20,
                                  @"viewSpacing":@10
                                  };
    
        // 2. Define the views Sizes
        NSArray *red_constraint_H = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:[redView(redHeight)]"
                                                                            options:0
                                                                            metrics:metrics
                                                                              views:viewsDictionary];
    
        NSArray *red_constraint_V = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:[redView(redWidth)]"
                                                                            options:0
                                                                            metrics:metrics
                                                                              views:viewsDictionary];
        [self.redView addConstraints:red_constraint_H];
        [self.redView addConstraints:red_constraint_V];
    
        NSArray *yellow_constraint_H = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:[yellowView(yellowHeight)]"
                                                                               options:0
                                                                               metrics:metrics
                                                                                 views:viewsDictionary];
    
        NSArray *yellow_constraint_V = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:[yellowView(yellowWidth)]"
                                                                               options:0
                                                                               metrics:metrics
                                                                                 views:viewsDictionary];
    
        [self.yellowView addConstraints:yellow_constraint_H];
        [self.yellowView addConstraints:yellow_constraint_V];
    
        // 3. Define the views Positions
        NSArray *constraint_POS_V = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|-topMargin-[redView]"
                                                                            options:0
                                                                            metrics:metrics
                                                                              views:viewsDictionary];
    
        NSArray *constraint_POS = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-leftMargin-[redView]-viewSpacing-[yellowView]"
                                                                          options:NSLayoutFormatAlignAllTop
                                                                          metrics:metrics
                                                                            views:viewsDictionary];
    
        [self.view addConstraints:constraint_POS_V];
        [self.view addConstraints:constraint_POS];
    }
    
    
    
    /* EXAMPLE 5 */
    
    - (void)example_5
    {
        // 1. Create a dictionary of views and metrics
        NSDictionary *viewsDictionary = @{@"redView":self.redView};
        NSDictionary *metrics = @{@"vSpacing":@30, @"hSpacing":@10};
    
        // 2. Define the view Position and automatically the Size
        NSArray *constraint_POS_V = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|-vSpacing-[redView]-vSpacing-|"
                                                                            options:0
                                                                            metrics:metrics
                                                                              views:viewsDictionary];
    
        NSArray *constraint_POS_H = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-hSpacing-[redView]-hSpacing-|"
                                                                          options:0
                                                                          metrics:metrics
                                                                            views:viewsDictionary];
    
        [self.view addConstraints:constraint_POS_V];
        [self.view addConstraints:constraint_POS_H];
    }
    
    
    
    /* EXAMPLE 6 */
    
    - (void)example_6
    {
        // 1. Create a dictionary of views
        NSDictionary *viewsDictionary = @{@"redView": self.redView, @"yellowView": self.yellowView};
        NSDictionary *metrics = @{@"vSpacing":@30, @"hSpacing":@10};
    
    
        // 2. Define the view Position and automatically the Size (for the redView)
        NSArray *constraint_POS_V = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|-vSpacing-[redView]-vSpacing-|"
                                                                            options:0
                                                                            metrics:metrics
                                                                              views:viewsDictionary];
    
        NSArray *constraint_POS_H = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-hSpacing-[redView]-hSpacing-|"
                                                                            options:0
                                                                            metrics:metrics
                                                                              views:viewsDictionary];
    
        [self.view addConstraints:constraint_POS_V];
        [self.view addConstraints:constraint_POS_H];
    
    
    
        // 3. Define sizes thanks to relations with another view (yellowView in relation with redView)
        [self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint
                                     constraintWithItem:self.yellowView
                                     attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth
                                     relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                     toItem:self.redView
                                     attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth
                                     multiplier:0.5
                                     constant:0.0]];
    
        [self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint
                                     constraintWithItem:self.yellowView
                                     attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
                                     relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                     toItem:self.redView
                                     attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
                                     multiplier:0.5
                                     constant:0.0]];
    
        // 4. Define position thanks to relations with another view (yellowView in relation with redView)
        [self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint
                                        constraintWithItem:self.yellowView
                                        attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterX
                                        relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                        toItem:self.redView
                                        attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterX
                                        multiplier:1.0
                                        constant:0.0]];
    
        [self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint
                                        constraintWithItem:self.yellowView
                                        attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterY
                                        relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                        toItem:self.redView
                                        attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterY
                                        multiplier:1.0
                                        constant:0.0]];
    
    }
    
    @end

博客地址：[http://www.thinkandbuild.it/learn-to-love-auto-layout-programmatically/][http_www.thinkandbuild.it_learn-to-love-auto-layout-programmatically]  
demo地址：[https://github.com/ariok/TB\_ProgrammaticallyAutoLayout][https_github.com_ariok_TB_ProgrammaticallyAutoLayout]  
参考资料：[https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/AppKit/Reference/NSLayoutConstraint\_Class/index.html][https_developer.apple.com_library_mac_documentation_AppKit_Reference_NSLayoutConstraint_Class_index.html]

[http_www.thinkandbuild.it_learn-to-love-auto-layout-programmatically]: http://www.thinkandbuild.it/learn-to-love-auto-layout-programmatically/
[https_github.com_ariok_TB_ProgrammaticallyAutoLayout]: https://github.com/ariok/TB_ProgrammaticallyAutoLayout
[https_developer.apple.com_library_mac_documentation_AppKit_Reference_NSLayoutConstraint_Class_index.html]: https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/AppKit/Reference/NSLayoutConstraint_Class/index.html