WebService(2)-XML系列之Schema

矫情吗；* 2022-08-01 15:44 197阅读 0赞

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# 一.定义 #

Schema同样用于检测XML是否符合语法规则。

# 二.点评 #

相对DTD而言，有如下优点：

1.语法和Xml相同

2.数据类型很多

3.提供域名机制，就是Java中的包

# 三.Xml中引入Schema #

两种方式：

## 1.通过“命名空间”来引入 ##

xml\_user\_02path.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
    
    
    <schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
    		targetNamespace="http://www.example.org/schema_user"
    		xmlns:tns="http://www.example.org/schema_user" 
    		elementFormDefault="qualified">
    		
    		<element name="user">
    			<complexType>
    				
    				<sequence>
    					<element name="id" type="int"></element>
    					<element name="username" type="string"></element>
    					<element name="borndate" type="date"></element>
    				</sequence>		
    			</complexType>
    		</element>
    		
    </schema>

xml\_user\_01namespace.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
    
    
    <user xmlns="http://www.example.org/schema_user"
    	  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.example.org/schema_user">
    	  <id>1</id>
    	  <username>赵栗婧</username>
    	  <borndate>2015-6-44</borndate>
    
    </user>

## 2.通过xsd的文档路径来引入 ##

xml\_user\_02path.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
    
    <user xmlns="http://www.example.org/schema_user" 
    	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="schema_user.xsd">
    	<id>1</id>
    	<username>赵栗婧</username>
    	<borndate>2015-6-24</borndate>
    </user>

# 四.Schema的设计方式 #

3种：

## 1.RussianDoll ##

【特点】只有一个根元素，通过嵌套的方式完成编写

【优点】结构清晰，根元素只有一个

【缺点】元素无法重用  
schema\_1books\_RussianDoll.xsd

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
    	targetNamespace="http://www.example.org/schema_1books_RussianDoll" 
    	xmlns:tns="http://www.example.org/schema_1books_RussianDoll" 
    	elementFormDefault="qualified">
    	<element name="books">
    		<complexType>
    			
    			<sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
    				<element name="book">
    					
    					<complexType >
    					<attribute name="id" type="int" use="required"></attribute>
    						
    						<sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded">
    							<element name="bookid" type="int"></element>
    							<element name="bookname" type="string"></element>
    							
    							<choice>
    								<element name="auther" type="string"></element>
    								<element name="authers" >
    									<complexType>
    										
    										<sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
    											<element name="auther" type="string"></element>
    										</sequence>		
    									</complexType>
    								</element>
    							</choice>
    						</sequence>
    						
    					</complexType>
    				</element>
    			</sequence>
    			
    		</complexType>
    	</element>
    	
    </schema>

xml\_1books\_RussianDoll.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <book:books xmlns:book="http://www.example.org/schema_1books_RussianDoll"
    	 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	 xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="schema_1books_RussianDoll.xsd">
    	
    	<book:book id="1">
    		<book:bookid>1</book:bookid>
    		<book:bookname>J2EE企业规范图书</book:bookname>
    		<book:auther>赵栗婧</book:auther>
    	</book:book>
    	<book:book id="2"> 
    		<book:bookid>2 </book:bookid>
    		<book:bookname>J2EE企业规范图书</book:bookname>
    		<book:authers>
    			<book:auther>赵栗婧1</book:auther>
    			<book:auther>赵栗婧2</book:auther>
    		</book:authers>
    	</book:book>
    </book:books>

##  2.Salami Slice ##

【特点】元素全部独立出来，后通过引用的方式进行引用

【优点】能够进行最大化重用

【缺点】根节点不清晰

schema\_2books\_SalamlSlice.xsd

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
    	targetNamespace="http://www.example.org/schema_2books_SalamlSlice" 
    	xmlns:tns="http://www.example.org/schema_2books_SalamlSlice" 
    	elementFormDefault="qualified">
    	<element name="book" type="tns:bookType"></element>
    	<element name="id" type="int"></element>
    	<element name="name" type="string"></element>
    	<element name="content" type="string"></element>
    	<complexType name="bookType">
    		<sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
    			<element ref="tns:id"></element>
    			<element ref="tns:name"></element>
    			<element ref="tns:content"></element>
    		</sequence>
    	</complexType>
    </schema>

xml\_2books\_SalamlSlice.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <bookType xmlns="http://www.example.org/schema_2books_SalamlSlice"
    	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="schema_2books_SalamlSlice.xsd">
    	<id>1</id>
    	<name>1</name>
    	<content>1</content>
    </bookType>

## 3.CentianBind 推荐 ##

【特点】只有一个根元素，但是通过s impleType完成引用

schema\_3people\_venetianbind.xsd

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
    	targetNamespace="http://www.example.org/schema_3people_venetianbind" 
    	xmlns:tns="http://www.example.org/schema_3people_venetianbind" 
    	elementFormDefault="qualified">
    	<element name="people" type="tns:peopleType"></element>
    	<complexType name="peopleType">
    		<sequence>
    			<element name="name" type="string"/>
    			<element name="age" type="tns:ageType"/>			
    			<element name="email" type="tns:emailType"/>			
    		</sequence>
    		<attribute name="sex" type="tns:sexType"/>
    	</complexType>
    	
    	<simpleType name="ageType">
    		<restriction base="int">
    			<minInclusive value="1"/>
    			<maxExclusive value="150"/>
    		</restriction>
    	</simpleType>
    	
    	<simpleType name="sexType">
    		<restriction base="string">
    			<enumeration value="男"/>
    			<enumeration value="女"/>
    		</restriction>
    	</simpleType>
    	
    	<simpleType name="emailType">
    		<restriction base="string">
    
    			<minLength value="2"/>
    			<maxLength value="255"/>
    		</restriction>
    	</simpleType>
    </schema>

xml\_3people\_venetianbind.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <people xmlns="http://www.example.org/schema_3people_venetianbind"
    	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="schema_3people_venetianbind.xsd"  sex="男">
    	<name>赵栗婧</name>
    	<age>20</age>
    	<email>aaa</email>
    </people>

# 五..Schema之间的引用 #

两种：

## 1.非包装方式 ##

## 2.包装方式 ##

schema\_classroom.xsd

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
    	targetNamespace="http://www.example.org/schema_classroom" 
    	xmlns:tns="http://www.example.org/schema_classroom"
    	elementFormDefault="qualified">
    	
    	<xsd:include schemaLocation="schema_student.xsd"></xsd:include>
    	
    	<xsd:element name="classroom" type="tns:classroomType"></xsd:element>
    	
    	<xsd:complexType name="classroomType">
    		<xsd:sequence>
    			<xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string" />
    			<xsd:element name="grade" type="tns:gradeType" />
    			
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    			
    			
    			<xsd:sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded">
    				<xsd:element name="student" type="tns:studentType"></xsd:element>
    			</xsd:sequence>
    			
    		</xsd:sequence>
    	</xsd:complexType>
    	<xsd:simpleType name="gradeType">
    		<xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">
    			<xsd:minInclusive value="2000" />
    			<xsd:maxExclusive value="3000" />
    		</xsd:restriction>
    	</xsd:simpleType>
    </xsd:schema>

schema\_student.xsd

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