Android自动化构建之Ant多渠道打包实践（下）

喜欢ヅ旅行 2022-07-27 14:43 157阅读 0赞

# 前言 #

上一篇（[Android自动化构建之Ant多渠道打包实践（上）][Android_Ant]）已经介绍了Android的apk是如何构建的，本篇博客继续Ant打包的实践过程。

# 集成友盟统计SDK #

这里以友盟统计为例，对各个渠道进行统计，我们需要先集成它的SDK

**配置权限**

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" >
 </uses-permission>
 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" >
 </uses-permission>
 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" >
 </uses-permission>

**渠道配置**

<meta-data android:name="UMENG_APPKEY" android:value="56f0b1ef67e58eded700015b" >
 </meta-data>
 <meta-data android:name="UMENG_CHANNEL" android:value="Umeng" />

使用Ant打包的时候替换的渠道号就是`<meta-data android:name="UMENG_CHANNEL" android:value="Umeng" />` 将Umeng替换为具体的渠道，比如将Umeng替换为xiaomi。

# 定义build.properties文件 #

这个文件定义了Ant脚本要用到的一些参数值，我们的渠道也是定义在这里，具体看代码：

#project name and version
        project.name=AntBuild
        project.version=4.1.4
    
    #android platform version
        android-platform=android-19
    
    #keysore file 
        ketstore.file=release.keystore
        key.alias=release.keystore
        key.alias.password=123456
        key.store.password=123456
    
    #publish channel
        channelname=Umeng
        channelkey=360,QQ,xiaomi,liangxiang
        key=360,QQ,xiaomi,liangxiang
    
    #library project
        library-dir=../Library
        library-dir2=../Library2
    # generate R.java for libraries. Separate libraries with ':'.
        extra-library-packages=
    
    #filnal out dir
        out.dir=publish

# 完整的Ant脚本 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project name="iReaderApp" default="deploy" >
 
 
 <property file="build.properties" />
 
 
 <property environment="env" />
 
 
 <property name="version" value="${project.version}" />
 
 
 <property name="appName" value="${project.name}" />
 
 
 <property name="sdk-folder" value="${env.ANDROID_SDK_HOME}" />
 
 
 <property name="sdk-platform-folder" value="${sdk-folder}/platforms/android-19"/>
 
 
 <property name="sdk-tools" value="${sdk-folder}/tools" />
 
 
 <property name="sdk-platform-tools" value="${sdk-folder}/build-tools/android-4.4.2" />
 
 
 <property name="aapt" value="${sdk-platform-tools}/aapt" />
 
 
 <property name="library-dir" value="${library-dir}" />
 <property name="library-dir2" value="${library-dir2}" />
 
 
 
 <property name="aapt" value="${sdk-platform-tools}/aapt" />
 <property name="aidl" value="${sdk-platform-tools}/aidl" />
 <property name="dx" value="${sdk-platform-tools}/dx.bat" />
 <property name="apkbuilder" value="${sdk-tools}/apkbuilder.bat" />
 <property name="jarsigner" value="${env.JAVA_HOME}/bin/jarsigner" />
 <property name="zipalign" value="${sdk-tools}/zipalign" />
 
 
 
 <property name="android-jar" value="${sdk-platform-folder}/android.jar" />
 <property name="proguard-home" value="${sdk-tools}/proguard/lib" />
 
 
 <property name="framework-aidl" value="${sdk-platform-folder}/framework.aidl" />
 
 
 <property name="manifest-xml" value="AndroidManifest.xml" />
 
 
 <property name="resource-dir" value="res" />
 <property name="asset-dir" value="assets" />
 
 
 <property name="srcdir" value="src" />
 <property name="srcdir-ospath" value="${basedir}/${srcdir}" />
 
 
 <property name="external-lib" value="libs" />
 <property name="external-compile-lib" value="compile-libs" />
 
 <property name="external-lib-ospath" value="${basedir}/${external-lib}" />
 <property name="external-compile-lib-ospath" value="${basedir}/${external-compile-lib}" />
 
 
 <property name="external-library-dir-lib-ospath" value="${library-dir}/${external-lib}" />
 <property name="external-library-dir2-lib-ospath" value="${library-dir2}/${external-lib}" />
 
 
 
 
 <taskdef resource="net/sf/antcontrib/antcontrib.properties">
 <classpath>
 <pathelement location="${external-lib-ospath}/ant-contrib-1.0b3.jar" />
 </classpath>
 </taskdef>
 
 <property name="channelname" value="${channelname}" />
 <property name="channelkey" value="${channelkey}" />
 
 
 
 <property name="key" value="${key}" />
 
 
 <target name="deploy">
 <foreach target="modify_manifest" list="${key}" param="nameandchannel" delimiter=",">
 </foreach>
 </target>
 
 
 <target name="modify_manifest">
 
 
 
 <propertyregex override="true" property="channelkey" input="${nameandchannel}" regexp="(.*)" select="\1" />
 
 <replaceregexp flags="g" byline="false" encoding="UTF-8">
 <regexp pattern='meta-data android:name="UMENG_CHANNEL" android:value="(.*)"' />
 <substitution expression='meta-data android:name="UMENG_CHANNEL" android:value="${channelkey}"' />
 <fileset dir="" includes="AndroidManifest.xml" />
 </replaceregexp>
 <antcall target="zipalign" />
 </target>
 
 
 <target name="init">
 <echo>目录初始化....</echo>
 
 
 <var name="outdir-gen" value="gen" />
 
 
 <var name="outdir-bin" value="${out.dir}/${channelkey}" />
 
 
 <var name="outdir-classes" value="${outdir-bin}/otherfile" />
 <var name="outdir-classes-ospath" value="${basedir}/${outdir-classes}" />
 
 
 
 <var name="dex-file" value="classes.dex" />
 <var name="dex-path" value="${outdir-bin}/${dex-file}" />
 <var name="dex-ospath" value="${basedir}/${dex-path}" />
 
 
 
 <var name="resources-package" value="${outdir-bin}/resources.ap_" />
 <var name="resources-package-ospath" value="${basedir}/${resources-package}" />
 
 
 
 <var name="out-unsigned-package" value="${outdir-bin}/${appName}-unsigned.apk" />
 <var name="out-unsigned-package-ospath" value="${basedir}/${out-unsigned-package}" />
 
 
 
 <var name="keystore-file" value="${basedir}/${ketstore.file}" />
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <var name="out-signed-package" value="${outdir-bin}/${appName}_${channelkey}_${version}.apk" />
 <var name="out-signed-package-ospath" value="${basedir}/${out-signed-package}" />
 <delete dir="${outdir-bin}" />
 <mkdir dir="${outdir-bin}" />
 <mkdir dir="${outdir-classes}" />
 </target>
 
 
 
 <target name="gen-R" depends="init">
 <echo>生成R.java文件....</echo>
 <exec executable="${aapt}" failonerror="true">
 <arg value="package" />
 <arg value="-m" />
 <arg value="--auto-add-overlay" /> 
 <arg value="-J" />
 
 
 <arg value="${outdir-gen}" />
 
 
 <arg value="-M" />
 <arg value="${manifest-xml}" />
 
 
 <arg value="-S" />
 <arg value="${resource-dir}" />
 
 <arg value="-S" />
 <arg value="${library-dir}/res" />
 
 
 <arg value="-S" />
 <arg value="${library-dir2}/res" />
 
 
 <arg value="-I" />
 <arg value="${android-jar}" />
 </exec>
 </target>
 
 
 
 <target name="aidl" depends="gen-R">
 <echo>编译aidl文件....</echo>
 <apply executable="${aidl}" failonerror="true">
 
 <arg value="-p${framework-aidl}" />
 
 <arg value="-I${srcdir}" />
 
 <arg value="-o${outdir-gen}" />
 
 <fileset dir="${srcdir}">
 <include name="**/*.aidl" />
 </fileset>
 </apply>
 </target>
 
 
 
 <target name="compile" depends="aidl">
 <echo>java源文件编译成class文件....</echo>
 
 
 <javac encoding="UTF-8" destdir="${outdir-classes}" bootclasspath="${android-jar}">
 <src path="${library-dir}/src" />
 <src path="${outdir-gen}" />
 <classpath>
 <fileset dir="${external-library-dir-lib-ospath}" includes="*.jar" />
 </classpath>
 </javac>
 
 
 
 <javac encoding="UTF-8" destdir="${outdir-classes}" bootclasspath="${android-jar}">
 <src path="${library-dir2}/src" />
 <src path="${outdir-gen}" />
 <classpath>
 <fileset dir="${external-library-dir2-lib-ospath}" includes="*.jar" />
 </classpath>
 </javac>
 
 
 <javac encoding="UTF-8" destdir="${outdir-classes}" bootclasspath="${android-jar}" >
 <compilerarg line="-encoding UTF-8 " />
 
 <src path="${basedir}/src" />
 <src path="${outdir-gen}" />
 
 
 <classpath>
 <fileset dir="${external-lib}" includes="*.jar" />
  <fileset dir="${external-library-dir-lib-ospath}" includes="*.jar" />
 </classpath>
 </javac>
 </target>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <target name="dex" depends="compile" unless="do.not.compile">
 <echo>将.class文件转化成.dex文件....</echo>
 <exec executable="${dx}" failonerror="true">
 <arg value="--dex" />
 
 
 <arg value="--output=${dex-ospath}" />
 
 
 <arg value="${outdir-classes-ospath}" /> 
 <arg value="${external-lib-ospath}" />
 
 </exec>
 </target> 
 
 
 
 <target name="package-res-and-assets">
 <echo>将资源文件放进输出目录....</echo>
 <exec executable="${aapt}" failonerror="true">
 <arg value="package" />
 <arg value="-f" />
 <arg value="-M" />
 <arg value="${manifest-xml}" />
 
 <arg value="-S" />
 <arg value="${resource-dir}" />
 
 <arg value="-S"/>
 <arg value="${library-dir}/res"/>
 
 <arg value="-S"/>
 <arg value="${library-dir2}/res"/>
 
 <arg value="-A" />
 <arg value="${asset-dir}" />
 <arg value="-I" />
 <arg value="${android-jar}" />
 <arg value="-F" />
 <arg value="${resources-package}" />
 <arg value="--auto-add-overlay" />
 </exec>
 </target>
 
 
 <target name="package" depends="dex,package-res-and-assets">
 <echo>打包成未签证的apk....</echo>
 <java classpath="${sdk-tools}/lib/sdklib.jar" classname="com.android.sdklib.build.ApkBuilderMain"> 
 
 
 <arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" />
 <arg value="-u" />
 <arg value="-z" />
 
 
 <arg value="${resources-package-ospath}" />
 <arg value="-f" />
 
 
 <arg value="${dex-ospath}" />
 
 <arg value="-rj" />
 <arg value="${external-lib-ospath}"/>
 
 
 <arg value="-nf" />
 <arg value="${external-lib-ospath}" />
 </java>
 </target>
 
 
 
 <target name="jarsigner" depends="package">
 <echo>Packaging signed apk for release...</echo>
 <exec executable="${jarsigner}" failonerror="true">
 <arg value="-keystore" />
 <arg value="${keystore-file}" />
 <arg value="-storepass" />
 <arg value="${key.store.password}" />
 <arg value="-keypass" />
 <arg value="${key.alias.password}" />
 <arg value="-signedjar" />
 <arg value="${out-signed-package-ospath}" />
 <arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" />
 
 <arg value="${key.alias}" />
 </exec>
 </target>
 
 
 
 <target name="release" depends="jarsigner">
 
 <delete file="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" />
 <echo>APK is released. path:${out-signed-package-ospath}</echo>
 <echo>删除其他文件，最后只保留apk</echo> 
 <delete dir="${outdir-classes}"/>
 <delete file="${dex-ospath}" />
 <delete file="${resources-package-ospath}" />
 <echo>生成apk完成</echo>
 </target>
 
 
 <target name="zipalign" depends="release">
 <exec executable="${zipalign}" failonerror="true">
 <arg value="-v" />
 <arg value="4" />
 <arg value="${out-signed-package-ospath}" />
 <arg value="${out-signed-package-ospath}-zipaligned.apk" />
 </exec>
 </target>
 
 </project>

上面就是完整的Ant脚本，实现了自动化构建和多渠道的打包，笔者在实践的过程踩过不少坑才最终把apk包成功打出。

这里总结下可能遇到的坑：  
\- 生成R.java文件，一定要注意先后顺序，主项目之后才到关联项目  
\- 编译生成class文件，可能会遇到找不到类，一定要按照添加库的顺序来编译class文件  
\- 替换渠道号的时候，Ant中pattern里的内容要与mainfest文件的内容一致,包括顺序,空格)，笔者试过格式化后代码之后就不能写入成功

# build.bat脚本 #

@echo off
    call ant -buildfile "build.xml" deploy
    echo done
    pause
    exit

# 测试结果 #

我们可以在项目中的publish目录下生成不同渠道的apk文件：

![这里写图片描述][20160323180110899]

安装apk到设备，启动之后在友盟后台集成测试，看app发布的渠道：  
![历史纪录][20160323180513826]

# Demo例子欢迎大家star #

[https://github.com/devilWwj/Android-Tech/tree/master/AntBuildTest][https_github.com_devilWwj_Android-Tech_tree_master_AntBuildTest]

# 总结 #

实现Ant多渠道打包整个过程还是比较繁琐的，主要在Ant脚本上，比较容易出错，需要对命令比较了解，但确实能够缩短我们打渠道包的时间，基于本次实践是基于Eclipse，目前Android Studio使用gradle来实现多渠道打包，以后会把gradle进行多渠道打包的实现分享给大家，大家可以对比下这两种打包方式的区别，主要目的是更加深入的了解apk的构建过程。

--------------------

欢迎关注我的公众号：wwjblog

![wwjblog][]

[Android_Ant]: http://blog.csdn.net/wwj_748/article/details/50961892
[20160323180110899]: /images/20220727/7271605a40454deaae99f5ad28dfe306.png
[20160323180513826]: /images/20220727/16f14b01ec9342c78cd906944da9aeee.png
[https_github.com_devilWwj_Android-Tech_tree_master_AntBuildTest]: https://github.com/devilWwj/Android-Tech/tree/master/AntBuildTest
[wwjblog]: /images/20220727/67453b2910334cbebd39e154398df5f8.png