使用expect实现shell自动交互

谁借莪１个温暖的怀抱￠ 2022-07-24 04:07 245阅读 0赞

shell脚本需要交互的地方可以使用here文档是实现，但是有些命令却需要用户手动去就交互如passwd、scp

对自动部署免去用户交互很痛苦，expect能很好的解决这类问题。

expect的核心是spawn expect send set

spawn 调用要执行的命令

expect 等待命令提示信息的出现，也就是捕捉用户输入的提示：

send 发送需要交互的值，替代了用户手动输入内容

set 设置变量值

interact 执行完成后保持交互状态，把控制权交给控制台，这个时候就可以手工操作了。如果没有这一句登录完成后会退出，而不是留在远程终端上。  
expect eof 这个一定要加，与spawn对应表示捕获终端输出信息终止，类似于if....endif

expect脚本必须以interact或expect eof结束，执行自动化任务通常expect eof就够了。

设置expect永不超时  
set timeout -1

设置expect 300秒超时，如果超过300没有expect内容出现，则推出  
set timeout 300

expect编写语法，expect使用的是tcl语法。

一条Tcl命令由空格分割的单词组成. 其中, 第一个单词是命令名称, 其余的是命令参数  
cmd arg arg arg

$符号代表变量的值. 在本例中, 变量名称是foo.  
$foo

方括号执行了一个嵌套命令. 例如, 如果你想传递一个命令的结果作为另外一个命令的参数, 那么你使用这个符号  
\[cmd arg\]

双引号把词组标记为命令的一个参数. "$"符号和方括号在双引号内仍被解释  
"some stuff"

大括号也把词组标记为命令的一个参数. 但是, 其他符号在大括号内不被解释  
\{some stuff\}

反斜线符号是用来引用特殊符号. 例如：n 代表换行. 反斜线符号也被用来关闭"$"符号, 引号,方括号和大括号的特殊含义

**expect使用实例**  
  
1。首先确认expect的包要安置。

\#rpm -qa | grep expect

如果没有则需要下载安装，

\#yum install expect

2.安装完成后，查看expect的路径，可以用

\#which expect

/usr/bin/expect

3.编辑脚本  
\#vi autosu.sh  
添加如下内容

<table style="border: 2px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); border-collapse: collapse; margin: 5px 0px 10px;"> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 3px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> 
    <div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15px !important;"> 
     <div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
       1 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
       2 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
       3 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
       4 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
       5 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
       6 
     </div> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 3px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> 
    <div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; tab-size: 4; line-height: 15px !important;"> 
     <div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 
      <span>#!/usr/bin/expect&nbsp;&nbsp;-f&nbsp;&nbsp; //这个expect的路径就是用which expect 查看的结果</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 
      <span>spawn&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>su</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>nginx</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>//切换用户</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 
      <span>expect</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>"password:"</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>//提示让输入密码</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 
      <span>send</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>"testr"</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>//输入nginx的密码</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 
      <span>interact</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>//操作完成</span> 
     </div> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

4.确定脚本有可执行权限

chmod +x autosu.sh

5.执行脚本 expect autosu.sh 或 ./autosu.sh

expect常用脚本

登陆到远程服务器

<table style="border:2px solid rgb(204,204,204); border-collapse:collapse; margin:5px 0px 10px"> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:3px 10px; vertical-align:top"> 
    <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:15px!important"> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       1 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       2 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       3 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       4 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       5 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       6 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       7 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       8 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       9 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       10 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       11 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       12 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
   <td style="border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:3px 10px; vertical-align:top"> 
    <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:15px!important"> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>#!/usr/bin/expect&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>set</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>timeout</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>5</span> 
      <span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>set</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>server</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>[</span> 
      <span>lindex</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>argv</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>0</span> 
      <span>]</span> 
      <span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>set</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>user</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>[</span> 
      <span>lindex</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>argv</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>1</span> 
      <span>]</span> 
      <span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>set</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>passwd</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>[</span> 
      <span>lindex</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>argv</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>2</span> 
      <span>]</span> 
      <span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>spawn</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>ssh</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>l</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>user</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>server</span> 
      <span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>expect</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>{ </span> 
      <span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>(</span> 
      <span>yes</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>no</span> 
      <span>)</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>{ </span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>send</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>yesr</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>exp</span> 
      <span>_</span>continue 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>}</span> 
      <span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>password</span> 
      <span>:</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>{ </span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>send</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>passwdr</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>}</span> 
      <span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>}</span> 
      <span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>expect</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>*</span> 
      <span>Last&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>login*</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>interact</span> 
      <span></span> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

scp拷贝文件

<table style="border:2px solid rgb(204,204,204); border-collapse:collapse; margin:5px 0px 10px"> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:3px 10px; vertical-align:top"> 
    <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:15px!important"> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       1 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       2 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       3 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       4 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       5 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       6 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       7 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       8 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       9 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       10 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       11 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       12 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       13 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       14 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       15 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       16 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       17 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       18 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       19 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       20 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
       21 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
   <td style="border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:3px 10px; vertical-align:top"> 
    <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:15px!important"> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>#!/usr/bin/expect</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>set&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>timeout</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>10</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>set&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>host</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>[</span> 
      <span>lindex</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>argv</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>0</span> 
      <span>]</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>//第1个参数，其它2,3,4参数类似</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>set&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>username</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>[</span> 
      <span>lindex</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>argv</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>1</span> 
      <span>]</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>set&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>password</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>[</span> 
      <span>lindex</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>argv</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>2</span> 
      <span>]</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>set&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>src</span> 
      <span>_</span>file 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>[</span> 
      <span>lindex</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>argv</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>3</span> 
      <span>]</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>set&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>dest</span> 
      <span>_</span>file 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>[</span> 
      <span>lindex</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>argv</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>4</span> 
      <span>]</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>spawn&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>scp</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>src</span> 
      <span>_</span>file 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>username</span> 
      <span>@</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>host</span> 
      <span>:</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>dest_file</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span></span> 
      <span>expect</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>{ </span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span></span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>(</span> 
      <span>yes</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>no</span> 
      <span>)</span> 
      <span>?</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>{ </span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>send</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>yesn</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>expect</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>*</span> 
      <span>assword</span> 
      <span>:</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>{ </span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>send</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>passwordn</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>}</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span></span> 
      <span>}</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span></span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>*</span> 
      <span>assword</span> 
      <span>:</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>{ </span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span></span> 
      <span>send</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>$</span> 
      <span>passwordn</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>}</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>}</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>expect</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>100</span> 
      <span>%</span> 
      <span>&amp;</span> 
      <span>quot</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
      <span>expect&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>eof</span> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

\#!/bin/bash  
  
  
set timeout 30  
expect<<-END  
spawn ssh-keygen -t rsa  
expect "Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id\_rsa): "  
send "\\n"  
expect "Overwrite (y/n)? "  
send "\\n"  
expect eof  
exit  
END  
  
  
for i in \`cat ./serverlist.ini |grep "="|awk -F= '\{print $2\}'\`  
do  
       echo $i  
expect<<-END

spawn ssh root@$i "mkdir /root/.ssh/"  
   expect "password: "  
   send "du77\\n"  
expect eof  
exit  
END  
expect<<-END  
   spawn scp /root/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub root@$i:/root/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub  
   expect "password: "  
   send "du77\\n"  
expect eof  
exit  
END  
expect<<-END

spawn ssh root@$i "touch /root/.ssh/authorized\_keys"  
   expect "password: "  
   send "du77\\n"  
expect eof  
exit  
END  
expect<<-END  
   spawn ssh root@$i "cat /root/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized\_keys"  
   expect "password: "  
   send "du77\\n"  
expect eof  
exit  
END

done

\#!/bin/bash  
  
  
set timeout 30  
for i in \`cat ./serverlist.ini |grep "="|awk -F= '\{print $2\}'\`  
do  
        echo $i  
expect<<-END  
   spawn scp /root/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub root@$i:/root/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub  
   expect "password: "  
   send "123@123\\n"  
expect eof  
exit  
END  
expect<<-END  
   spawn ssh root@$i "touch /root/.ssh/authorized\_keys"  
   expect "password: "  
   send "123@123\\n"  
expect eof  
exit  
END  
expect<<-END  
   spawn ssh root@$i "cat /root/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized\_keys"  
   expect "password: "  
   send "123@123\\n"  
expect eof  
exit  
END  
done