Android 多线程之IntentService 完全详解

柔光的暖阳◎ 2022-07-18 01:14 197阅读 0赞

转载请注明出处（万分感谢！）：  
[http://blog.csdn.net/javazejian/article/details/52426425][http_blog.csdn.net_javazejian_article_details_52426425]  
[出自【zejian的博客】][zejian]  
  
关联文章:  
[Android 多线程之HandlerThread 完全详解][Android _HandlerThread]  
[Android 多线程之IntentService 完全详解][http_blog.csdn.net_javazejian_article_details_52426425]  
[android多线程-AsyncTask之工作原理深入解析(上)][android_-AsyncTask]  
[android多线程-AsyncTask之工作原理深入解析(下)][android_-AsyncTask 1]

# IntentService #

### 一、IntentService概述 ###

上一篇我们聊到了HandlerThread，本篇我们就来看看HandlerThread在IntentService中的应用，看本篇前建议先看看上篇的HandlerThread，有助于我们更好掌握IntentService。同样地，我们先来看看IntentService的特点：

*  它本质是一种特殊的Service,继承自Service并且本身就是一个抽象类
 *  它可以用于在后台执行耗时的异步任务，当任务完成后会自动停止
 *  它拥有较高的优先级，不易被系统杀死（继承自Service的缘故），因此比较适合执行一些高优先级的异步任务
 *  它内部通过HandlerThread和Handler实现异步操作
 *  创建IntentService时，只需实现onHandleIntent和构造方法，onHandleIntent为异步方法，可以执行耗时操作

### 二、IntentService的常规使用套路 ###

大概了解了IntentService的特点后，我们就来了解一下它的使用方式，先看个案例：  
IntentService实现类如下：

package com.zejian.handlerlooper;
    
    import android.app.IntentService;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.graphics.Bitmap;
    import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
    import android.os.IBinder;
    import android.os.Message;
    
    import com.zejian.handlerlooper.util.LogUtils;
    
    import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
    import java.net.URL;
    
    /** * Created by zejian * Time 16/9/3. * Description: */
    public  class MyIntentService extends IntentService { 
        public static final String DOWNLOAD_URL="download_url";
        public static final String INDEX_FLAG="index_flag";
        public static UpdateUI updateUI;
    
    
        public static void setUpdateUI(UpdateUI updateUIInterface){
            updateUI=updateUIInterface;
        }
    
        public MyIntentService(){
            super("MyIntentService");
        }
    
        /** * 实现异步任务的方法 * @param intent Activity传递过来的Intent,数据封装在intent中 */
        @Override
        protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
    
            //在子线程中进行网络请求
            Bitmap bitmap=downloadUrlBitmap(intent.getStringExtra(DOWNLOAD_URL));
            Message msg1 = new Message();
            msg1.what = intent.getIntExtra(INDEX_FLAG,0);
            msg1.obj =bitmap;
            //通知主线程去更新UI
            if(updateUI!=null){
                updateUI.updateUI(msg1);
            }
            //mUIHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg1,1000);
    
            LogUtils.e("onHandleIntent");
        }
        //----------------------重写一下方法仅为测试------------------------------------------
        @Override
        public void onCreate() {
            LogUtils.e("onCreate");
            super.onCreate();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
            super.onStart(intent, startId);
            LogUtils.e("onStart");
        }
    
        @Override
        public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
            LogUtils.e("onStartCommand");
            return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onDestroy() {
            LogUtils.e("onDestroy");
            super.onDestroy();
        }
    
        @Override
        public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
            LogUtils.e("onBind");
            return super.onBind(intent);
        }
    
    
        public interface UpdateUI{ 
            void updateUI(Message message);
        }
    
    
        private Bitmap downloadUrlBitmap(String urlString) {
            HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
            BufferedInputStream in = null;
            Bitmap bitmap=null;
            try {
                final URL url = new URL(urlString);
                urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                in = new BufferedInputStream(urlConnection.getInputStream(), 8 * 1024);
                bitmap= BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in);
            } catch (final IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if (urlConnection != null) {
                    urlConnection.disconnect();
                }
                try {
                    if (in != null) {
                        in.close();
                    }
                } catch (final IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return bitmap;
        }
    
    }

通过代码可以看出，我们继承了IntentService，这里有两个方法是必须实现的，一个是构造方法，必须传递一个线程名称的字符串，另外一个就是进行异步处理的方法onHandleIntent(Intent intent) 方法，其参数intent可以附带从activity传递过来的数据。这里我们的案例主要利用onHandleIntent实现异步下载图片，然后通过回调监听的方法把下载完的bitmap放在message中回调给Activity（当然也可以使用广播完成），最后通过Handler去更新UI。下面再来看看Acitvity的代码：

activity\_intent\_service.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">
    
        <ImageView android:id="@+id/image" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" />
    </LinearLayout>

IntentServiceActivity.java

package com.zejian.handlerlooper.util;
    
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.graphics.Bitmap;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.os.Handler;
    import android.os.Message;
    import android.widget.ImageView;
    
    import com.zejian.handlerlooper.MyIntentService;
    import com.zejian.handlerlooper.R;
    
    /** * Created by zejian * Time 16/9/3. * Description: */
    public class IntentServiceActivity extends Activity implements MyIntentService.UpdateUI{ 
        /** * 图片地址集合 */
        private String url[] = {
                "https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083245762",
                "https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083252184",
                "https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083257871",
                "https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083257871",
                "https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083311972",
                "https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083319668",
                "https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083326871"
        };
    
        private static ImageView imageView;
        private static final Handler mUIHandler = new Handler() {
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                imageView.setImageBitmap((Bitmap) msg.obj);
            }
        };
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_intent_service);
            imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image);
    
            Intent intent = new Intent(this,MyIntentService.class);
            for (int i=0;i<7;i++) {
       //循环启动任务
                intent.putExtra(MyIntentService.DOWNLOAD_URL,url[i]);
                intent.putExtra(MyIntentService.INDEX_FLAG,i);
                startService(intent);
            }
            MyIntentService.setUpdateUI(this);
        }
    
        //必须通过Handler去更新，该方法为异步方法，不可更新UI
        @Override
        public void updateUI(Message message) {
            mUIHandler.sendMessageDelayed(message,message.what * 1000);
        }
    }

代码比较简单，通过for循环多次去启动IntentService，然后去下载图片，注意即使我们多次启动IntentService，但IntentService的实例只有一个，这跟传统的Service是一样的，最终IntentService会去调用onHandleIntent执行异步任务。这里可能我们还会担心for循环去启动任务，而实例又只有一个，那么任务会不会被覆盖掉呢？其实是不会的，因为IntentService真正执行异步任务的是HandlerThread+Handler，每次启动都会把下载图片的任务添加到依附的消息队列中，最后由HandlerThread+Handler去执行。好~，我们运行一下代码：  
![20160903221226329][]  
每间隔一秒去更新图片，接着我们看一组log：  
![20160903220318849][]  
  从Log可以看出onCreate只启动了一次，而onStartCommand和onStart多次启动，这就证实了之前所说的，启动多次，但IntentService的实例只有一个，这跟传统的Service是一样的，最后任务都执行完成后，IntentService自动销毁。以上便是IntentService德使用方式，怎么样，比较简单吧。接着我们就来分析一下IntentService的源码，其实也比较简单只有100多行代码。

### 三、IntentService源码解析 ###

我们先来看看IntentService的onCreate方法：

@Override
    public void onCreate() {
       // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
       // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
       // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
    
       super.onCreate();
       HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
       thread.start();
    
       mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
       mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
    }

当第一启动IntentService时，它的onCreate方法将会被调用，其内部会去创建一个HandlerThread并启动它，接着创建一个ServiceHandler（继承Handler），传入HandlerThread的Looper对象，这样ServiceHandler就变成可以处理异步线程的执行类了（因为Looper对象与HandlerThread绑定，而HandlerThread又是一个异步线程，我们把HandlerThread持有的Looper对象传递给Handler后，ServiceHandler内部就持有异步线程的Looper，自然就可以执行异步任务了），那么IntentService是怎么启动异步任务的呢？其实IntentService启动后还会去调用onStartCommand方法，而onStartCommand方法又会去调用onStart方法，我们看看它们的源码：

@Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
        Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
        msg.arg1 = startId;
        msg.obj = intent;
        mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }
    
    /** * You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead, * override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService * receives a start request. * @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand */
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        onStart(intent, startId);
        return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
    }

从源码我们可以看出，在onStart方法中，IntentService通过mServiceHandler的sendMessage方法发送了一个消息，这个消息将会发送到HandlerThread中进行处理（因为HandlerThread持有Looper对象，所以其实是Looper从消息队列中取出消息进行处理，然后调用mServiceHandler的handleMessage方法），我们看看ServiceHandler的源码：

private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler { 
       public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
           super(looper);
       }
    
       @Override
       public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
           onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
           stopSelf(msg.arg1);
       }
    }

这里其实也说明onHandleIntent确实是一个异步处理方法（ServiceHandler本身就是一个异步处理的handler类），在onHandleIntent方法执行结束后，IntentService会通过 stopSelf(int startId)方法来尝试停止服务。这里采用stopSelf(int startId)而不是stopSelf()来停止服务，是因为stopSelf()会立即停止服务，而stopSelf(int startId)会等待所有消息都处理完后才终止服务。最后看看onHandleIntent方法的声明：

protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);

到此我们就知道了IntentService的onHandleIntent方法是一个抽象方法，所以我们在创建IntentService时必须实现该方法，通过上面一系列的分析可知，onHandleIntent方法也是一个异步方法。这里要注意的是如果后台任务只有一个的话，onHandleIntent执行完，服务就会销毁，但如果后台任务有多个的话，onHandleIntent执行完最后一个任务时，服务才销毁。最后我们要知道每次执行一个后台任务就必须启动一次IntentService，而IntentService内部则是通过消息的方式发送给HandlerThread的，然后由Handler中的Looper来处理消息，而Looper是按顺序从消息队列中取任务的，也就是说IntentService的后台任务时顺序执行的，当有多个后台任务同时存在时，这些后台任务会按外部调用的顺序排队执行，我们前面的使用案例也很好说明了这点。最后贴一下到IntentService的全部源码，大家再次感受一下：

/* * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */
    
    package android.app;
    
    import android.annotation.WorkerThread;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.os.Handler;
    import android.os.HandlerThread;
    import android.os.IBinder;
    import android.os.Looper;
    import android.os.Message;
    
    /** * IntentService is a base class for {@link Service}s that handle asynchronous * requests (expressed as {@link Intent}s) on demand. Clients send requests * through {@link android.content.Context#startService(Intent)} calls; the * service is started as needed, handles each Intent in turn using a worker * thread, and stops itself when it runs out of work. * * <p>This "work queue processor" pattern is commonly used to offload tasks * from an application's main thread. The IntentService class exists to * simplify this pattern and take care of the mechanics. To use it, extend * IntentService and implement {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)}. IntentService * will receive the Intents, launch a worker thread, and stop the service as * appropriate. * * <p>All requests are handled on a single worker thread -- they may take as * long as necessary (and will not block the application's main loop), but * only one request will be processed at a time. * * <div class="special reference"> * <h3>Developer Guides</h3> * <p>For a detailed discussion about how to create services, read the * <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/fundamentals/services.html">Services</a> developer guide.</p> * </div> * * @see android.os.AsyncTask */
    public abstract class IntentService extends Service { 
        private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
    
        private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
        private String mName;
        private boolean mRedelivery;
    
        private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler { 
            public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
                super(looper);
            }
    
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
                stopSelf(msg.arg1);
            }
        }
    
        /** * Creates an IntentService. Invoked by your subclass's constructor. * * @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging. */
        public IntentService(String name) {
            super();
            mName = name;
        }
    
        /** * Sets intent redelivery preferences. Usually called from the constructor * with your preferred semantics. * * <p>If enabled is true, * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return * {@link Service#START_REDELIVER_INTENT}, so if this process dies before * {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)} returns, the process will be restarted * and the intent redelivered. If multiple Intents have been sent, only * the most recent one is guaranteed to be redelivered. * * <p>If enabled is false (the default), * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return * {@link Service#START_NOT_STICKY}, and if the process dies, the Intent * dies along with it. */
        public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {
            mRedelivery = enabled;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onCreate() {
            // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
            // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
            // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
    
            super.onCreate();
            HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
            thread.start();
    
            mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
            mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
            Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
            msg.arg1 = startId;
            msg.obj = intent;
            mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
        }
    
        /** * You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead, * override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService * receives a start request. * @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand */
        @Override
        public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
            onStart(intent, startId);
            return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onDestroy() {
            mServiceLooper.quit();
        }
    
        /** * Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this * method, because the default implementation returns null. * @see android.app.Service#onBind */
        @Override
        public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
            return null;
        }
    
        /** * This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process. * Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a * worker thread that runs independently from other application logic. * So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to * the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else. * When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself, * so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}. * * @param intent The value passed to {@link * android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}. */
        @WorkerThread
        protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);
    }

此IntentService的源码就分析完了，嗯，本篇完结。

[Android 多线程之HandlerThread 完全详解][Android _HandlerThread]  
[Android 多线程之IntentService 完全详解][http_blog.csdn.net_javazejian_article_details_52426425]  
[android多线程-AsyncTask之工作原理深入解析(上)][android_-AsyncTask]  
[android多线程-AsyncTask之工作原理深入解析(下)][android_-AsyncTask 1]

[http_blog.csdn.net_javazejian_article_details_52426425]: http://blog.csdn.net/javazejian/article/details/52426425
[zejian]: http://blog.csdn.net/javazejian
[Android _HandlerThread]: http://blog.csdn.net/javazejian/article/details/52426353
[android_-AsyncTask]: http://blog.csdn.net/javazejian/article/details/52462830
[android_-AsyncTask 1]: http://blog.csdn.net/javazejian/article/details/52464139
[20160903221226329]: /images/20220717/1e5a07bafdce4876a24c17e4f9196442.png
[20160903220318849]: /images/20220717/1c55dd11acb749118d3dc4803418fdd8.png