命令行下载更新Android SDK

秒速五厘米 2022-07-16 10:30 356阅读 0赞

## 前序 ##

最近需要在服务器上用Jenkins自动打包Android app，从google官网上下载的Linux版本sdk结果发现里面就只有一个tools目录有文件，其他的都没有。。。  
无奈，服务器是没有界面的，之前都习惯用IDE去安装更新，现在尝试用命令行下载更新了。

## 下载Android SDK for Linux ##

从google的官网下载最新Linux版本SDK，由于dl.google.com域名一直没有被墙，所以才可以直接从官网下了。这点不错~

$ wget https://dl.google.com/android/android-sdk_r24.4.1-linux.tgz
    
    解压
    $ tar zxvf android-sdk_r24.4.1-linux.tgz

## 更新Android SDK ##

前面说到了，我们下载的这个包其实只有tools目录下才有东西。既然google给了我们这个，表示这里面肯定有可以更新SDK的工具啦。  
其实就是**tools/android**这个文件

$ cd android-sdk-linux/tools
    
    查看命令帮助
    $ ./android --help
           Usage:
           android [global options] action [action options]
           Global options:
      -s --silent     : Silent mode, shows errors only.
      -v --verbose    : Verbose mode, shows errors, warnings and all messages.
         --clear-cache: Clear the SDK Manager repository manifest cache.
      -h --help       : Help on a specific command.
    
                                                                        Valid
                                                                        actions
                                                                        are
                                                                        composed
                                                                        of a verb
                                                                        and an
                                                                        optional
                                                                        direct
                                                                        object:
    -    sdk              : Displays the SDK Manager window.
    -    avd              : Displays the AVD Manager window.
    -   list              : Lists existing targets or virtual devices.
    -   list avd          : Lists existing Android Virtual Devices.
    -   list target       : Lists existing targets.
    -   list device       : Lists existing devices.
    -   list sdk          : Lists remote SDK repository.
    - create avd          : Creates a new Android Virtual Device.
    -   move avd          : Moves or renames an Android Virtual Device.
    - delete avd          : Deletes an Android Virtual Device.
    - update avd          : Updates an Android Virtual Device to match the folders
                            of a new SDK.
    - create project      : Creates a new Android project.
    - update project      : Updates an Android project (must already have an
                            AndroidManifest.xml).
    - create test-project : Creates a new Android project for a test package.
    - update test-project : Updates the Android project for a test package (must
                            already have an AndroidManifest.xml).
    - create lib-project  : Creates a new Android library project.
    - update lib-project  : Updates an Android library project (must already have
                            an AndroidManifest.xml).
    - create uitest-project: Creates a new UI test project.
    - update adb          : Updates adb to support the USB devices declared in the
                            SDK add-ons.
    - update sdk          : Updates the SDK by suggesting new platforms to install
                            if available.

我们需要关注 list 和 update 。

查看当前可安装的SDK版本
    $ ./android list sdk
    
    Refresh Sources:
      Fetching https://dl.google.com/android/repository/addons_list-2.xml
      Validate XML
      Parse XML
      Fetched Add-ons List successfully
      Refresh Sources
      Fetching URL: https://dl.google.com/android/repository/repository-11.xml
      Validate XML: https://dl.google.com/android/repository/repository-11.xml
      Parse XML:    https://dl.google.com/android/repository/repository-11.xml
      Fetching URL: https://dl.google.com/android/repository/addon.xml
      Validate XML: https://dl.google.com/android/repository/addon.xml
      Parse XML:    https://dl.google.com/android/repository/addon.xml
      Fetching URL: https://dl.google.com/android/repository/glass/addon.xml
      Validate XML: https://dl.google.com/android/repository/glass/addon.xml
      Parse XML:    https://dl.google.com/android/repository/glass/addon.xml
      Fetching URL: https://dl.google.com/android/repository/extras/intel/addon.xml
      Validate XML: https://dl.google.com/android/repository/extras/intel/addon.xml
      Parse XML:    https://dl.google.com/android/repository/extras/intel/addon.xml
      Fetching URL: https://dl.google.com/android/repository/sys-img/android/sys-img.xml
      Validate XML: https://dl.google.com/android/repository/sys-img/android/sys-img.xml
      Parse XML:    https://dl.google.com/android/repository/sys-img/android/sys-img.xml
      Fetching URL: https://dl.google.com/android/repository/sys-img/android-wear/sys-img.xml
      Validate XML: https://dl.google.com/android/repository/sys-img/android-wear/sys-img.xml
      Parse XML:    https://dl.google.com/android/repository/sys-img/android-wear/sys-img.xml
      Fetching URL: https://dl.google.com/android/repository/sys-img/android-tv/sys-img.xml
      Validate XML: https://dl.google.com/android/repository/sys-img/android-tv/sys-img.xml
      Parse XML:    https://dl.google.com/android/repository/sys-img/android-tv/sys-img.xml
      Fetching URL: https://dl.google.com/android/repository/sys-img/google_apis/sys-img.xml
      Validate XML: https://dl.google.com/android/repository/sys-img/google_apis/sys-img.xml
      Parse XML:    https://dl.google.com/android/repository/sys-img/google_apis/sys-img.xml
    Packages available for installation or update: 41
       1- Android SDK Tools, revision 25.2.2
       2- Android SDK Platform-tools, revision 24.0.4
       3- Android SDK Build-tools, revision 24.0.3
       4- Documentation for Android SDK, API 24, revision 1
       5- SDK Platform Android 7.0, API 24, revision 2
       6- SDK Platform Android 6.0, API 23, revision 3
       7- SDK Platform Android 5.1.1, API 22, revision 2
       8- SDK Platform Android 5.0.1, API 21, revision 2
       9- SDK Platform Android 4.4W.2, API 20, revision 2
      10- SDK Platform Android 4.4.2, API 19, revision 4
      11- SDK Platform Android 4.3.1, API 18, revision 3
      12- SDK Platform Android 4.2.2, API 17, revision 3
      13- SDK Platform Android 4.1.2, API 16, revision 5
      14- SDK Platform Android 4.0.3, API 15, revision 5
      15- SDK Platform Android 4.0, API 14, revision 4
      16- SDK Platform Android 3.2, API 13, revision 1
      17- SDK Platform Android 3.1, API 12, revision 3
      18- SDK Platform Android 3.0, API 11, revision 2
      19- SDK Platform Android 2.3.3, API 10, revision 2
      20- SDK Platform Android 2.3.1, API 9, revision 2
      21- SDK Platform Android 2.2, API 8, revision 3
      22- SDK Platform Android 2.1, API 7, revision 3
      23- Google APIs, Android API 24, revision 1
      24- Google APIs, Android API 23, revision 1
      25- Google APIs, Android API 22, revision 1
      26- Google APIs, Android API 21, revision 1
      27- Google APIs, Android API 19, revision 20
      28- Glass Development Kit Preview, Android API 19, revision 11
      29- Google APIs, Android API 18, revision 4
      30- Google APIs, Android API 17, revision 4
      31- Google APIs, Android API 16, revision 4
      32- Google APIs, Android API 15, revision 3
      33- Android Support Repository, revision 38
      34- Android Auto Desktop Head Unit emulator, revision 1.1
      35- Google Play services, revision 33
      36- Google Repository, revision 36
      37- Google Play APK Expansion library, revision 1
      38- Google Play Licensing Library, revision 1
      39- Google Play Billing Library, revision 5
      40- Android Auto API Simulators, revision 1
      41- Google Web Driver, revision 2

因为是首次安装，所有有非常多的版本可下载。  
我们可以有2个选择：

*  安装所有版本的SDK
 *  只安装我们需要SDK版本  
    因为是在服务器上，建议直接安装所有版本的吧，不然后续可能有些app需要这个版本，又有的需要那个版本。还不如一开始就全部安装好。

## 更新命令 ##

根据上面的工具使用帮助，可以看到更新命令是使用**update sdk**，  
但是这个命令又是如何使用的呢？查看帮助

$ ./android update sdk --help
    
    Usage:
           android [global options] update sdk [action options]
           Global options:
      -s --silent     : Silent mode, shows errors only.
      -v --verbose    : Verbose mode, shows errors, warnings and all messages.
         --clear-cache: Clear the SDK Manager repository manifest cache.
      -h --help       : Help on a specific command.
    
                         Action "update sdk":
      Updates the SDK by suggesting new platforms to install if available.
    Options:
      -f --force     : Forces replacement of a package or its parts, even if
                       something has been modified.
      -n --dry-mode  : Simulates the update but does not download or install
                       anything.
         --proxy-host: HTTP/HTTPS proxy host (overrides settings if defined)
      -s --no-https  : Uses HTTP instead of HTTPS (the default) for downloads.
      -t --filter    : A filter that limits the update to the specified types of
                       packages in the form of a comma-separated list of
                       [platform, system-image, tool, platform-tool, doc, sample,
                       source]. This also accepts the identifiers returned by
                       'list sdk --extended'.
      -u --no-ui     : Updates from command-line (does not display the GUI)
         --proxy-port: HTTP/HTTPS proxy port (overrides settings if defined)
      -p --obsolete  : Deprecated. Please use --all instead.
      -a --all       : Includes all packages (such as obsolete and non-dependent
                       ones.)

在这里，重点关注**-u**和**-t**参数就好。

-u --no-ui  表示在命令行环境下使用，刚好符合我们服务器环境
    -t --filter 表示过滤，只安装指定版本的sdk

好了，我们现在就开始更新吧

首先下载更新全部可安装的SDK版本，不指定过滤即可
    $ ./android update sdk -u

经过漫长时间的等待基本都安装好了。。  
如果只需要安装指定版本的话，就需要过滤了，如何过滤呢？我们上面已经介绍查看可安装更新sdk版本命令`list sdk`了。根据查看到的序号过滤即可。

只安装指定序号的版本
    $ ./android  update sdk -u -t 序号
    如：安装Build-tools, revision 24.0.3
    $ ./android update sdk -u -t 3
    需要同意license，输入 y 回车即可

安装后可跳转到上一级目录查看是否已经有了。

$ cd ..
    $ ls
    add-ons  build-tools  platforms  SDK Readme.txt  temp  tools
    $ cd build-tools
    $ ls
    24.0.3

可以看到安装成功了。

## 总结 ##

通过这些我们也可以推测出其实那些IDE图形界面底层调用的也是这些命令吧。。