Android中使用GPS和NetWork获取定位信息

Bertha 。 2022-07-13 10:58 1065阅读 0赞

## Android中使用GPS和NetWork获取定位信息 ##

在Android中定位是属于[危险权限][Link 1]，需要在添加Mainfest.xml中添加。

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

如果在Android6.0级以上系统，需要 [动态的申请权限][Link 2]，也可以使用封装好 [权限管理库][Link 3]。

--------------------

#### 定位的几种方式 ####

在Android系统当中，给我们提供了四种定位方式，分别是：

*  network
    
    它是依靠信号塔或WiFi来定位的。对应的provider字段是LocationManager.NETWORK\_PROVIDER，是一种低精度，低耗电的初略定位方式。
 *  gps
    
    它是依靠GPS来定位的。对应的provider字段是LocationManager.GPS\_PROVIDER，是高精度，高耗电的精准定位方式。
 *  passive
    
    被动的获取定位信息，通过接受其他APP或service的定位信息。不过需要这个权限ACCESS\_FINE\_LOCATION。
    
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
 *  fused
    
    Google已经将这个定位方式hide了。

--------------------

#### 获取定位的api封装 ####

public class LocationUtils { 
    
        private static final long REFRESH_TIME = 5000L;
        private static final float METER_POSITION = 0.0f;
        private static ILocationListener mLocationListener;
        private static LocationListener listener = new MyLocationListener();
    
        private static class MyLocationListener implements LocationListener { 
            @Override
            public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
       //定位改变监听
                if (mLocationListener != null) {
                    mLocationListener.onSuccessLocation(location);
                }
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
       //定位状态监听
    
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
       //定位状态可用监听
    
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
       //定位状态不可用监听
    
            }
        }
    
        /** * GPS获取定位方式 */
        public static Location getGPSLocation(@NonNull Context context) {
            Location location = null;
            LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
            //高版本的权限检查
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                return null;
            }
            if (manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {
       //是否支持GPS定位
                //获取最后的GPS定位信息，如果是第一次打开，一般会拿不到定位信息，一般可以请求监听，在有效的时间范围可以获取定位信息
                location = manager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
            }
            return location;
        }
    
        /** * network获取定位方式 */
        public static Location getNetWorkLocation(Context context) {
            Location location = null;
            LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
            //高版本的权限检查
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                return null;
            }
            if (manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER)) {
       //是否支持Network定位
                //获取最后的network定位信息
                location = manager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
            }
            return location;
        }
    
        /** * 获取最好的定位方式 */
        public static Location getBestLocation(Context context, Criteria criteria) {
            Location location;
            LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
            if (criteria == null) {
                criteria = new Criteria();
            }
            String provider = manager.getBestProvider(criteria, true);
            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(provider)) {
                //如果找不到最适合的定位，使用network定位
                location = getNetWorkLocation(context);
            } else {
                //高版本的权限检查
                if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                        && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    return null;
                }
                //获取最适合的定位方式的最后的定位权限
                location = manager.getLastKnownLocation(provider);
            }
            return location;
        }
    
        /** * 定位监听 */
        public static void addLocationListener(Context context, String provider, ILocationListener locationListener) {
    
            addLocationListener(context, provider, REFRESH_TIME, METER_POSITION, locationListener);
        }
    
        /** * 定位监听 */
        public static void addLocationListener(Context context, String provider, long time, float meter, ILocationListener locationListener) {
            if (locationListener != null) {
                mLocationListener = locationListener;
            }
            if (listener == null) {
                listener = new MyLocationListener();
            }
            LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                    && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                return;
            }
            manager.requestLocationUpdates(provider, time, meter, listener);
        }
    
        /** * 取消定位监听 */
        public static void unRegisterListener(Context context) {
            if (listener != null) {
                LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
                if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                        && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    return;
                }
                //移除定位监听
                manager.removeUpdates(listener);
            }
        }
    
        private static LocationManager getLocationManager(@NonNull Context context) {
            return (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
        }
    
        /** * 自定义接口 */
        public interface ILocationListener { 
            void onSuccessLocation(Location location);
        }
    }

--------------------

#### 获取定位使用实例 ####

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener { 
    
        private boolean flag;
        private Button gsp_btn;
        private Button network_btn;
        private Button best_btn;
        private static Context context;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            context = getApplicationContext();
    
            initView();
            initListener();
        }
    
        private void initListener() {
            gsp_btn.setOnClickListener(this);
            network_btn.setOnClickListener(this);
            best_btn.setOnClickListener(this);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onResume() {
            super.onResume();
            initPermission();//针对6.0以上版本做权限适配
        }
    
        private void initView() {
            gsp_btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.gps);
            network_btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.net);
            best_btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.best);
        }
    
        private void initPermission() {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
                //检查权限
                if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                        || ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    //请求权限
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}, 1);
                } else {
                    flag = true;
                }
            } else {
                flag = true;
            }
        }
    
        /** * 权限的结果回调函数 */
        @Override
        public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
            super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
            if (requestCode == 1) {
                flag = grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && grantResults[1] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            switch (v.getId()) {
                case R.id.gps:
                    if (flag) {
                        getGPSLocation();
                    } else {
                        Toast.makeText(this, "no permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                    break;
                case R.id.net:
                    if (flag) {
                        getNetworkLocation();
                    } else {
                        Toast.makeText(this, "no permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                    break;
                case R.id.best:
                    if (flag) {
                        getBestLocation();
                    } else {
                        Toast.makeText(this, "no permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
    
        /** * 通过GPS获取定位信息 */
        public void getGPSLocation() {
            Location gps = LocationUtils.getGPSLocation(this);
            if (gps == null) {
                //设置定位监听，因为GPS定位，第一次进来可能获取不到，通过设置监听，可以在有效的时间范围内获取定位信息
                LocationUtils.addLocationListener(context, LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, new LocationUtils.ILocationListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onSuccessLocation(Location location) {
                        if (location != null) {
                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "gps onSuccessLocation location: lat==" + location.getLatitude() + " lng==" + location.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        } else {
                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "gps location is null", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        }
                    }
                });
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this, "gps location: lat==" + gps.getLatitude() + " lng==" + gps.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    
        /** * 通过网络等获取定位信息 */
        private void getNetworkLocation() {
            Location net = LocationUtils.getNetWorkLocation(this);
            if (net == null) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "net location is null", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this, "network location: lat==" + net.getLatitude() + " lng==" + net.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    
        /** * 采用最好的方式获取定位信息 */
        private void getBestLocation() {
            Criteria c = new Criteria();//Criteria类是设置定位的标准信息（系统会根据你的要求，匹配最适合你的定位供应商），一个定位的辅助信息的类
            c.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_LOW);//设置低耗电
            c.setAltitudeRequired(true);//设置需要海拔
            c.setBearingAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_COARSE);//设置COARSE精度标准
            c.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_LOW);//设置低精度
            //... Criteria 还有其他属性，就不一一介绍了
            Location best = LocationUtils.getBestLocation(this, c);
            if (best == null) {
                Toast.makeText(this, " best location is null", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this, "best location: lat==" + best.getLatitude() + " lng==" + best.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    
    }

关于GPS定位的信息还有比较多的内容，在API24中GpsStauts类过时，使用GnssStatus类替换，同时在LocationManager中的一些GPS状态的监听，也被新的API退换。

[Link 1]: http://blog.csdn.net/qq_33689414/article/details/52648618
[Link 2]: http://blog.csdn.net/qq_33689414/article/details/52650803
[Link 3]: https://github.com/zhang3550545/PermissionManager