Java使用DOM解析XML的文件属性名和属性值、节点名和节点值

短命女 2022-06-17 10:49 174阅读 0赞

第一种xml：（注意book.xml中id的位置）

book.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <bookstore>
    	<book id="1">
    		<name>懂得生活</name>
    		<author>Mr Azzan</author>
    		<year>2017</year>
    		<price>100.00</price>
    	</book>
    	<book id="2">
    		<name>热爱生活</name>
    		<author>Miss Sun</author>
    		<year>2017</year>
    		<price>121.00</price>
    	</book>
    </bookstore>

DomTest.java文件

package DomReadXMLFile;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
    import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
    import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
    
    import org.w3c.dom.Document;
    import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
    import org.w3c.dom.Node;
    import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
    import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
    
    
    
    public class DomTest {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    	//创建DocumentBuilderFactory对象  
            DocumentBuilderFactory a = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();  
            try {  
                //创建DocumentBuilder对象  
                DocumentBuilder b = a.newDocumentBuilder();  
                //通过DocumentBuilder对象的parse方法返回一个Document对象  
                Document document = b.parse("book.xml");  
                //通过Document对象的getElementsByTagName()返根节点的一个list集合  
                NodeList booklist = document.getElementsByTagName("book");  
                for(int i =0; i<booklist.getLength(); i++){
                	
                    //循环遍历获取每一个book  
                    Node book = booklist.item(i);  
                    //通过Node对象的getAttributes()方法获取全的属性值  
                    NamedNodeMap bookmap = book.getAttributes();  
                    //循环遍每一个book的属性值  
                    for(int j = 0; j<bookmap.getLength(); j++){  
                        Node node = bookmap.item(j);  
                        //通过Node对象的getNodeName()和getNodeValue()方法获取属性名和属性值  
                        System.out.print(node.getNodeName()+":");  
                        System.out.println(node.getNodeValue());  
                    }  
                    //解析book节点的子节点
                    NodeList childlist = book.getChildNodes();  
                    for(int t = 0; t<childlist.getLength(); t++){  
                        //区分出text类型的node以及element类型的node  
                        if(childlist.item(t).getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE){  
                            System.out.print(childlist.item(t).getNodeName()+":");  
                            System.out.println(childlist.item(t).getTextContent());  
                        }  
                    }  
                   
                }  
            } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            } catch (SAXException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            } 
    	}
    
    }

运行结果：  
![Center][]

第二种xml：（注意booktwo.xml中id的位置）

booktwo.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <bookstore>
    	<book>
    	<id>1</id>
    		<name>懂得生活</name>
    		<author>Mr Azzan</author>
    		<year>2017</year>
    		<price>100.00</price>
    	</book>
    	<book>
    		<id>2</id>
    		<name>热爱生活</name>
    		<author>Miss Sun</author>
    		<year>2017</year>
    		<price>121.00</price>
    	</book>
    </bookstore>

DomTestTwo.java文件

package DomReadXMLFile;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
    import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
    import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
    
    import org.w3c.dom.Document;
    import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
    import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
    
    
    
    public class DomTestTwo {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		//创建DocumentBuilderFactory对象  
            DocumentBuilderFactory a = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();  
            try {  
                //创建DocumentBuilder对象  
                DocumentBuilder b = a.newDocumentBuilder();  
                //通过DocumentBuilder对象的parse方法返回一个Document对象  
                Document document = b.parse("booktwo.xml");  
                //通过Document对象的getElementsByTagName()返根节点的一个list集合  
                NodeList bookList = document.getElementsByTagName("book");  
                for(int i =0; i<bookList.getLength(); i++){
                	System.out.println("========开始遍历第"+(i+1)+"本书========");
                	
                	//获取id的属性值
                	System.out.println("id:"+document.getElementsByTagName("id").item(i).getFirstChild().getNodeValue());
                	//获取name的属性值
                	System.out.println("name:"+document.getElementsByTagName("name").item(i).getFirstChild().getNodeValue());
                	//获取author的属性值
                	System.out.println("author:"+document.getElementsByTagName("author").item(i).getFirstChild().getNodeValue());
                	//获取year的属性值
                	System.out.println("year:"+document.getElementsByTagName("year").item(i).getFirstChild().getNodeValue());
                	//获取price的属性值
                	System.out.println("price:"+document.getElementsByTagName("price").item(i).getFirstChild().getNodeValue());
                    
                    System.out.println("========结束遍历第"+(i+1)+"本书========");
                }  
            } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            } catch (SAXException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            } 
    	}
    
    }

运行结果：

![Center 1][]

[Center]: /images/20220617/04334dd4d21a4d24a8763f71c296afc8.png
[Center 1]: /images/20220617/a5bad88333c44389b1073ca96a6f9a0b.png